Precision Convergence - Gereffi Global Valu Chain

1. Panelist for Precision Convergence Webinar Series and
Gary Gereffi’s Keynote on Global Value Chain Resilience
Policy
Jim Spohrer
Board of Directors, ISSIP.org
Questions: spohrer@gmail.com
Twitter: @JimSpohrer
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/spohrer/
Slack: https://slack.lfai.foundation
Presentations on line at: https://slideshare.net/spohrer
Thanks to Laurette Dube (McGill) for inviting me to be a panelist
for Gary Gereffi’s (Duke) keynote on Global Value Chain
Resilience Policy at the Precision Convergence Webinar Series
– online (Oct 6, 2021)
Highly recommend:
Humankind: A Hopeful History
By Dutch Historian, Rutger Bregman
<- Thanks
To Ray Fisk
For suggesting
this book

2. Questions
• What factors increase/reduce TRUST across the global value chain?
How are TRUST and RESILIENCE related in the global value chain?
• What will be the impact of the growth of IT-enabled, data-driven,
knowledge-intensive, high-value, science-basedSERVICE offerings to
resilience in the global value chain?
• What will be the impact of increasing ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
capabilities to resilience in the global value chain?

3. Jim Spohrer, Board of Directors, ISSIP.org
Jim Spohrer serves on the Board of Directors of the International
Society of Service Innovation Professionals, and as a contributor to the
Linux Foundation AI and Data Foundation. He is a retired IBM Executive
since July 2021, and previously directed IBM’s open-source Artificial
Intelligence developer ecosystem effort, was CTO IBM Venture Capital
Group, co-founded IBM Almaden Service Research, and led IBM Global
University Programs. After his MIT BS in Physics, he developed speech
recognition systems at Verbex (Exxon) before receiving his Yale PhD in
Computer Science/AI. In the 1990’s, he attained Apple Computers’
Distinguished Engineer Scientist and Technologist role for next
generation learning platforms. With over ninety publications and nine
patents, he received the Christopher Loverlock Career Contributions to
the Service Discipline award, Gummesson Service Research award,
Vargo and Lusch Service-Dominant Logic award, Daniel Berg Service
Systems award, and a PICMET Fellow for advancing service science. Jim
was elected and previously served as LF AI & Data Technical Advisory
Board Chairperson and ONNX Steering Committee Member (2020-
2021).
3
From 2002 - 2009, Jim co-founded and directed
IBM Almaden Service Research
helping to establish service science,
applying science, technology,
and T-shaped upskilling of people to
business and societal transformation.
Who I am
2021 A big year: (1) 65, (2) award, (3) retired

4. What I study
Service Science and Open Source AI – Trust is key to both
Service
Science
Artificial
Intelligence
Trust:
Value Co-Creation/Collaboration
Responsible Entities Learning to Invest
Transdisciplinary Community
Trust:
Secure, Fair, Explainable
Machine Collaborators
Open Source Communities

5. Two disciplines: Two approaches to the future
Artificial Intelligence is almost seventy-years-old discipline in computer
science that studies automation and builds more capable technological
systems. AI tries to understand the intelligent things that people can do
and then does those things with technology. (https://deepmind.com/about “...
we aim to build advanced AI - sometimes known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) - to
expand our knowledge and find new answers. By solving this, we believe we could help
people solve thousands of problems.”)
Service science is an emerging transdiscipline not yet twenty-years- old
that studies transformation and builds smarter and wiser socoi-
technical systems – families, businesses, nations, platforms and other
special types of responsible entities and their win-win interactions that
transform value co-creation and capability co-elevation mechanisms
that build more resilient future versions of themselves – what we call
service systems entities. Service science tries to understand the
evolving ecology of service system entities, their capabilities,
constraints, rights, and responsibilities, and then then seeks to improve
the quality of life of people (present/smarter and future/wiser) in those
service systems.
26-30 July 2015 3rd International Conference on The Human Side of Service Engineering
5
Artificial Intelligence
Automation
Generations of machines
Service Science
Transformation
Generations of people
(responsible entities)
Service systems are dynamic configurations of people,
technology, organizations, and information, connected
internally and externally by value propositions, to other
service system entities. (Maglio et al 2009)

6. Service & Global Value Chain
10/6/2021 (c) IBM MAP COG .| 6
Source:
Fed Reserve
St. Louis

9. Timeline Future of AI: Every 20 years,
compute costs are down by 1000x
• Cost of Digital Workers
• Moore’s Law can be thought of as
lowering costs by a factor of a…
• Thousand times lower
in 20 years
• Million times lower
in 40 years
• Billion times lower
in 60 years
• Smarter Tools (Terascale)
• Terascale (2017) = $3K
• Terascale (2020) = ~$1K
• Narrow Worker (Petascale)
• Recognition (Fast)
• Petascale (2040) = ~$1K
• Broad Worker (Exascale)
• Reasoning (Slow)
• Exascale (2060) = ~$1K
9
10/6/2021 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group
2080
2040
2000
1960
$1K
$1M
$1B
$1T
2060
2020
1980
+/- 10 years
$1
Person Average
Annual Salary
(Living Income)
Super Computer
Cost
Mainframe Cost
Smartphone Cost
T
P
E
T P E
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA

10. Timeline: GDP/Employee
10/6/2021 (c) IBM 2017, Cognitive Opentech Group 10
(Source)
Lower compute costs translate into increasing productivity and GDP/employees for nations
Increasing productivity and GDP/employees should translate into wealthier citizens
AI Progress on Open Leaderboards
Benchmark Roadmap to solve AI/IA

11. Accelerating shift: digital transformation and AI/robotics…
How will COVID-19 effect the need for and use of robots in a
service world with less physical contact?
Will robots improve or harm livelihoods/jobs?
Robots Rule Retail?
Taking away jobs
Telepresence Robot World?
Adding more jobs
Robots at Home?
Reducing need to have a job
T-shaped (L)earners
You will be assigned to a small team to discuss. Please have a team member to take notes of
the most important insights and/or questions that emerge from your discussion. Your notes
will be crucial for us to create a conference report, send to contact@creatingvalueconf.com
What is most probable to happen? What is desirable?
Spohrer

12. Accelerating shift: From employees to earners in
platform society – upskilling (l)earners is key
Farrrel D, Grieg F (2014)
Online Platform
Economy.