The presentation analyses with the different views on how social media are used in conflict related situations, comparing the arguments of Evgeny Morozov and Clay Shirky. Examples used are the "Green Uprising" in Iran, the Sichuan Earthquake in China and the Minsk Flash Mobs.
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Social media in conflict situations - Ushahidi, Twitter and More
1. Social Media in Conflict Situations
-
Ushahidi, Twitter and More
IIJ Summer Academy 2010
August 18, 2010
Berlin
ms@immateriblog.de
Twitter: @spielkamp
6. in the blue corner
‣ defending champion
‣ New York City, New York
‣ born in the United States of America
‣ 6 books
‣ numerous articles in international papers
‣ under contract by New York University
7.
8. in the red corner
‣ contender
‣ from Washington, DC
‣ born in Belarus
‣ 1 (forthcoming) book
‣ numerous articles in international papers
‣ under contract by George Washington University
29. The 'Twitter Revolution'
BBC
How Iran's political battle is fought in cyberspace
Time Magazine
Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement
30. The 'Twitter Revolution'
BBC
How Iran's political battle is fought in cyberspace
Time Magazine
Iran Protests: Twitter, the Medium of the Movement
Washington Post
Iran Elections: A Twitter Revolution?
31. The 'Twitter Revolution'
cartoon removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/y/m/2/stop-or-tweet.gif
34. Shirky
"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing
Without Organization"
Hypothesis:
The Internet and social media help synchronizing a
politically engaged public -
35. Shirky
"Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing
Without Organization"
Hypothesis:
The Internet and social media help synchronizing a
politically engaged public -
and this, in itself, is politcal and furthers
democratisation.
38. Morozov
"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love
the Web" (January 2011)
Hypothesis:
Authoritarian regimes can adjust their methods of
governance to Internet communication -
39. Morozov
"How Dictators Learned to Stop Worrying and Love
the Web" (January 2011)
Hypothesis:
Authoritarian regimes can adjust their methods of
governance to Internet communication -
and at times work 'better' (more effectively) with it
than ever before.
41. The Minsk Flash Mobs
image removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://www.spokesman.com/photos/2010/jul/16/109917/
42. The Minsk Flash Mobs
‣ started in March 2006, a day after the violent
dispersal of the opposition's peaceful rally in Minsk
‣ goal: to 'peacefully express one's point of view on
what's going on in the country'
‣ several flash mob activities have been carried out
in Minsk
43. The Minsk Flash Mobs
Shirky: 'I think that the thing that's worth fighting
for here is the ability of citizens within a country to
communicate with one another, and I remain
convinced that that will have political ramifications. I
think that to the degree that citizens can
communicate with each other, that actually matters
much more than access to information, or than
communication with the outside world. What we
should be worrying about is freedom of speech,
lower case "f", lower case "s", not as a political
right, but as just a daily capability.'
44. The Minsk Flash Mobs
Morozov: 'My biggest problem with these
flashmobbing kids in Belarus was that they had
erroneously thought that the Internet presents an
entirely new way of doing politics. They thought
that they would build up and operate a fully virtual
movement, that they would not need to bother with
the dirty and bloody business of opposing a
dictator, a business that often entails harassments of
all kinds, as well as bloodshed, intimidation,
expulsion from universities. Let's not kid ourselves:
that's what being in an opposition in authoritarian
country entails. It's never a pretty picture.'
45. The Minsk Flash Mobs
'So I do fear that some of these kids thought that
the Internet offered a nice shortcut that would allow
them to meaningfully challenge the dictator without
having to go through any of that unpleasant stuff.
They thought they could just blog the dictatorship
away.'
53. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
image removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/06/03/c4.jpg
54. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Chinese officials sacked over handling of
earthquake
The Guardian, June 23, 2008
55. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Shirky: 'the first time the Chinese government has
faced a radicalized population who had no
preexisting coordination'
56. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Morozov: Will governments 'be able to adapt to
this environment by engaging in new ways of
propaganda? By selectively manipulating who gets
to cover which story?'
57. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in
Yunnan Province
58. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in
Yunnan Province
‣ public protest, organised over Internet
59. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in
Yunnan Province
‣ public protest, organised over Internet
‣15 'netizen investigators' appointed, looked at the
prison, wrote an inconclusive report
60. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Example of Chinese man dying in police custody in
Yunnan Province
‣ public protest, organised over Internet
‣ 15 'netizen investigators' appointed, looked at the
prison, wrote an inconclusive report
‣ Story died, it later came out most of the 15 were
current or former employees of state media
61. 2008 Sichuan Earthquake (China)
Sichuan earthquake activist to stay in jail for five
years
The Telegraph, June 9, 2010
66. Iran
Shirky: there was a cause-and-effect situation
Morozov: there was a synchronicity of events. But:
67. Iran
Shirky: there was a cause-and-effect situation
Morozov: there was a synchronicity of events. But:
'How many completely uninitiated protests have
actually engaged with the real world because of
something they had read on Twitter or Facebook?'
68. Neda
image removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neda_non_graphic.jpg
70. Neda
Morozov: 'despite millions of angry tweets and
cellphone cameras pointed at their faces, the
Iranian government still cracked down on the
protesters'
71. Neda
Morozov: 'despite millions of angry tweets and
cellphone cameras pointed at their faces, the
Iranian government still cracked down on the
protesters'
cartoon removed for copyright reasons, available here:
http://0.tqn.com/d/politicalhumor/1/0/y/m/2/stop-or-
tweet.gif
72. What are the results?
Shirky: Yes, but there are still changes:
'I believe that the Green Uprising altered the
balance between the theocracy and the military
aspects of the Iranian government. [...] it seems to
me that one of the effects, paradoxical and sad, of
the Green Uprising, is that it has pushed Iran into
being an essentially military power.'
73. What are the results?
Morozov: Agreed. But these kinds of changes are
much more complex and have multiple causes -
74. What are the results?
Morozov: Agreed. But these kinds of changes are
much more complex and have multiple causes -
take the example of the smuggled Xerox machines
in Poland: 'they may not have been all that
important, for it was the fundamental economic
unsustainability of communism that precipitated its
collapse.'