4. TRANSMISSION LINES
⢠Extra High Voltage
â 110 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV
⢠Ultra High Voltage
â 765kV
⢠High Voltage Direct Current
â Âą500kV
5. TRANSMISSION LINES
⢠Survey is the most important activitySurvey is the most important activity
⢠Best possible routeBest possible route
⢠Right of WayRight of Way
⢠Techno-Economical ProjectTechno-Economical Project
⢠Timely completion of the projectTimely completion of the project
⢠Increasing DemandIncreasing Demand
6. PRELIMINARY SURVEY AND WALK
OVER SURVEY
⢠Topographical map
⢠Bee line
⢠Identify possible routes
⢠Familiarize
⢠Indicate the feasibile routes
12. DETAILED SURVEY
⢠Fixing of Alignment
⢠Fixing of Line Points
⢠Fixing of Angles of deviation
⢠Fixing of Angle Points
⢠Fixing of Direction Points
⢠Measuring of distance between Angle Points
⢠Levels at every 10 M interval or where there is level
difference of 30 Cm
13. DETAILED SURVEY
⢠Details of Roads
⢠Details of Villages
⢠P & T Lines Crossings
⢠All Power Lines Crossings â LT to 765 kV
⢠Railway Crossings
⢠River Crossings
⢠Agricultural wells, Field bunds & Earth bunds etc.
⢠Measuring Soil resistivity at 1 Km interval
⢠Trial Pits
⢠Crop & Tree enumeration
14. DETAILED SURVEY-OBLIGATORY
POINTS
⢠Avoid
⢠Reserve Forest Area
⢠Military Firing Ranges
⢠Aerodromes
⢠Inhabited and thickly populated areas
⢠Hilly terrain
⢠Marshy, Low lying & Submersible areas
⢠Higher & 90 degrees angle turnings
⢠Oil & Gas storage areas
15. DETAILED SURVEY â CORRIDORS
⢠132 kV Line 27 M
⢠220 kV Line 35 M
⢠400 kV Line 52 M
16. DETAILED SURVEY âLINE PROFILES
⢠Graphical representation
⢠Scale
X-axis 1 Cm = 20 M
Y-axis 1 Cm = 2 M
⢠Plot Plan of Alignment of Line from AP to AP
⢠Plot Distances
⢠Plot Levels with respect to distance
17. DETAILED SURVEY âLINE PROFILES
⢠Indicate all Power Lines crossings: LT to 765 kV
⢠Indicate all P & T Lines crossings
⢠Indicate all Railway crossings
⢠Indicate all River crossings
⢠Indicate all Roads: Cart Tracks to National Highways
⢠Indicate all Villages
18. DETAILED SURVEY âLINE PROFILES
⢠Indicate all Agricultural wells
⢠Indicate all Field bunds & Earth bunds
⢠Indicate all Boulders
⢠Indicate all Ponds & Lakes
⢠Indicate type of Soil
⢠Indicate Crops & Trees
24. TOWER SPOTTING
⢠Identify the position of Terminal Tower
⢠Start from Terminal Tower
⢠Match the tower footing curve with the position of
TT
⢠Adjust the position of template
⢠Ensure Ground Clearance
⢠Identify the position of next tower
⢠Move the template to the next tower
⢠Repeat the procedure
25. TOWER SPOTTING
⢠NORMAL SPAN: It is the design span
⢠ACTUAL SPAN: It is the actual distance between
two adjacent towers
⢠NULL POINT: It is a point in a span where the
position of the conductor is lowest (or) It is a point in
a span where the sag is maximum
⢠WEIGHT SPAN: The distance between two adjacent
null points
⢠WIND SPAN: It is the distance between the two
centre points of adjacent spans
26. TOWER SPOTTING âSPAN LIMITATIONS
SPAN 132 kV 220 kV 400 kV
NORMAL SPAN 320 M 350M 400 M
WIND SPAN
Both 320 M 350 M 400 M
Single 192 M 210 M 240 M
WEIGHT SPAN
Both 400 M 450 M 600/800 M
Single 240 M 270 M 300/400 M
27. TYPE OF TOWERS
ANGLE
(in degrees)
132
kV
220
kV
400
kV
0 to 2 P A DA
2 to 15
R
B DB
15 to 30 C DC
Above 30 S D DD
28. TYPE OF TOWERS
ANGLE
(in degrees)
132
kV
220
kV
400
kV
0 to 2 K X MA
2 to 30 L Y MC
Above
30
M Z MD
34. CLEARANCES
132 kV 220 kV 400 kV
Ground Clearance 6.1 M 8.5 M 9.0 M
LT to 132 kV and
P& T Lines
3.1 M 4.6 M 5.5 M
220 kV 4.6 M 4.6 M 5.5 M
400 kV 5.5 M 5.5 M 5.5 M
35. CLEARANCES
132 kV 220 kV 400 kV
Highway Crossing 9 M 9 M 9M
Railway Crossing 14.6 M 15.4 M 17.9 M
Railway Crossing
Span (Max)
2/3 of NS 2/3 of NS 2/3 of NS
Distance between
Tower & Railway
Track (Min)
TH+6 M TH+6 M TH+6 M
36. TOWER SCHEDULES
Location
No.
Type of
Tower
Angle of
Deviation
(degrees)
Span
(M)
Left Wt.
Span
(M)
Right Wt.
Span
(M)
Total Wt.
Span (M)
Remarks
SS Boom - - - - Boom at sending end SS
70
1 TT S 35 L - 75 -
Terminal tower at sending
end SS
210
2 P - 135 150 285
300
3 R 22 R 150 130 280 Near village
280
4 P+3 - 150 125 255 33 kV Line crossing
250
37. CHECK SURVEY
⢠Marking of Tower Location
⢠Forward & Backward Line Points
⢠Pit Marking
⢠Excavation
39. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
⢠Satellite dependent
⢠Latitude & Longitude coordinates of the
position
⢠Starting coordinates and ending coordinates
⢠Map Source Software
⢠Google Earth
⢠Topo sheet can be generated
⢠Bee Line & Routes can be marked
41. TOTAL STATION
⢠Similar to Theodolite
⢠Not dependent on satellite
⢠Arbitrary Coordinates of the position
⢠Coordinates of the position obtained from GPS
⢠Alignment, Distance & Levels are recoded
simultaneously
⢠Horizontal & Vertical Angles can be recorded
42. TOTAL STATION
⢠Raw data
⢠Text
⢠Auto Plotter
⢠Auto CAD
⢠Line Profile can be generated
43. PLS CADD
⢠Data from Total Station
⢠Sag calculation data
⢠Tower Spotting
⢠2-D Model can be generated
⢠3-D Model can be generated