Australopithecus Walking

Were Australopithecus afarensis obligate bipeds? ,[object Object],Stern JT & Susman RL. (1983). The locomotor anatomy of australopithecus afarensis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 60 (3): 279-317 Crompton RH, Li Y, Wang W, Gunther M, Savage R. (1998). The mechanical effectiveness of erect and “bent-hip, bent-knee” bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis. JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION 35: 55-74 To what extent were Australopithecus afarensis obligate bipeds for whom arboreality was adaptively insignificant, and to what extent was their bipedalism characterised by bent-hip bent-knee gait?

Compared Bones & Footprints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compliant Gait means an aboreal lifestyle was employed by Lucy ,[object Object],However, we can see human traits too

Bent-hip, bent-knee used up to much energy ,[object Object],-- Human buttocks “are huge,” says Bramble. “Have you ever looked at an ape? They have no buns.” He says human buttocks “are muscles critical for stabilization in running” because they connect the femur – the large bone in each upper leg – to the trunk. Because people lean forward at the hip during running, the buttocks “keep you from pitching over on your nose each time a foot hits the ground.” If bent-hip, bent-knee was so energetically inefficient, what selection pressure was there for this gait to evolve?

Stern – Bent-knee, bent-hip Crompton – energetically inefficient Despite this they were arboreal

Australopithecus Walking

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Australopithecus Walking