APP

1. Asia Pacific Partnership on Clean
Development & Climate
Brown Coal ( Lignite ) Best Practices
Work Shop
India - Country Perspective
23-27 th June2008

2. THE INDIAN DELEGATION
 NTPC Delegates :
 I.K.Rajdeva, Additional General Manager, NTPC Ltd.
 A.Nagasundaram, Dy. Gen. Manager, NTPC Ltd.
 Saju K Sebastian, Dy. Gen. Manager, NTPC Ltd.
 P.S.Chatterjee, Chief Design Engineer, NTPC Ltd.
 CESC Delegates :
 Souvik Dutta, Station Manager, Southern generating Station, CESC Ltd .
 Kushal Bhowmick, Senior Manager ( Environment), CESC Ltd.

3. Robust Economic Growth – THE DRIVER
 THE GDP GREW AT 9.6% DURING FISCAL 2007,
AVERAGE RATE OF GROWTH OVER LAST 4 YEARS IS
8.6%.
 GDP GROWTH DURING 2008-09 IS EXPECTED TO BE
around 9%.
 GDP GROWTH TARGET OF 9% SET BY GOVT. DURING
XI PLAN (2007-2012).
 ELECTRICITY IS AN IMPORTANT INPUT TO THE MARCH
OF PROGRESS OF ANY COUNTRY TODAY.
 IT IS THEREFORE NATURAL THAT THE GROWTH IN
ELECTRICITY GENERATION & AVAILABILITY, BE
COMMENSURATE WITH GROWTH IN GDP.

4. Existing Generating Capacity- March 2008
Fuel wise break-up
(MW)
(Excluding captive capacity of 14636 MW connected to grid)
Thermal 92,426 63.8%
Hydro 36,033 24.9%
Nuclear 4,120 2.8%
Renewable 12,194 8.5%
TOTAL 144,773 100.0%
Sector wise break-up (MW)
State
Sector
52%
Private
Sector
14%
Central
Sector
34%
Total generation in 2007-08 – 704.45 BU
(All figures provisional from CEA)

5. ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR (%)
- COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER STATIONS
5
7
.
1
7
7
.
0
3
7
8
.
6
1
7
4
.
3
5
3
.
2
7
4
.
8
7
2
.
7
7
2
.
2
6
9
.
9
6
9
6
7
.
3
6
4
.
6
6
4
.
7
6
4
.
4
6
3
6
0
6
1
5
5
.
3
5
3
.
9
5
6
.
5
5
5
5
6
.
5
5
2
.
4
48
53
58
63
68
73
78
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-2000
2000-01
2000-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
YEARS
PLF
(%)

6. Energy Shortage
507
523
546
559
591
631
691
737
467
483
498
519
548
579
624
665
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
REQUIREMENT AVAILABILITY
7.8%
7.5%
8.8% 7.1%
7.3%
8.3%
9.6%
DURING 2007-08, PEAKING SHORTAGES WERE 16.6%
9.8%

7. Per capita Consumption remains low
2,701
14,240
8,459
7,442
6,425
2,340
1,684
1,465
618
665
WorldAverage
USA
Japan
Germany
Russia
Brazil
China
Egypt
India
In
2006
Figures in kwh
Source: UNDP Human Development Report 2007-08 – Data for 2004
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY
TARGETS PER CAPITA
AVAILABILITY OF 1000 KWH BY
2012

8. Projected Capacity Requirements
2007 2012 2022 2032
Source: Integrated Energy Policy GOI
132 GW
220 GW
425 GW
778 GW
Large Capacity addition required to meet the
demand

9. CAPACITY ADDITION EXPECTED DURING 11th PLAN
(2007-12) (Conventional) – 78,520 MW
Thermal – 59,513MW
( Coal – 51,890 MW, Gas- 5343 MW, Lignite- 2280 MW)
Additional capacity expected : New Renewables – 14,000 MW
: Captive – 12,000 MW
NUCLEAR,
3,380MW, 4%
THERMAL,
59,5130MW,
75%
HYDRO,
15,627MW,
21%

10. 11TH PLAN PROGRAMME (2007-2012)
(Thermal+Hydro+Nuclear)
 Proposed : 78,577 MW
 Expected : 78,520MW
 9,263 MW capacity already commissioned
 60,214 MW (77%) under construction
 10,950 MW - Letter of awards yet to be placed
 Fuel Availability for 96% of coal based stations – tied up
 88% hydro capacity under construction /commissioned
 All gas based projects under execution or gas tied up from
local sources
 Additional 13,000 MW gas based projects identified –
subject to gas availability

11.  Installed Capacity (as on 31.03.2008)- 11125 MW
 11th Plan target- 14,000 MW consisting of
• Wind Power - 10,500 MW
• Biomass Power
Baggasse
Co-generation - 2,100 MW
• Small Hydro
(up to 25 MW) - 1,400 MW
11TH PLAN PROGRAMME
NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY PLANTS

12. CAPACITY ADDITION DURING XIITH PLAN
(2012 - 2017)
PLAN TOTAL
CAPACITY
ADDITION
PLANNED
(MW)
THERMAL
(MW)
HYDRO
(MW)
NUCLEAR
(MW)
XIITH 82200 40200 30000 12000

13. NATIONAL THERMAL POWER
CORPORATION LTD.
- A PROFILE
Energy Efficiency
GOVERNMENT’S STRAGTEGY / INITIATIVE
FOR EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
Setting the Scene today for a future-
oriented Sustainable Energy production

14. INDIA’s ENERGY PROGRAMS AND POLICIES
 Improving energy efficiency
 Promoting Hydro and renewable energy
 Power sector Reforms
 Promotion of Clean coal technology
 Energy infrastructure Development
 Coal Washing
 Environmental Quality Management

15. DRIVERS FOR HIGHER PLANT
EFFICIENCY
 Demand of power is set to grow with growing economy
 Large capacity needs to be added to meet the projected
growth in demand
 With Electricity Act 2003 coming into vogue, the power
market is set to attract a lot of investors and competition
 With tariff based bidding becoming a norm, utilities have to
bring down their cost of generation to remain competitive
 Increased emphasis on Environmental considerations for
clean technology
 CDM opportunities arising out of global warming concerns
 Fuel, Land & Water availability becoming more and more
difficult
 Efficiency enhancement feasible in future plants as well as
existing plants

16. Major Initiatives ……
 Improvement in efficiency and performance of existing
generating units through :
 Renovation and Modernisation schemes with emphasis on Energy
Efficiency
 Partnership in excellence.
 Establishment of Energy Efficiency cells at thermal power stations ( 37
cells in operation)
 Energy Conservation through legislation
 Thermal Power Stations notified as Designated consumers
 Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
 15,627 MW Capacity of Hydro Power planned in XIth Plan
 30,000 MW Capacity of Hydro Power planned in XIIth Plan
 Retiring 5000 MW old capacity with low efficiency in 11th Plan

17. Energy Conservation Act 2003 (EC Act)
 Designated Consumers Notified
 Thermal Power Station
 Appoint Energy Manager
 Get Energy Audits conducted by Accredited Energy Auditors
 Implement techno-economic viable recommendations given by
Accredited Energy Auditor
 Comply with norms of specific energy consumption fixed
 Submit report on steps taken
Major Initiatives …..

18.  Adoption of Clean Coal Technologies
– Supercritical / Ultra supercritical Technology
– Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC)
– Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
Suitable for Indian Coal
 Presently Working to develop a Demonstration
Project for IGCC along with suitable Partner,
development of core technologies for gasifier & Gas
cleaning systems suitable for High Ash Indian Coal.
Major Initiatives……

19.  Ultra Mega Power Projects(4000MW capacity)
based on Supercritical Technology at various
pithead and coastal locations. Envisaging
Mandatory Higher size thermal units (660/800
MW) with Supercritical Parameters.
 It is estimated to commission
 10 Nos. units of 660MW (XIth Plan)
 2 Nos. units of 800MW (XIth Plan)
 12 Nos. units of 660MW (XIIth Plan)
 31 Nos. units of 800MW (XIIth Plan)
Major Initiatives …..

20. • Supercritical Units of 660 MW Rating under construction
• Supercritical Units of 800 MW Rating with higher steam
temperature conditions under consideration
Parameter 660MW 800MW
Main Steam
Pressure Kg/cm2
247 247
Main Steam
Temperature oC
535/565 565
Reheat
Temperature oC
565/593 593
Major Initiatives …..

21. The Efficiency Roadmap
247/537/565
(660 MW)
170/537/537
(500 MW)
‘02 ‘07 ‘22
‘17
‘12
Xth
Plan
XIth
Plan
XIIth
Plan
XIIIth
Plan
‘00
247/565/593
(660/800 MW)
280/600/620
(800-1000 MW)
320/600/620
(800-1000 MW)
Gross
Efficiency,
GCV
Basis
38%
39%
43%
42%
41%
40%

22. Lower Plant Efficiency in India
The reported efficiency of Indian power plants
is generally lower as compared to efficiency of
plants abroad, primarily due to :
• Poorer condenser vacuum due to hot climatic
conditions
• Higher unburnt carbon losses in boiler due to low
grade high ash Indian coal
• Efficiency is reported on HHV basis of coal (same
as the practice followed in USA) as against LHV
used elsewhere.
Typical variation due to above = 3.0 to 4.0 % points (Approx.)

23. Heatrate Improvement over the Years

24.  Member of Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum
(CSLF)
 Participating in FutureGen Project of USA
 275 MW coal fired Zero Emission power plant
 India contributing US$10 Million
 Participating in Asia Pacific Partnership (APP) for Clean
Development and Climate
 The Indian Project Proposals in the TF Action plan
 Inputs like case studies & contact details of experts in areas of
India’s interest.
 Work on Efficiency improvement of two thermal power
plants namely Ropar and Kolaghat thermal Power station
already started with support of USAID.
Major Initiatives Contd …..

25.  Mapping of Thermal Power Stations under
Indo-German Programme
 33 thermal units mapped ( 31 thermal stations)
 85 Thermal Power Stations targeted
 Energy Conservation Awards
 National Award for improving performance
of Thermal Power Stations
 Awards for reducing T & D losses.
Major Initiatives …..

26. Efficiency Improvement through
Renovation and Modernization
A COST EFFECTIVE APPROACH ……
CONTINUE GETTING THE BEST OUT OF EXISTING FLEET

27. NEED FOR R&M – EXISTING UNITS
 Improvement in performance parameters – PLF,
Availability, heat rate/efficiency, auxiliary power
consumption, partial loading & forced outage.
 Restore derated capacity
 Extension of economic life.
 Obsolescence & non availability of spares (eg C&I)
 Environmental issues/other statutory requirements.
 Safety requirements.

28.  A large number of 200/250 MW & some 500 MW Units are in operation
for more than 15/20 years and have considerable potential for life
extension & efficiency improvement
POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY
INTEGRATED R&M
Total No. of
Units
Nos. of Units as potential
Candidate
Age >15 years >20 years
200/210 MW Units
(LMZ design)
53 -- 53
200/210 MW units
(KWU design)
88 37 12
500 MW units 35 12 2

29. FUTURE APPROACH TOWARDS R&M
 Shift in focus from ‘Generation Maximization to ‘Plant
Performance Optimization’ – Older units have many
more opportunities to reduce heat rate than newer
units.
 Retirement of very old small size low efficiency units
and replacement with higher efficiency units.
 Use of high end technology solutions for efficiency
enhancement to manage rising costs & reduce carbon,
foot prints, e.g.,
Steam flow path modification
Steam turbine and boiler upgrades
Improved plant control

30. FUTURE APPROACH TOWARDS R&M …
 Additionality in efficiency improvement
 Efficiency improvement as a result of normal
R&M, aims at to minimising losses ( to
approach design values)
 Efficiency improvement through technology
intervention/enhanced R&M, targeting efficiency
enhancement even beyond design value.

31. Parameters For Performance
Monitoring
 Unit Heat Rate
 Unit Auxiliary Power consumption
 Unit Specific secondary fuel oil
consumption
 Unit Specific coal consumption
 Plant Load Factor (PLF)
 Planned Maintenance, Forced outage and
Operating availability

32. Projects for the Task Force
Sl. No. Project Title Proposing Country
1 Best Practices for Power Generation Activity Plan USA, JAPAN, KOREA
2 Best Practices for Transmission and Distribution Activity Plan USA
3 Best Practices for Demand Side Management Activity Plan USA
4 Energy Regulatory & Market Development Forum AUSTRALIA
5 Trade Exhibitions/Conferences and Trade Missions USA
6 Hydroelectric Generation Best Practices USA
7 Combustion Optimization in Coal Based Power Plants INDIA
8 Implementation of Artificial Intelligent Soot Blowing System for Improving the
Steam Generator Efficiency by Increasing the Effectiveness of Soot Blowers.
INDIA
9 SOx Reduction Technologies in Flue Gas INDIA
10 Risk Evaluation and Prioritization (REAP) for Maintenance and Renovation &
Modernization (R&M) of Power Plants
INDIA
11 Life Extension & Remaining Life Assessment Of Power Plants INDIA
12 Site visit of energy conservation and environment protection technology—
Application of Plasma Ignition Technology in Power generation
CHINA
13 Generator Transformer Programs (Inspection Procedures, Diagnostic Tools and
Maintenance)
INDIA

33. Highest ever utilisation of Fly Ash a testimony to ecology
preservation
0.3
3.0
3.7
5.7
7.5
12.7
19.6
22.3
0
5
10
15
20
25
1991-92 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
Ash
Utilisation
in
Million
tonnes
Fly Ash Utilization Record – NTPC
AS A SAMPLE CASE ONLY

34. Afforestation Efforts – A Priority for
sustenance of HUMANITY!!
Forest Banks concept
NTPC has created a Green wealth of 18.2
Million Trees by Summer 2007
Plantation of 1.25 Million trees around
Ramagundam Project has resulted in
Summer Peak temperature reduction
by 3 deg C
Ash Mound Reclamation and Dry ash
disposal system