SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 79
ENT 
Nasopharynx 
Oropharynx 
Laryngopharynx 
Soft 
Palate 
Epiglottis 
Esophagus
Head & Neck (ENT) 
PATHOLOGY 
OTOLARYNGOLOGY 
OBJECTIVE:
Understand the common disorders of the 
upper airway and upper digestive tract (i.e., 
head and neck) in the usual context of: 
DEGENERATIVE, 
INFLAMMATORY, 
and 
NEOPLASTIC 
…deviations of normal anatomy and histology
ETIOLOGY 
PATHOGENESIS 
MORPHOLOGY 
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
EVERYTHING that 
touches AIR 
(columnar) or 
FOOD 
(squamous) in the 
HEAD/NECK 
region 
ORAL CAVITY 
“UPPER” RESPIRATORY TRACT 
EARS 
NOSE 
SALIVARY GLANDS
ORAL CAVITY 
• TEETH/GINGIVA/ALVEOLAR BONE 
• INFLAMMATORY/”REACTIVE” 
LESIONS 
• INFECTIONS: HSV, VIRAL, FUNGI 
• LEUKOPLAKIA/”HAIRY” 
LEUKOPLAKIA 
• SQUAMOUS TUMORS: BEN/MALIG 
• ODONTOGENIC CYSTS/TUMORS
“UPPER” AIRWAYS 
• NOSE: Inflammation, Tumors 
• NASOPHARYNX: Inflammation, 
Tumors 
• PARANASAL SINUSES: 
Inflammation, Tumors 
• LARYNX: Inflammation, Tumors
EARS 
• DEGENERATION: 
OTOSCLEROSIS 
• INFLAMMATION: 
• NEOPLASMS:
NECK 
• BRANCHIAL (cleft) CYST 
• THYROGLOSSAL (duct/tract) CYST 
• PARAGANGLIOMA (Carotid Body 
Tumor)
SALIVARY GLANDS 
• DEGENERATION: Xerostomia 
• INFLAMMATION 
• NEOPLASMS 
–BENIGN: Pleomorphic Adenoma (aka, 
“Mixed” Tumor), Warthin Tumor 
–MALIGNANT: (Mucoepidermoid, 
Adenoid Cystic, Adenocarcinomas)
Tooth Decay (Cavities, “Caries”) 
• “Processed” carbohydrates, i.e., 
sugars 
• Bacterial (Strep. mutans, lactobacilli) 
acidic erosion of enamel 
• Role of pH, spacing, brushing, Fl 
• Tartarplaquecalculus = 
bacteria, proteins, cells
Periodontal Disease 
• Bacteria 
–Actinobacillus 
–Porphyromonas 
–Prevotella 
• Gingiva, periodontal ligaments, 
bone, cementum
“Irritation” Fibroma
PYOGENIC 
GRANULOMA
“Canker” sore = Aphthous ulcer
TZANCK SMEAR
Arnault Tzanck, Russian dermatologist, 1886-1954
“Hairy” leukoplakia
NORMAL DYSPLASIA CARCINOMA-IN-SITUINFILTRATING MALIGNANCY
WELL 
MODERATE 
POOR
ODONTOGENIC 
CYSTS/TUMORS 
• INFLAMMATORY CYSTS 
• DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS 
(DENTIGEROUS most common) 
• MALIGNANT TUMORS of 
ODONTOGENIC ORIGIN 
(AMELOBLASTOMAS) (rare)
DENTIGEROUS 
CYST
Rhinitis/Sinusitis 
• Very often allergic, a swab showing 
many eosinophils may prove this 
• Very often associated with URI’s in 
general, usually viral 
• Just about every organism 
imaginable has been implicated at 
one time or another, bacteria, virus, 
fungus, etc.
NOSE/SINUS/NASOPHARYNX 
“TUMORS” 
• “Polyps”---really NOT a tumor 
• Angiofibroma 
• Papilloma 
• Plasmacytoma 
• Neuroblastoma 
• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
INFLAMMATORY “POLYPS” OF NASAL CAVITY 
The INFLAMMATION/NEOPLASM LINK?
“NECROTIZING” 
Upper Airway Lesions 
• “WEGENER” Granulomatosis 
• “Lethal” Midline Granuloma
PAPILLOMA “INVERTED” PAPILLOMA
ANGIOFIBROMA
PLASMACYTOMA
NEUROBLASTOMA 
(OLFACTORY) 
ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA 
ROSETTE
NASOPHARYNGEAL 
CARCINOMA
LARYNGITIS
POLYPS 
PAPILLOMAS 
CARCINOMAS
The Tympanic Cavity 
Chorda 
Tympani N. 
(CN VII) 
Tendon of 
Tensor 
Tympani M. 
(V3) 
Incus 
Tendon of 
Stapedius M. 
(CN VII) 
Stapes 
Cut edge of tympanum Malleus
CERUMEN CAST
OTOSCLEROSIS
ZELLBALLEN 
CAROTID BODY TUMOR 
“balls of cells” 
“zellballen”
NORMAL 
ACUTE SIALADENITIS 
CHRONIC SIALADENITIS
MUCOCELE
P 
A 
R 
O 
T 
I 
D
Most Common SALIVARY 
Gland Tumors 
• BENIGN 
– “PLEOmorphic adenoma, i.e., “MIXED” 
tumor” 
– Warthin Tumor (PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA 
LYMPHOMATOSUM) 
• MALIGNANT 
– All are adenocarcinomas. Why? 
– Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 
– Adenoid cystic carcinoma
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA 
i.e., MIXED TUMOR
PAPILLARY CYSTADENOMA LYMPHOMATOSUM 
Better known as: WARTHIN TUMOR
MUCOEPIDERMOID 
CARCINOMA
ADENOID CYSTIC 
CARCINOMA

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Ears, Nose,Mouth,Throat
Ears, Nose,Mouth,ThroatEars, Nose,Mouth,Throat
Ears, Nose,Mouth,Throat
Frank Smith
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Examination of nose
Examination of noseExamination of nose
Examination of nose
 
Congenital anomalies of the larynx
Congenital anomalies of the larynxCongenital anomalies of the larynx
Congenital anomalies of the larynx
 
Congenital lesions of larynx
Congenital lesions of larynx Congenital lesions of larynx
Congenital lesions of larynx
 
Presentation Mdc Pulmo
Presentation Mdc PulmoPresentation Mdc Pulmo
Presentation Mdc Pulmo
 
Congenital lesions of larynx and Stridor in Neonates
Congenital lesions of larynx and Stridor in NeonatesCongenital lesions of larynx and Stridor in Neonates
Congenital lesions of larynx and Stridor in Neonates
 
Paranasal Sinuses
Paranasal SinusesParanasal Sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses
 
Disease of the Pharynx
Disease of the PharynxDisease of the Pharynx
Disease of the Pharynx
 
Nasal Polyps: etiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,management
Nasal Polyps: etiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,managementNasal Polyps: etiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,management
Nasal Polyps: etiology,pathogenesis,clinical features,management
 
Adenoids
AdenoidsAdenoids
Adenoids
 
Ears, Nose,Mouth,Throat
Ears, Nose,Mouth,ThroatEars, Nose,Mouth,Throat
Ears, Nose,Mouth,Throat
 
Radiology in ent
Radiology in entRadiology in ent
Radiology in ent
 
Diseases of external nose
Diseases of external noseDiseases of external nose
Diseases of external nose
 
Anatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
Anatomy of Paranasal SinusesAnatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
Anatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
 
Ent part ii
Ent part iiEnt part ii
Ent part ii
 
Physiology of pharynx
Physiology of pharynxPhysiology of pharynx
Physiology of pharynx
 
Congenital lesions of larynx and stridor management
Congenital lesions of larynx and stridor managementCongenital lesions of larynx and stridor management
Congenital lesions of larynx and stridor management
 
Tympanic membrane dr. fadil
Tympanic membrane  dr. fadilTympanic membrane  dr. fadil
Tympanic membrane dr. fadil
 
Tumours of nose and pns
Tumours of nose and pnsTumours of nose and pns
Tumours of nose and pns
 
Salivary glands
Salivary glandsSalivary glands
Salivary glands
 
Abscesses of pharynx
Abscesses of pharynxAbscesses of pharynx
Abscesses of pharynx
 

Andere mochten auch

10.child diseases
10.child diseases10.child diseases
10.child diseases
Reach Na
 
5.genetics
5.genetics5.genetics
5.genetics
Reach Na
 
11 vessels
11 vessels11 vessels
11 vessels
Reach Na
 
9.envir nutri
9.envir nutri9.envir nutri
9.envir nutri
Reach Na
 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Reach Na
 
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive systemMale reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Reach Na
 
21 lower ut
21 lower ut21 lower ut
21 lower ut
Reach Na
 
8 infectious
8 infectious8 infectious
8 infectious
Reach Na
 
25 endocrine
25 endocrine25 endocrine
25 endocrine
Reach Na
 
Urinary system
Urinary systemUrinary system
Urinary system
Reach Na
 
Lecture2 epitel
Lecture2 epitelLecture2 epitel
Lecture2 epitel
Reach Na
 
Lecture10 skin
Lecture10 skinLecture10 skin
Lecture10 skin
Reach Na
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

skin
skinskin
skin
 
10.child diseases
10.child diseases10.child diseases
10.child diseases
 
1 cell
1 cell1 cell
1 cell
 
2 inflam
2 inflam2 inflam
2 inflam
 
5.genetics
5.genetics5.genetics
5.genetics
 
11 vessels
11 vessels11 vessels
11 vessels
 
9.envir nutri
9.envir nutri9.envir nutri
9.envir nutri
 
6.immune
6.immune6.immune
6.immune
 
Chapter 12
Chapter 12Chapter 12
Chapter 12
 
Male reproductive system
Male reproductive systemMale reproductive system
Male reproductive system
 
21 lower ut
21 lower ut21 lower ut
21 lower ut
 
22 male
22 male22 male
22 male
 
8 infectious
8 infectious8 infectious
8 infectious
 
25 endocrine
25 endocrine25 endocrine
25 endocrine
 
Urinary system
Urinary systemUrinary system
Urinary system
 
18 liver
18 liver18 liver
18 liver
 
Ent 00 march 22
Ent 00  march 22Ent 00  march 22
Ent 00 march 22
 
Lecture2 epitel
Lecture2 epitelLecture2 epitel
Lecture2 epitel
 
3 regen
3 regen3 regen
3 regen
 
Lecture10 skin
Lecture10 skinLecture10 skin
Lecture10 skin
 

Ähnlich wie 16 ent

Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-entMinarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
Elsa von Licy
 
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
Troy Pennington
 
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
Dr.Hala Radhi
 
Lesion of the upper respiratory tract
Lesion of the upper respiratory tractLesion of the upper respiratory tract
Lesion of the upper respiratory tract
Tty Lim
 
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-giMinarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
Elsa von Licy
 

Ähnlich wie 16 ent (20)

Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-entMinarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch16-ent
 
15 lung
15 lung15 lung
15 lung
 
Wheezing and noisy breathing seminar
Wheezing and noisy breathing seminarWheezing and noisy breathing seminar
Wheezing and noisy breathing seminar
 
Pneumonia - Classification & Etiology
Pneumonia - Classification & EtiologyPneumonia - Classification & Etiology
Pneumonia - Classification & Etiology
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Tonsillitis
TonsillitisTonsillitis
Tonsillitis
 
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
Michael Kulczycki, DO- Infectious Disease Board Review 2014- ARMC Emergency M...
 
Rsd
RsdRsd
Rsd
 
approch to patient with Sore throat
approch to patient with Sore throatapproch to patient with Sore throat
approch to patient with Sore throat
 
Nasal polyposis
Nasal polyposisNasal polyposis
Nasal polyposis
 
Bronchial asthma in children
Bronchial asthma in childrenBronchial asthma in children
Bronchial asthma in children
 
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent pptNasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt
Nasal polypi otorhinolaryngology types etiology management ent ppt
 
management of foreign body inhalation and bronchoscopy in children
management of foreign body inhalation and bronchoscopy in childrenmanagement of foreign body inhalation and bronchoscopy in children
management of foreign body inhalation and bronchoscopy in children
 
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
acute and chronic laryngeal inflammation
 
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx
Acute and chronic inflammations of larynx
 
Lesion of the upper respiratory tract
Lesion of the upper respiratory tractLesion of the upper respiratory tract
Lesion of the upper respiratory tract
 
MYCOLOGY-MUCORMYCOSIS, ASPERGILLOSIS, CANDIDIASIS
MYCOLOGY-MUCORMYCOSIS, ASPERGILLOSIS, CANDIDIASISMYCOLOGY-MUCORMYCOSIS, ASPERGILLOSIS, CANDIDIASIS
MYCOLOGY-MUCORMYCOSIS, ASPERGILLOSIS, CANDIDIASIS
 
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-giMinarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
Minarcik robbins 2013_ch17-gi
 
Diseases of oral cavity
Diseases of oral cavityDiseases of oral cavity
Diseases of oral cavity
 
Pediatric crs complications final
Pediatric crs complications finalPediatric crs complications final
Pediatric crs complications final
 

Mehr von Reach Na

19 pancreas
19 pancreas19 pancreas
19 pancreas
Reach Na
 
7.neoplasm
7.neoplasm7.neoplasm
7.neoplasm
Reach Na
 
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
Reach Na
 

Mehr von Reach Na (15)

Chapter 9
Chapter 9Chapter 9
Chapter 9
 
Chapter 7
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Chapter 7
 
Chapter 6
Chapter 6Chapter 6
Chapter 6
 
27 ortho
27 ortho27 ortho
27 ortho
 
26 skin
26 skin26 skin
26 skin
 
24 breast
24 breast24 breast
24 breast
 
23 female
23 female23 female
23 female
 
20 kidney
20 kidney20 kidney
20 kidney
 
19 pancreas
19 pancreas19 pancreas
19 pancreas
 
17 gi
17 gi17 gi
17 gi
 
14 wbc
14 wbc14 wbc
14 wbc
 
13 rbc
13 rbc13 rbc
13 rbc
 
12 heart
12 heart12 heart
12 heart
 
7.neoplasm
7.neoplasm7.neoplasm
7.neoplasm
 
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
4. hemodyn disorders,thrombosis, shock
 

16 ent