Tm For Ptsd

1. Stress, Anxiety, and PTSD
Research and Applicable of the
Transcendental Meditation Program
Stress-Free Schools Program
Transcendental Meditation technique
703 823-6933
1

2. Chronic Stress and Children
Early experiences of stress set
responsiveness of HPA axis
Children exposed to chronic stress
become conditioned to higher levels of
adrenaline
As adults they can become “hot
reactors”
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3. The TM
technique
takes the mind
from
its active
conscious Thought starts
awareness from pure
to its deep consciousness
source in pure and develops
consciousness into conscious
awareness
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4. Physiological Indicators
of Deep Rest During TM
9
TM TM Eyes
5 Eyes Closed
Practice to During Practice
Closed Rest
(standard deviations)
Change from Before
Rest
0
Eyes
Closed
TM Rest
-5
Basal Skin Respiration Plasma
Resistance Rate Lactate
American Psychologist 42: 879-881, 1987
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5. Decreased Stress Hormone
Plasma Cortisol
6.0
5.5
Plasma Cortisol
5.0
(mcg/dl)
4.5
4.0
3.5 TM
3.0
Before During After
Hormones and Behavior 10: 54–60, 1978. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
1997;22(4):277-295 5

6. Biochemical Mechanisms of
Transcendental Meditation
TM
Reduced
Stress
More Optimum Reduced
Homeostasis
Cortisol
Increased
Serotonin
Availability
6

7. 7

8. Effectiveness in Reducing Trait Anxiety
Meta-Analysis
TM
Placebo
Other Relaxation
Relaxation Response
Other Meditation
PMR
EMG-Biofeedback
Mantra Meditation
Concentration
0 .05 1
Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1989; 45:957-974
8

9. Effectiveness in Reducing BP
Meta-Analysis
TM
Relaxation
Response
Other Systolic BP
Meditation
Diastolic BP
Bio-
feedback
All others
-5 0 5 10 15
Mm Hg
9
American Journal of Health Promotion. 1998:(5)297-298

10. Effects of TM on Blood Pressure
and Acute Stress in Adolescents
Controls
4
Systolic Blood Pressure
Systolic Blood Pressure
0
(mm Hg)
(mm Hg)
0
Controls
-4
-8
TM TM
Car driving simulation Social stressor interview
Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2001;51:597-605 10

11. Improved Psychological Outcomes
Meta-Analysis
TM
Zen
Relaxation
Response
0 .05 1
American Journal of Health Promotion. 1998:(5)297-298
11

12. Meta-Analysis of
Reduced Alcohol Abuse
0.6 (N=14) (N=number of treatment groups)
0.5
EFFECT 0.4 (N=13)
SIZE
(standard 0.3
deviation (N=11)
units)
0.2
(N=39)
(N=20)
0.1
0.0 TM Relaxation Preventive Other Driving
Programs Programs Preventive Under the
Counteracting Education Influence
Peer Influence Programs Programs
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 11: 13–87, 1994.
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13. Meta-Analysis of
Reduced Cigarette Use
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Preventive Pharma- Smoking Printed Uncon-
TM Education cological Cessation Self-help ventional
Programs Treatment Counseling Materials Treatments
Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 11: 13–87, 1994. 13

14. ADHD Results After 3 Months
Student Report
Anxious/Depressed* 53%
Somatic Complaints* 34%
Internalize Prob.* 36%
Attention Prob.* 26%
Affective Prob. 29%
Anxiety* 50%
Total Problems 24%
*Statistically significant 14

15. ADHD Results After 3 Months
Cognitive Assessment
Expressive Attention*
19%
Executive Planning and
Problem Solving*
13%
15

16. Behavior Inventory
Improvements In:
Behavior Regulation
Emotional Control
Global Executive
Functioning
Inhibiting
Initiating
Memory
Organization
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17. Decreased Hospital Admissions
Rate in All Categories of Disease
20 Other Groups
p < .00001
Admissions/1000 Members
15 TM
10
5
0
Childbirth Intestinal Nose, Heart Genital & Injuries Tumors Bones & Ill-Defined
Throat, Urinary Muscle Condition
6 Lung
0
All Mental Nervous Metabolism Infectious Other Medical Skin Congenital Blood
Disorders System Diseases Carveout
Psychosomatic Medicine. 1987; 49:493-507
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18. Core Symptom Clusters of PTSD
Core Symptoms Other Symptoms
• Re-experiencing • Insomnia
• Recurrent and intrusive • Depression
recollections
• Recurrent dreams • Anxiety
• Reliving the event • Substance abuse
• Intense distress and • Interpersonal
reactivity at exposure
to cues
problems
• Avoidance
• Numbing
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19. Decreased Symptoms of
Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome
Reduced Reduced
Reduced Reduced
Reduced Reduced
Alcohol Insomnia
Insomnia Depression
Alcohol Depression
1 Problem
Problem
Effect Size
0
TM TM TM
-1
-2
p < .001 p < .025
-3
-4
Psychotherapy
p < .005
Transcendental Meditation
Journal of Counseling and Development. 1985:(64);212-215
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20. Practice of
Transcendental Meditation
• Effortless
Easy for people of all ages
• Universal
No belief or philosophy involved
• Standard instruction
Taught by specially trained, registered teachers
• Lifetime followup
No additional cost
• Scientific validation
Over 600 research studies
• Unique style of rest
Not seen in other relaxation techniques
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