D. Fitzgibbons

1. Organ Cloning By: Deirdre Fitzgibbons Ms. Martinez Period 8

2. Genetics How are traits controlled by dominant and recessive alleles? Traits are controlled by dominant and recessive alleles by individual alleles control in the inheritance of traits. Some alleles are dominant, while other alleles are recessive. Dominant allele- is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present Recessive allele- is a masked, or covered up, whenever the dominant allele is present How are traits controlled with co-dominant alleles? The traits are controlled by co-dominant alleles byin co-dominance the alleles are neither dominant or recessive. As a result neither allele is masked in the offspring. Explain how the alleles of two parents combine to express traits in offspring? A Punnett Square will show how the alleles of two parent will combine and make an offspring.

3. Human Genome Project When did the project start and how did scientists hope to use this information (what were the goals in the beginning)? The project started in the 1990’s. The main goals of the Human Genome Project is to identify the DNA Sequence of every gene in the human genome. Genome- is all the DNA in one cell of an organism. What are the implications of the Human Genome Project in regards to Ethical, legal and social implications? “Ethical issues are generally defined as those raising questions concerning what is moral or right. Legal issues are those concerning the protections that laws or regulations should provide. Social issues are concerned with how events may affect society as a whole and individuals in society.” http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/prb0008-e.htm#D.%20Ethical,%20Legal%20and%20Social%20Implications%20of%20the%20Human%20Genome%20Project%28txt%29

4. Human Genome Project How did the human genome project change current laws such as the GINA http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/legislat.shtml “By protecting Americans from being treated unfairly because of differences in their DNA that may affect their health. The new law prevents discrimination from health insurers and employers.”http://www.genome.gov/10002328#al-3

5. Disorders Compare and contrast the three different types of genetic disorders: Single gene disorders are caused by a defect of a certain gene in a persons DNA, their usually hereditary. An example is cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia.Chromosome abnormality- there are 2 kinds of abnormalities One is the Numerical Abnormalities that is when the individual is missing either a chromosome from a pair that is (usually called monosomy) or has more than two chromosomes of a pair ( that is usually called trisomy) trisomy 21 is down syndrome because there are 3 of the 21’sAnother is the Structural Abnormalities that is when the chromosome’s structure is altered, a piece could be missing or some of it could be duplicated or some could of bin broken off, turned upside down and reattached. Multifactorial Disorders- one caused by interaction of genetic and sometimes also nongenetic, environmetal factors example is diabetes mellitus

6. Disorders How are Karyotypes used to predict genetic disorders?A normal human karyotype has 46 chromosomes: 23 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomesWhat happens when a person has different, such as : too many or too few chromosomes missing pieces of chromosomes mixed up pieces of chromosomes http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/predictdisorder/

7. Genetic Disorders How can genetic counseling help prespective parents who gave genetic disorders regarding future children? It can help by they can tell you if your child is going to have a disease or if there is going to be something wrong with them. Also if a test comes back abnormal then the let you go in and they tell you what it means.

8. Argument 1 For it- I am for it because if you are on a waiting list for an organ you could be on that for years but if you do the organ cloning you probably wouldn’t have to wait that long. Also it probably would not cost as much.

9. Argument 2 For it-I am for it because my friends dad needs a kidney and he has been waiting for a kidney for years and he has to go and get dialysis 3 times a week for many hours through out the day.This could help him and he would get a kidney so much faster because of the cloning.

10. Argument 4 For it-I am for it because people with diabetes they could get a pancreas so they would not have to check their blood sugar through the day. Also they would not have to give them self a shot of insulin.

11. Argument 3 For it-I am for it because it could also save lives and help extend them too. By replacing a bad organ such as a cancerous lung and putting a new one in it would be making the person more likely to live a little longer.Even if it does not last as long they would have like too still they would of lived longer than if they did with their old organ.

12. Conclusion In conclusion I have learned that even though I am for Organ Cloning I can still understand why people are against it, because what happens if the organ fails. I have learned a lot about the Human Genome Project. It is very interesting how you can find out in you are more or less at risk for certain diseases or disorders. That is what I have learn about in my research for my project.

13. Work Cited The science text book- Cells and Heredity http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml http://www.reproductivegenetics.com/single_gene.html http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/legislat.shtml http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/predictdisorder/http://www.genome.gov/11508982http://www.reproductivegenetics.com/single_gene.html