Mapping Small-scale Fishing Activity in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
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Mapping Small-scale Fishing Activity in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico
- 1. Acknowledgements Funding Agencies: â˘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂa â˘David and Lucile Packard Foundation â˘The University of Arizona â˘Wallace Research Foundation Committee Members: â˘Dr. William Shaw â˘Dr. Barron Orr â˘Dr. Philip Guertin â˘Dr. Tom McGuire To my family: James Collins Jorge, Alba, Raquel, Jorge y Marcos Dr. Luz VĂĄzquez Dr. Jaime Nubiola Art Lab: Mickey Reed, Andrew Honaman, Craig Weisler SNR: Kathi, Samia, Taryn, Sonya â˘Dr. Richard Cudney-Bueno and PANGUEROS: Ana Cinti and Dr. Jennie Duberstein, Nabor Encinas, Erika Koltenuk, Alejandro Castillo, Dr. Miguel LavĂn, Rene Loaiza, Cesar Moreno, AdriĂĄn MunguĂa, Tad Pfister, Dr. Pete Raimondi, Mario Rojo, Alyssa Rosemartin, Ăngeles SĂĄnchez, Gaspar Soria, Dr. Jorge Torre, Peggy Turk Tucsonian Friends: Mariano, Anne, Hugo, Adriana, Mari, Nadia, Alma, Maite, Pablo, Pat, Mike, Patricia, Laura, Jeremiah, Dan, Alison, Zack, Mattie, Monica, Don Carlos, Forest, Michele, Gillian, Emiliano.
- 2. MAPPING THE HUMAN DIMENSION of Small-scale Fisheries in the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico. Marcia Moreno-Baez
- 3. Small-scale Fisheries are Central to the Economic Vitality and Food Security of Many Countries ⢠38 million people are classified as fishers (BÊnÊ, Macfadyen and Allison, 2007) ⢠~90 percent are considered small-scale ⢠An additional 100+ million people involved in the post-harvest sector
- 4. Most of the World's Fisheries Science has been devote to Stock Assessment ⢠The disciplinary focus has been on biology and, to some extent, economics ⢠Conventional approaches have not adequately addressed the socio economic needs of fisheries (Berkes et al. 2001)
- 5. THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA Has a rich history in commercial fisheries
- 6. USA Asia 50%
- 7. Small-scale fisheries involve a wide array of fishing gear, methods and species
- 8. Best Available Information is Needed for Successful Planning Biophysical Social SmallEBM scale PANGAS Fisheries Political Economic
- 9. Research Goal To understand the human dimension of small-scale fishing activities for developing fisheries management plans in the NGC Biophysical Social Political Economic Smallscale Fisheries
- 10. Objectives ⢠Use local knowledge to characterize fishing activities ⢠Understand the implications and contributions to fisheries management â â â â â â Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
- 11. THE NORTHERN GULF OF CALIFORNIA MEXICO
- 12. Methods Rapid Appraisal Review of Existing Data Integration of Local Knowledge Design Semi-structured Interview Stratify Random Sampling Internal Validation Spatial and Temporal Analysis Photo: PĂŠrez, S./CEDO n = 376 15% of total number of panga captains Conducting Interviews in 17 Fishing Communities
- 13. Semi-structure Interviews and Participatory Mapping 1st Section General Information and Social networks Opinion about fisheries Target species 2nd Section Spatial and Temporal distribution Reproductive and â˘Nursery grounds do What species And life history you make a dedicated trip to capture? ⢠What other species do you target? Problems and ⢠Of all of these, what are the three Additional Information most important?
- 14. Semi-structure Interviews and Participatory Mapping 2nd Section Spatial and Temporal distribution Reproductive and Nursery grounds And life history Problems and Additional Information ⢠What are your three primary fishing zones for this species? ⢠What are your three secondary fishing zones for this species?
- 15. Methods Rapid Appraisal n(i)= 376 n(m) = 764 Integration of Local Knowledge Internal Validation Spatial and Temporal Analysis Compilation Digital Integration ArcGIS⢠9.2 Preliminary Analysis ArcGIS⢠9.2
- 17. Methods Rapid Appraisal Integration of Local Knowledge Internal Validation Spatial and Temporal Analysis
- 18. MEXICO Puerto PeĂąasco: 1. Diving (5 species) 2. Gillnets (4 species) 3. Longline and Traps (2 species) BahĂa de Kino: 1. Diving (4 species) 2. Gillnets (4 species) 3. Traps (1 specie)
- 20. An Example of a Fishing Adjustment Before and After an Internal Validation (Moreno-Baez, et al, 2010) Black murex (Hexaplex nigritus)
- 21. Methods Rapid Appraisal Integration of Local Knowledge Internal Validation Spatial and Temporal Analysis
- 22. Spatial Analysis to Meet the Objectives Who, What, Where, How and, When Characterize Fishing Activity Common Seasonal Fishing Grounds Vector-based Analysis Spawning and Juvenile areas + Relative Importance of Fishing Grounds Raster-based Analysis
- 23. Different Vector-based Analyses Were Used to Meet Objectives Attribute Queries Species , Communities, Fishing Method, Spawning and juvenile areas Relational Algebra Operators Intersection = communities overlap, Union = temporal analysis
- 24. Spatial and Temporal Analysis to Meet the Objectives Characterize Fishing Activity Common Seasonal Fishing Grounds Vector-based Analysis Spawning and Juvenile areas + Raster-based Analysis
- 25. Different Vector-based Analyses Were Used to Meet Objectives Attribute Queries + Euclidian Distance Maximum and median distance from communities
- 26. Spatial and Temporal Analysis to Meet the Objectives Characterize Fishing Activity Common Seasonal Fishing Grounds Vector-based Analysis Spawning and Juvenile areas Relative Importance of Fishing Grounds Raster-based Analysis
- 27. Raster-based Analysis Was Utilized to Understand the Importance of Fishing Grounds ⢠What are your three primary fishing zones for this species? ⢠What are your three secondary fishing zones for this species? Grid Creation (1.5 x 1.5 miles pixel size) Level of Importance = Value assigned to pixel Geostatistics + Fuzzy Logic Fishing Ground Relative Importance Primary Fishing zones = 1.0 Secondary Fishing zones = 0.5
- 28. Results ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
- 29. Fishing activity in 60% Of the total area Fishing activity in 89% Of the coast line Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 30. Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006 Communities Max. Dist. (km) Med. Dist. (km) San Luis Gonzaga 51 Santo Tomas 43 San Jorge 177 San Felipe Puerto PeĂąasco 94 Puerto Lobos 200 Puerto Libertad 18 Punta Jaguey 50 Punta Chueca Los Dorados de Villa 108 Las Ănimas 95 Golfo de Santa Clara 100 El Barril 99 Desemboque Seri 150 Desemboque de Caborca Bahia de los Ăngeles Bahia de Kino Distance (km) Traveled Distances from Community to Fishing Grounds 250 207 181 162 145 125 94 77 61 21 0
- 31. Results ⢠Who is fishing? ⢠Where are they fishing? Where is fishing activity concentrating? Isla Ăngel de La Guarda Isla TiburĂłn Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 32. Results ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
- 33. What are People Fishing? ⢠74 species are being harvest ⢠58 target species â Based on a dedicated trip ⢠Spatial distribution of harvest location of 52 species (Moreno-Baez et al, In press)
- 34. Octopus hubssorum or O. bimaculatus Epinephelus acanthistius Isla Ăngel de La Guarda Isla TiburĂłn Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 35. Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006 Number of Species Captured by Each Community Number of Communities 5 4 3 2 1 0 1-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 Number of Species Captured 51-60 61-70
- 36. Results ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
- 37. Photos: Cinti, A., Rojo M./COBI, Morales, O. Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 38. Results ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites?
- 39. Isla Ăngel de La Guarda Isla TiburĂłn
- 40. Results ⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠⢠Who is fishing? Where are they fishing? What are they capturing? How are they fishing? When are they fishing? Where are the spawning and reproductive sites? Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 41. Implications for Management ⢠The spatial and temporal data may provide support that helps managers balance the local demand for the resource and the ecological integrity of the system
- 42. Rapid Appraisal 2005 - 2006
- 43. Conclusions ⢠Key local knowledge can be incorporated into and corroborated during the datacollection process ⢠Data can be used within large, regional scales with multiple fishing communities and highly diverse fishing activities
- 44. Conclusions ď§ Incorporating fishersâ knowledge through participatory research can provide essential information for the development of any future management schemes in the NGC
- 45. Conclusions ⢠This process increases the opportunity for dialogue between local fishers, natural resource managers, and researchers ⢠Engagement of local fishers can bring transparency to integration of local knowledge
- 46. The Human Dimension is Only One Aspect to be Incorporated into Planning for Fisheries Management Biophysical Social Smallscale Fisheries Political Economic
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Different spatio-temporal analyses were used to meet the objectivesMENTION ALL THE QUESTION AND SAY THAT, THOSE Q. HELPED ME TO CHARACTERIZED⌠FIND ABOUT ALL COMMON SEASONAL FISH⌠SPA..
- Vector âbase analysisIntersection: to identify common fishing grounds among communities (translated into potential areas of conflict)Binary data for fishing seasons (presence âabsence)Grid creation (1.5 x 1.5 miles)By community and by speciesTo understand the number of present communities working in a site, or number of species usually fished there according to fishers knowledge
- Different spatio-temporal analyses were used to meet the objectives
- Different spatio-temporal analyses were used to meet the objectives