Presented in ACIAR-IFPRI two days Regional Dialogue on Machine Reforms’ for Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture in South Asia on July 21-22, 2017 in New Delhi, India

2. 7 provinces
3 ecological region
Mountain, Hill, Terai
➢ Land area 147,181 sq km (EW-885 km, NS-193 km)
➢ Population 28.10 M (2015)
➢ Elevation ranges from 70 m to 8848 m
➢ Climate temperate to sub tropical
➢ Rugged terrain and diversity (in all sense) the typical feature

3. Source: MoAD

4. ➢Agriculture contributed 34.33% GDP and employment
to about 66 % of population,
➢Dominated by subsistence & small holder,
➢Average land holding : < 0.68 ha,
➢Labor migration from agril sector to non-agricultural
sector
➢Young people unwilling to work in agriculture,
➢Dependent on old-age and feminization in agriculture
➢Emerging commercialization
➢Low investment capacity and lack of infrastructure
and market opportunities forced to use traditional
technology
Hence, urgent need of appropriate Agricultural
Mechanization in the country

5. Crops Area (ha.) Production (mt.) Yield (kg/ha)
Paddy 1,425,300 4,789,000 3,359.99
Maize 882,400 2,145,000 2,430.87
Millet 268,000 308,400 1,150.75
Wheat 762,300 1,976,000 2,592.16
Barley 28,000 37,000 1,321.43
Buckwheat 10,800 10,800 1,000.00
Total 3,377,000 9266,200 2,744

6. It involves the use of powered machinery, implements
and tools that substitutes human labour and improves
the efficiency of production
The primary aims
✓to increase productivity
✓reduce the cost of production
✓optimize product quality
✓ providing timely inputs
✓ protect the environment, and
✓improve the livelihood of the farming
community
It has replaced the animal power that was the primary
means of semi-mechanization in the past.

7. • 1921 - Agriculture Office established at Charkhal, Kathmandu
• 1924 - Beginning of Modern AgrilMech after Mr. Krishna Bdr.
Thapa of Biratnagar 1st. time imported single cylinder tractor.
• 1953 - Establishment of Agriculture Engineering Unit under
Ministry of Agriculture Development. Importation of modern
farm equipments started for government agriculture and livestock
farm
• 1959 - Agriculture Equipment Research Unit was established in
Ranighat, Birgunj of Parsa district for research and promotion of
agricultural equipment for terai region- iron-made plough and rice
thresher
• 1964 - Agriculture Tool Factory (ATF), Birgunj was established
former USSR- iron-made plough, pedal thresher, corn thresher,
wheel barrow, wheat thresher, pump-set and tractor-trailer
• 1970 - Food Technology and Quality Control department
established a fruit processing pilot plant.

8. • 1971 - Janakpur Agriculture Development Project (JADP) by
Japan Government (JICA) to promotion of deep tube-well,
power-tiller and modern agriculture equipments.
• 1973-1983 Agriculture Development Bank (ADB/N) started to
prioritized the loan on tractors and pump-sets.
-Livestock Development Farm, Pokhara -German Technical
Cooperation Agency (GTZ), use of Forage harvester, incubator,
hatcher and equipment to prepare silage
-Jiri farm, Dolakha -Swiss Government , use of some machineries
• 1991 - Agriculture Engineering Division (AED),NARC-testing and
developing different agriculture machines and equipment
• 1996-ATF privatized , now collapsed
• 2004 - Directorate of Agriculture Engineering (DoAEngg), DoA-
agricultural mech. extension and training services
• 2014 - Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Policy, 2071-
Approved.
Mechanization Strategy under Final Approval (Supported by IFPRI) .

9. Agricultural Sector-
• traditional hand equipment and wooden animal driven plough
• iron plough, tractor, power-tiller, pump set, sprayer, rice/wheat thresher,
rice huller/grinder, oil expeller, trailer for transportation , combine
harvester, Zero tillage seed drill,
Livestock Sector-
• poultry, hatchery, feed grain production, milk processing, lactometer,
cream separator, ice-cream vault, milking machine, chilling vat, liquid
nitrogen
Fisheries Sector-
• water quality testing, aerator, harvesting, diseases diagnosis, feeding,
transportation and storage

10. Types of
equipments
1991/92 2001/02 2011/12*
Holdings
using
equipments
(‘000)
No. of
items
(‘000)
Holdings
using
equipments
(‘000)
No. of
items
(‘000)
Holdings
using
equipments
(‘000)
No. of
items
(‘000)
Iron ploughs
Power tillers
Shallow tube wells
Deep tube wells
Rower pumps
Tractors
Threshers
Pumping sets
Animal drawn cart
Sprayers
Others
315.1
5.6
50.9
20.1
3.5
35.2
85.6
81.1
204.6
50.2
296.5
354.5
1.6
48.2
15.7
3.8
5.5
19.9
41.3
198.1
23.4
878.4
870.3
15.6
119.7
58.6
22.7
272.9
249.5
210.4
226.4
203.0
449.0
890.2
11.8
109.5
51.5
21.8
150.6
129.1
146.1
199.1
145.9
1072.7
1073.4
75.7
367.7
159.7
79.1
844.7
803.1
548.2
335.0
574.0
290.1
856.3
10.4
262.0
82.0
36.2
37.4
51.9
150.3
159.9
282.3
83.5
(*Source: National Sample Census of Agriculture, CBS, 2012)

11. (Source: National Sample Census of Agriculture, CBS, 2012)
Machinery/
Equipments used
No of
Households
%
Households
Iron ploughs 1,073,441 28.02
Power tillers 75,671 2.49
Tractor 844,700 27.86
Thresher 803,154 20.96
Pumping sets 548,203 14.31
Sprayers 574,014 14.98
Shallow tubewells 367,744 9.56
Deep tubewells 159,725 4.17
Rower pump (Dhiki) 79,145 2.06
Animal drawn cart 334,978 8.74
Other Equipments 290,084 7.57

12. Item Unit Quantity Values
(NRs 000)
Source Country
Ploughs
Disc harrows
Cultivators/harrows
Seeder/planter/transplanters
Threshers
Tractors
Reaper/harvesters
Fertilizer distributers
Combine harvesters
Cultivation machineries
Mowers
Hay making machines
Fodder balers
Cleaning, sorting and grading
Animal feed making
Grain cleaner/grader
Milking machines
Milling machineries
Pcs.
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
,,
41,610
3,952
189,974
6,408
21,358
16,693
3,557
25,827
78
8,063
51
57
27
511
176,232
24,903
207
4,541
8,884
36,773
690,670
14,872
480,053
5,838,984
44,327
2,281
66,521
2,212
609
750
1,415
4,520
323,756
378,556
6,629
529,125
China, India
India
,,
India, China
India, China, USA, Japan
China, India
,,
,,
,,
,,
China, India, Taiwan
India
India, China, Japan, Korea
China, India
Germany, Netherlands
--
China, India
China, India,Indonesia,Germ

13. 2014/15:
16693 Nos.

14. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Animal
Mechanical
Human

15. 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Female Male

16. Constitution of Nepal 2072:
PART 4 . Directive Principles, Policies and Responsibilities of the State
– Article 51. State policies:
section (e) Policies regarding agriculture and land reform:
• (1) Introducing scientific land reform by ending dual ownership of land
for the benefit of farmers.
• (2) Increasing produce and productivity through land plotting and by
discouraging absentee land ownership.
• (3) Protecting and promoting rights and interests of peasants and
utilizing the land use policy for increasing production and productivity of
agriculture and for commercialization, industrialization, diversification
and modernization of agriculture;
• (4) Making proper utilization of land through proper regulation and
management on the basis of productivity of land, its nature, and also by
maintaining environmental balance.
• (5) Making arrangements for agricultural tools and an access to market
with appropriate price for the produce.

17.  20 years strategic planning 2015-2035
 ADS approved by the Government of Nepal (GoN) on
Sunday, 26 July, 2015
 Officially launched by the Minister of Agricultural
Development on Friday, 20 November, 2015
Vision of ADS
"A self-reliant, sustainable, competitive, and
inclusive agricultural sector that drives
economic growth, and contributes to
improved livelihoods and food and nutrition
security leading to food sovereignty."
AgrilMech in Agricultural Development Strategy (ADS)

18. AgrilMech in Agricultural Development Strategy (ADS)
Agricultural Mechanization
➢Article 5.3.10 Activities related to Output 2.10 (Mechanization) on a
Range of Mechanization Options accessible to Farmers through the
Private Sector
Six components to this strategy:
❖Information dissemination
❖Improve customer access to finance
❖Capacity building of service and maintenance providers
❖Enable the business environment for leasing agricultural equip
❖Revise regulation and taxes to support mechanization
❖Pilot a voucher scheme
➢Article 7.17.2 Decentralized Research System
➢establishment of Agriculture Mechanization Centers in the terai (2), mid hills
(1), and high hills (1) within existing research centers

19. ❖ Approved by the GoN on 29th. August 2014
Vision
"To contribute national development through modernization and
commercialization in present agriculture system using agricultural
mechanization ."
Mission
"To contribute to sustainable economic development through the
agricultural mechanization and agribusiness modernization."
Goal
"To research, develop, adopt, extend, and promote of agricultural
machines & equipments to increase agricultural productivity and
make it sustainable and competitive."
Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Policy, 2071

20. Clause 9. Objective:
4 main point to achieving AgrilMech
1. To make agricultural business sustainable, competitive and commercial by
increasing productivity through suitable agricultural mechanization according
to national geographic and socio-economic conditions.
2. To enhance access of farmers/agricultural entrepreneurs on agricultural
machines and equipments through increasing agricultural mechanization
related service and business with collaboration among government,
cooperatives and private sectors.
3. To identify and promote women & environment friendly agricultural
machines & equipments.
4. To develop institutional structure for agricultural mechanization for quality
standardization, regulation, monitoring and promotion of agricultural
machines & equipments.
Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Policy, 2071

21. Government of Nepal approved the law
Combine Harvester along with baler or Straw Chopper has
to be imported for straw mgmt

22. • Agricultural Mechanization Research: crop, horticulture, livestock , and
fisheries sectors,
• Development of appropriate technologies (open drum thresher, improved
plough, plastic ponds etc) for hill agri. mechanization,
• Validation and up scaling of AED technologies,
• Conservation tillage up scaling in Terai and valley,
• Soil and water resource engg (drip, micro irrigation cum fertigation)
• Post harvest engg Research
• Survey on terai and hill mechanization
Agricultural Engineering Division (AED) under NARC
Main mandate : Research, Testing, Developing and Recommend

23. • Recommending Technologies like:
❖Zero tillage
❖improved iron plough
❖Rice weeder
❖Pedal paddy thresher
❖Coffee pulper
❖Jabs planter
❖low cost solar dryer
Agricultural Engineering Division (AED) under NARC
❖Direct seeded rice
❖Pedal rice-wheat thresher
❖Corn sheller
❖seed drill
❖fertigation system
❖low cost drip irrigations

24. Purbanchal Campus, Dharan under Institute of Engineering
(IOE), TU
▪ 48 Agricultural Engineering graduates pass
out each year
▪ Around 400 undergraduate Agril Engineers
graduate till date.

25.  Human Resource Development (HRD) for
agricultural engineer/technician –Short
term training
Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (DoAEngg)under
DoA of MoAD : Establish in 2004
Main mandate : Extension of agricultural engineering
technology, short term training, demonstration of
agril.machineries, resource center development, develop
custom hiring centers, post harvest centers and so on

26.  Agricultural Mechanization Program for Rural
Livelihood
• Basic Training for Black Smiths
• Special Training for Black Smiths
• Resource Center for Black Smiths
• Basic Training for Power Tiller Operator:
• Special Training for Power Tiller Repair and Maintenance
• Resource Center for Power Tiller Repair and Maintenance
DoAEngg

27.  Demonstration :
i. Minimum Tillage Technology:
ii. Harvesting Technology:
iii. Mini Tiller Technology:
iv. Mobile Demonstration:
DoAEngg

28.  AgrilMech Exhibition :
First National Agricultural Mechanization Exhition-2014 at Chitwan
▪ February 21-24, 2014
▪ 35 thousand visitor from 52 districts farmers, group, cooperative, policy maker,
educationist, researchers, students, NGO/INGO entrepreneurs etc
▪ 72 exhibitors, exhibiting more than 500 agri. machineries, tools, equipments etc from 16
countries
▪ Total translation was NRs. 50 millions
▪ Ad hoc committee of Nepal Agricultural Machinery Entrepreneurs Association (NAMEA)
had formed now its registered
DoAEngg

29.  AgrilMech Exhibition :
Second National Agricultural Mechanization Exhition-2016 at Kohalpur, Banke in asso with
Nepal Agricultural Machinery Entrepreneurs Association (NAMEA)
▪ March 6-10, 2016
▪ 30 thousand visitor from 40 districts farmers, group, cooperative, policy maker,
educationist, researchers, students, NGO/INGO entrepreneurs etc
▪ 100 exhibitors, exhibiting more than 1000 agri. machineries, tools, equipments etc
from 12 countries
▪ Total translation was NRs. 60 millions
DoAEngg

30.  Nepal AgrilTech 2017 :
First International Agricultural Mechanization Exhition-2017 at Bhrikuti Mandab in asso with Nepal
Agricultural Machinery Entrepreneurs Association (NAMEA) and M&S Solution Pvt. Ltd.
▪ February 17-19, 2017
▪ 50 thousand visitor from 50 districts farmers, group, cooperative, policy maker, educationist,
researchers, students, NGO/INGO entrepreneurs etc
▪ 200 Plus exhibitors, exhibiting more than 10,000 agri. machineries, tools, equipments etc from
12 countries
▪ Total translation was more NRs. 100 millions
DoAEngg

31.  Community Post Harvest Service Center:
Jhapa , Sunsari, Kavre, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Dang, Bardiya &
Kanchanpur
 Custom Hiring Center: Community Agril. Machinery and Implement
Service Center for Custom Hiring, Bara , Morang, Bardiya & Kanchanpur
Guildline of Custom Hiring Service Center Final State (Supported by IFPRI)
 Interest Subsidy:
✓ Infrastructure Development for Community Post Harvest Center: Chitwan,
Rautahat & Dhangadhi.
✓ Agril. Machinery for Community Post Harvest Center: Chitwan & Rupandehi.
✓ Small Agril. Machinery like PT, MT financed by Co-operatives, Lalitpur,
Bhaktapur, Kavre, Kathmandu
✓ Establishment of Cold Store- 7 recommanded, 22 under process.
DoAEngg

32.  Focus Program to Subsidies AgrilMech:
FY 2013/14- 29 districts out of 75
▪ 25 % -75% subsidy
▪ 448 PT, 236 MT and 344 attachments
FY 2014/15- 35 districts out of 75
▪ 25 %-Terai, 30% -Hill & 35 % Mountain subsidy
▪ 1299 PT, 1008 MT and 1288 attachments
FY 2015/16- 50 % subsidy in specialized machine for 15 Rice mission, 20 Fish
mission districts and 24 Earth Quake highly affected districts 453 PT, 514
MT and 610 attachments
FY 2016/17- 50 % subsidy in agricultural machine demand from 54 districts
17.12 Cores
DoAEngg

33. 1. Project for Agriculture Commercialization and Trade (PACT)
2. High Value Agriculture Project (HVAP)
3. Kishankolagi Unnat Biu-Bijan Karyakaram (KUBK-ISFP)
4. Agriculture and Food Security Project (AFSP)
5. Agricultural Development Project, Janakpur (ADP,J)
6. Irrigation and Water Resources Management Project (IWRMP)
7. Raising Incomes of Small and Medium Farmers Project (RISMFP)
8. Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project (CMIASP)
9. High Mountain Agri-business and Livelihood Improvement
(HIMALI) Project
10. Earth Quake Rehabilitation Program
11. Prime Minister Agricultural Modenization Project (PMAMP)
Government Project

34. 1. Samarth - Nepal Market Development Programme (NMDP)
➢ Managed by Adam Smith International (ASI), is a UK aid
➢ One of the component is AgrilMech in mid-hills and terai
➢ Working to stimulate private sector investment
➢ Conducted number of training in different mid-hill districts in
operation and maintenance of mini tiller and small business
management
➢ In Collabration with DoAEngg, importers and suppliers for better
availability of repair and maintenance services mechanics training
for Motorcycle and pump sets in PT & MT
Development Organization in AgrilMech

35. 2. Feed the Future(FtF)
➢ Implemented by International Maize and Wheat Improvement
Centre (CIMMYT Intl) under Cereal System Initiative for South
Asia in Nepal (CSISA-NP) of USAID
➢ Working in Mid and Far West region of Nepal
➢ For small holder farmer for income generation through
agriculture, conservation agriculture and AgrilMech
➢ Mandated to demonstrate and training in AgrilMech users.
➢ Planning to establish Training and Testing Center for
DoAEngg and AED supported by USAID- INDIA through
CSISA-upscaling
➢ Medium-term Earth Quake Recovery work to eight affected
districts
Development Organization in AgrilMech

36. CIMMYT Intl/CSISA-NP/USAID-Nepal
Medium-term Earth Quake Recovery work
➢ 25 April, 2015, EG of 7.8 magnitude
➢ 12 May, 2015, aftershock of 7.3 mag
➢ 8,857 dead and 21,952 injured
➢ Distributing grain storage materials and Agril Machine eight affected districts 400 mini
tillers and attachments in 90% subsidy for individual farmers and 95% subsidy for farmer
group /cooperatives
➢ Training package for basic operations.
➢ Training mechanics in local level for repair and maintenance
➢ Brief operation manual of mini tiller developed with DoAEngg & AED
Development Organization in AgrilMech

37. 3. Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP)
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) funded of USAID
Support for DoAEngg, AED and private sector NAMEA in AgrilMech
a) Training cum study visit to India for custom hiring practices
➢ At Zamindara Farm Solutions Pvt. Ltd.(ZFS), Fazilka district, Punjab
➢ 9 participant: 9th-19th August, 2015
b) Organize Workshops related to AgrilMech
➢ Interaction program on Costume and Duty in
Agricultural Machinery
Development Organization in AgrilMech

38. 3. Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP)
Capacity Building
c) Training for Trainers (ToT)
India. Central Farm Machinery Training & Testing Institute (CFMT&TI) Budni (M.P)
➢ Tractor and attached equipment for four wheel tractors
➢ 6 participant: DoAEngg, AED and private sector, 6-12 Dec, 2015
China. 8 Participant of DoAEngg, AED and private sector at
Nanjing Research Institute for
Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry
of Agriculture (NRIAM) Testing
Training on Testing of Two Wheel
tractors and attached equipment
8-16 August, 2016
Development Organization in AgrilMech

39. 3. Policy Reform Initiative Project (PRIP)
Capacity Building
d) Exposure visit
India. To Learn Custom Hiring Business
» 5 participant
» MP, Hariyana, Punjab
Development Organization in AgrilMech

40.  Past policies ignored mechanization due to fear of labour
displacement. Agriculture Policy, 2004 have not mention
AgrilMech
 Past policies such Land Act (1964), National Civil Code
(1853;1962) have encouraged land fragmentation with the
provisions of land inheritance & land ceiling resulting in
disincentives for mechanizations
 Subsistence farming, small farm size, fragmented land holding
and physical constraints of rugged and steep topography, narrow
terraces in Hills and Mountains discouraged use of machineries.
 Infrastructure, institutional capacity and capital constraint.

41. • Acute labour scarcity at peak season and high cost
of production
• Wage rate in agriculture has doubled in the last 10
years
• Increased attraction of returned youth migrant in
commercial agriculture and use of modern
machinery
• Increasing road connectivity in rural areas
resulting in use of tractors and machinery
• Very liberal import policy with tax exemption for
Agricultural Machinery
• Spill over effect from neighboring countries

42. – Government as facilitator should create enabling environment
– Custom hiring service provider should be well recognized
– Create database and monitoring
– R & D on appropriate machinery
– Easy access to credit and subsidy in bank interest
– Insurance in agricultural machines/ operators
– Mid-level AgrilMech manpower production like in other faculty civil,
electrical, mechanical
– Career development opportunity to retain mid-level technician as
other faculty working under MoAD.
– Adequate annual budget to organize more number of skill training
and establish resource center

43. – Establish training institute/vocational colleague by private
sector
– Assurance of employment opportunities to trained human
resources by govt/private sectors
– Develop adequate repair and maintenance service center
– Encourage local manufacturing of Agril Machineries
– Due realization of planners and policy makers
– Coodination among Development and Govt. Organization
– Coordination among the organization/institute involve in
AgrilMech in the SAARC regions
– Establish Training and Testing Center in all provinces
– Establish Directorate of Agricultural Engineering in all 7
Provinces

44. Small Scale Drip Irrigation Solar Lift Irrigation
(Renewable World)
Thai Jar for MUS

45. ▪Papa Pump (Hydraulic Ram)

46. ▪Barsha Pump (Spiral)
Developed by aQysta
and promoted and
implemented by
Practical Action and
distributed by NAFSeeds

47. • No-Tillage
• Minimum Tillage
• Residue Management
• Direct Seeded Rice
• Biogas (CDM), Bio briquet
and renewable energy
• Solar Pumping
• Papa & Barsha Pump

48. • Gravity Goods Rope Ways
• Cable Ways (Tow-in)

49. Seed Pocessing
Combine Harvestor

50. Automatic Rice Milling
Rotavator in operation

51. Walk Behind Rice Transplanter
Straw Collector/Streaper

52. Rice Threshing
Field Puddling

53. Minimum Tillage
Big Tractor Operated
Minimum Tillage
Walking Tractor Operated

54. Thank You
Er. Madhusudan Singh Basnyat
Email: basnyatms@ymail.com
Cell: 977-9851022899