School ppt for motion. Green Fields School, India IX

1. Spandan B., IX E, Roll No. 21

2.  In physics, motion is a change in position of an
object with respect to time and its reference
point.
 Motion is observed by attaching a frame of
reference to a body and measuring its change in
position relative to another reference frame.
 As there is no absolute frame of
reference, absolute motion cannot be
determined.Thus, everything in the universe can
be considered to be moving.

3.  Newton’s laws
 Elements of motion –
▪ Distance and Displacement
▪ Time
▪ Speed andVelocity
▪ Acceleration
▪ Rate of change of acceleration, rate of change of rate of
change of acceleration and rate of change of rate of change
of rate of change of acceleration
 Equations of motion
 Quantum mechanics – A brief introduction.

4.  Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that together
laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
 They describe the relationship between a body and
the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to said forces.
 They have been expressed in several different ways over nearly
three centuries, and can be summarized as follows:
 First law:An object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by
a force.An object in motion remains in motion, and at a constant
velocity, unless acted upon by a force.
 Second law:The acceleration of a body is directly proportional to, and
in the same direction as, the net force acting on the body, and
inversely proportional to its mass.Thus, F = ma, where F is the net
force acting on the object, m is the mass of the object and a is the
acceleration of the object.
 Third law:When one body exerts a force on a second body, the
second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction to that of the first body.

5.  Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how
much ground an object has covered" during its
motion.
 Displacement is a vector quantity which refers to
the shortest path from the origin to the final
position.
 The SI unit of distance is meters.
 The SI unit of displacement is meters + direction
Distance and Displacement

6. Distance Displacement
Distance cannot be negative . Displacement can be negative
Distance travelled never
decreases.
Displacement may decrease or
increase
Distance is a scalar quantity or
has only magnitude.
Displacement is a vector
quantity with both magnitude
and direction
The SI unit of distance is
meters.
The SI unit of displacement is
meters + direction

7.  Time in physics is defined by
its measurement: time is what a clock reads.
 It is a scalar quantity like length, mass,
and charge.
 Time can be combined mathematically with
other physical quantities to derive other
concepts such as motion.
 The SI unit of time is seconds(s).

8.  Velocity is the rate of change of the position of
an object, equivalent to a specification of
its speed and direction of motion.
 Speed describes only how fast an object is
moving, whereas velocity gives both how fast
and in what direction the object is moving.
 If a car is said to travel at 60 km/h, its speed has
been specified. However, if the car is said to
move at 60 km/h to the north, its velocity has
now been specified.
 To have a constant velocity, an object must
have a constant speed in a constant direction.

9. Speed Velocity
1 It is scalar quantity. It is a vector quantity.
2 Speed describes only how fast an object is
moving
Velocity gives both how
fast and in what direction
the object is moving
3 To have constant speed, an object must cover
equal distances in equal intervals of time.
To have a constant
velocity, an object must
have a constant speed in a
constant direction.
4 If a car is said to travel at 60 km/h, its speed has
been specified.
If the car is said to move
at 60 km/h to the north,
its velocity has been
specified.

10.  In physics, acceleration is the rate at which
the velocity of a body changes with time.
 In general, velocity and acceleration are vector
quantities with magnitude and direction.
 The SI unit of acceleration is the meter per
second squared (m/s2).
 Though in many cases only magnitude is
considered (sometimes with negative values for
deceleration, treating it as a one dimensional
vector).

11.  In physics, jerk, also known as jolt, surge, or lurch, is
the rate of change of acceleration; that
is, the derivative of acceleration with respect to
time, the second derivative of velocity, or the third
derivative of position.
 In physics, jounce or snap is the fourth derivative of
the position vector with respect to time, the jounce is
the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time.
 The fourth, fifth and sixth derivatives of position as a
function of time are referred to
as "Snap", "Crackle", and “Pop” respectively.

12. o Used to describe the behavior of a physical system as a set
of mathematical functions in terms of dynamic variables.
The most commonly used of these are
i. V = u +at
ii. S = ½ at*t + ut
iii. v*v = u*u + 2as
o The various variables in the equations represent the
following-
 V= final velocity
 U= initial velocity
 T= time
 S= distance
 A= acceleration

13.  Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics which deals with
physical phenomena at microscopic scales.
 Quantum mechanics provides a mathematical description of
much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and
interactions of energy and matter.
 The name quantum mechanics derives from the observation that
some physical quantities can change only in discrete amounts
(Latin quanta), and not in a continuous way.
 The mathematical formulations of quantum mechanics are
abstract, quantum mechanics concerns itself with
position, momentum, and other physical properties of a particle.
 Quantum mechanics is often the only tool available that can
reveal the individual behaviors of the subatomic particles that
make up all forms of matter.