IJCAI NYC AI Summit 2014

1. Theme 3: Strong AI, Integrated AI, Open AI, Challenges
Jim Spohrer, Director Global University Programs and Cognitive Systems Institute
February 2014
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2. New Era of Computing
Rapidly Evolving Cognitive Systems Architectures
 Watson – Analytic Cognition  SyNAPSE – Intuitive Cognition
– OpenPOWER
Watson Architectures
– Reasoning, Logic & Planning
– Symbolic Processing
– Natural Language Processing
– Ranking of Hypotheses
– Knowledge Representations
– Domain-Specific Ontologies
– Information Storage/Retrieval
– Machine Learning
– Brain-Inspired
SyNAPSE Architectures
– Recognition, Sensing & Acting
– Pattern Processing
– Image & Speech Processing
– Ranking of Hypotheses
– Pattern Representations
– Domain-Specific Neural Nets
– Information Storage/Retrieval
– Machine Learning
Cognition as a Service
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3. Grand Challenges
Data Sets, Tools & Services
 Artificial Intelligence
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Cognitive Sport & Games
Deep Blue (Chess)
Watson (Jeopardy!)
Robocup
TradingAgents
DARPA Grand Challenges
NIST Competitions
Hutter Prize
Loebner Prize
 Intelligence Augmentation
– Pass professional certification exams
– Improve performance –
both productivity and creativity
– Problem-solving professionals
– Researchers
– Research Teams
– Research Universities
– Regions
– Cognitive Enterprise
Cognition as a Service
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4. Challenges
Strong AI
Integrated AI
Open AI
Sub-discipline silos
 Missing Integration
Architecture
– Game 1: Single univ.
– Game 2: Strongest link
– Game 3: Weakest link
Reality & Scale
-Missing Data
-Missing Models
-Missing ObjFunc
-Missing Stakeholders
-Missing Integration Arch
Challenge:
Boot-up ultra-intelligent machine
(per Stuart Russell, Berkeley)
Sub-challenges: existing grand challenges (Hutter Prize,
Loebner Prize, Robocup, Trading Agents, BlueGene,
Jeopardy, plus research paper, plus kick starter campaign)
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6. Back up
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7. Cognitive Systems Institute
 Virtual Institute to encourage and to advance cognitive systems research:
 POVs from Academia, Industry, Governments, Professional Associations
 Development of Curriculum, Data Sets, Tools & Services, Grand Challenges
 Cognitive Science the Study of Cognitive Systems – Their Design & Evolution
 Cogs = Individual Cognitive System Entities (Local Capabilities)
 CogNets = Ecology of Nested, Networked Cogs (Collective Capabilities)
 Theme: Cognitive Science and the Transformation of Business & Society
 How will advanced cognitive systems change what and how we learn, work & play?
 How will cognitive systems improve performance (productivity & creativity) of:
 Researchers & their teams? Research universities & their regions?
 How will “cognitive bulldozers plow through big data” to accelerate:
 Learning? Discovery? Engagement (scaling innovations for benefit of society)?
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8. Cogs & CogNets
 Cogs: Degrees of capability for processing information about environment, self-others
 Living: Biological Reproduction (Natural)
 Examples: People, Animals
 Awareness Levels: Spatial, SocialRoles, Temporal
 Non-Living: Manufactured Production (Human-Made)
 Example: Sophisticated Sensors, Smart Phones
BORO Method
(http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/BORO_method)
- Entities
- Set of Entities
- Relations
 Capability Levels: Memory, Processing, Bandwidth
 CogNets: Ecology of nested, networks Cogs – design and evolution
 Rights: Governance Infrastructure Scaling (Governed)
 Examples: Businesses, Governments
 Responsibility Levels: To Customers, Citizens, Employees, Shareholders, etc.
 No-Rights: Technology Infrastructure Scaling (Owned)
 Examples: Data Centers, Internet Nodes
 Capability Levels: Self-healing, learning, threat-detection
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9. IBM University Programs: Cognitive Systems Offerings & Levels
Resources for Faculty and Students (Under Development Now)
 Access to Information (First Level – Careers: Readiness & Skills):
– Software
• Watson APIs in the Cloud (for fee)
• SyNAPSE Corlet Programming Language
• Developer Works Support Communities
• “Mini-Watsons” Toolkits for Teaching
• Corlet Simulator
– Online Video Lectures, Courses & Games
– Great Minds Student Challenges
 Access to Interaction (Second Level – Collaborations: Research & Experts):
Subject Matter Experts (SME) to Work with Faculty
Industry Coaches to Work with Students
Collaboration on Journal Special Issues, Books, Case Studies
Conference Sessions, Professional Association SIGs
Research Grand Challenges
 Access to Investment (Third Level – Change: Cognitive Enterprise & Regional Development):
Competitively-Awarded Access to Advanced Watson APIs in the Cloud (e.g., SoftLayer)
Competitively-Awarded Funding for Hardware, Faculty Awards and PhD Fellowships
Co-Investment in Regional Transformation of Productivity & Creativity/Discovery
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10. We Leverage Large Community of IBMers Who Work With Universities
 300 University Partnership Executives; 140 in U.S.
 300 Client Reps + 300 Managers Assigned to Universities with PEPs
 500 members of the Global University Programs Team
 University Technical Partnership Executives – being assigned now
 150 University Technical Advocates assigned to key universities
 1500 Members of University Ambassador Community
 275 Members of University Recruiting Community
 1150 Members of IBM on Campus Community
 1000 Technical Leaders in Academy of Technology
 >400,000 IBM employees worldwide,
most are alumni, many with recent degrees
and certifications from universities
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11. Key Skills Needed for Cognitive Computing
 Natural Language Processing (Watson)
 Pattern Recognition (SyNAPSE)
 Machine Learning (Watson & SyNAPSE)
 Core Text Search and Analytics
 Data Mining, Information Retrieval
 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
 Neural Networks
Cognition
as a
Service
Academic Fields – Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Pattern
Recognition, Text Search and Analytics, Speech and Image Processing, Computational Linguistics,
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Information Retrieval and Management, Human Computer
Interaction, Sensing and Actuation (Robotics), Social Intelligence, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer
Science, Behavioral Science
Emerging Academic Fields – Cognitive Computer Science, Cognitive Information Systems, Computational
Neuroscience, Social Physics
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12. Global University Programs: 6 R’s
Faculty Awards
1.Research (Collaboration)
Shared University Research Awards
Open Collaborative Research Awards
2.Readiness (Skills)
PhD Fellowships
3.Recruiting (Jobs)
Student Contests
4.Revenue (Solutions)
5.Responsibility (Volunteers)
6.Regions (Smarter Cities, Startups and Workforce)
Partnership Executive
Program (PEP)
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13. University Programs Experience Creating Skills Programs
 Service Science – 2005
 Smarter Planet, Smarter Cities – 2009
 Business Analytics, Big Data - 2010
 Data Management, Data Science – 2011
 Cyber Security – 2012
 Cloud Computing -2012
 Digital Marketing – 2013
 Cognitive Systems - 2014
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