Presentation at the Council of Water Managers Dinner Meeting on October 19th, 2010.
Over the last couple years, I have been fortunate to be living in Australia while designing and building one of the largest recycled water plants in the world. During my stay in Australia, I was also managing a design team out of Singapore which required me to make frequent trips to Singapore. Thus I was able to observe the water management policies and programs in these two countries. By bringing these ideas to you, my aim is to promote a healthy discussion on opportunities here in San Diego County.
Australia And Singapore - How are they dealing with water problems?
1. Singapore and Australia
How are they dealing with water problems?
Soma Bhadra, PE
www.consult-proteus.com
(858) 353 2805
2. Water Crisis
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 2
Population
Growth
Climate Change
Economic
Stress
San Diego
County
AustraliaSingapore
3. Comparison
USA Australia Singapore San Diego
Area (sq. mi.) 3,794,101 2,941,300 274.2 4,526
Population (million) 310.4 22.5 5.1 3.2
Population Density (/sq. mi.) 83 7.3 17,275 712
GDP $14.3 T $1.2 T $177.1 B $169.3 B
Purchasing power per capita $46,381 $38,910 $52,840 $46,800
Quality of Life Index (rank) 13 6 11 -
Geography Varied Flat 63 islands Varied
Climate Varied Desert Tropical rainforest Varied
Government Constitutional
republic
Constitutional
monarchy
Parliamentary
republic
-
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 3
4. Singapore
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 4
•Agreement with
Malaysia expiring
•Small and densely
populated
Problem:
•Catchment
reservoirs
•NEWater
•Imported Water
•Desalinated Water
Solution:
“Four
National
Taps”
6. Marina Barrage
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 6
600 acre reservoir
1,150 ft. barrage
•Nine 100 ft. long hydraulic steel
crest gates
•Drainage pump station (6.3BGD)
Visitor Center
13MW power station
Green Building
7. Deep Tunnel Sewage System
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 7
S$3.7B, 150 miles Sewer System
Link Sewers - 40 mi., 30 - 100 ft. deep, installed by
trenchless methods
Phase 1: North Tunnel System
•North Tunnel: 24 mi., 12 - 20 ft. dia., 70 – 170 ft. deep
•Spur Tunnel: 6 mi., 12 ft. dia., 75 – 140 ft. deep
•Eight Tunnel Boring Machines, Six DB contracts
•Two deep sea 3 mi. outfalls, 135 ft. deep
Phase 2: South Tunnel, 12.5 mi., 13 – 17 ft. dia, 65
– 128 ft. deep
8. Changi WRP
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 8
•100 ft. dia., 25 storeys
deep
•One coarse screen,
two pump shafts
•5 pumps in each
pump shaft
Pump
station
•WWTP + roof-top WRP
•176 MGD plant on 80
acres
•Produces NEWater
•Discharges to deep
ocean, NP Reuse, IPR
Changi
WRP
9. NEWater
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 9
MF/UF, RO, UV disinfection
Four plants (90 MGD)– Bedok, Kranji,
Seletar, Ulu Pandan, Changi
Non Potable applications in
manufacturing processes
Indirect Potable Reuse (IPR) – 3% DW
Education campaign, Visitor’s center
Quality criteria – 239 parameters
tested, some overseas
10. Desalination
Tuas1 – S$200M
•30MGD in 2005
•Meet 10% water need
Tuas2
•70MGD awarded Jul 10
•25 yr. DBOO
Future
•5 coastal plants
•220MGD total capacity
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 10
Conservation
•43gpcd (2003)
•40gpcd (2009)
•37gpcd (2030)
13. Integrated Water Resource Planning
National Water Initiative (NWI)
•2004
•Aimed to increase efficiency of water use
•Intergovernmental agreement signed
•Focus on Total Water Management
Australian Government Water Fund
•Water Smart Australia (AUD 1.6B)
•Community Water Grants (AUD $200M)
•Raising National Water Standards (AUD $200M)
States manage local water resources
Change from 07-08 to 08-09
Capital expenditure up by 80% ( $4.5B to $8.1B)
Recycling up by 7.3%
Conservation – residential use down by 19%
Consumer bills up by 10%
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 13
Desalination
Water
treatment -
Dams
Managed
Aquifer
Recharge
Indirect
Potable Reuse
Non Potable
Reuse
Rainwater
Harvesting
Conservation
14. Queensland
SEQ Water Strategy – Jul. 10
Desalination will underpin
future water security
Water saving has become part
of everyday life (43 gpcd)
Weekly reporting
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 14
15. Western Australia
Eight regions, different issues, need
allocation planning
Drinking Water
•Surface water from dams (25-45%)
•Treated Groundwater (35-50%)
•The Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Kwinana
(15-20%), 35MGD
Recycling for industry, irrigation,
environment, and residential use
Future
•GWRS (aim 20%, Trial 1.5MGD operating)
•Catchment Trial
•New Dam
•Water to Perth from Kimberley
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 15
16. New South Wales
2010 Metropolitan Water Plan
Dams
•Maintain and upgrade Sydney’s network of dams,
2,600 BG
Recycling
•Invest in water recycling and storm water projects
•Recycled water volumes to 18.5 BG by 2015, (12%)
Desalination
•Supply Sydney Water’s area of operations when total
dam storage level is below 70% and until total
storage reaches 80%
•100% of power needs offset by a wind farm
Water efficiency
•Efficiency programs, rebates and business
programs, and trialing new water efficient
technologies
•Save 40BG by 2015 (24%)
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 16
17. Victoria
New desalination plant - Wonthaggi
•$3.8 B, PPP, AquaSure
•110MGD (2011), 145MGD (future)
Irrigation renewal in Northern Victoria
Expansion of water grid
Increase recycling
Water conservation for homes and industry
Sustainable Water Strategies
$320M Victorian Water Trust
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 17
18. South Australia
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 18
Desalination
•36MGD (2011), 72 MGD (2012), $2B
•Powered by renewable energy
Rivers, Reservoirs, and Aquifer Improvements
•The River Murray
•Climate change and Bushfire mitigation
•Water allocation
•Establish environmental water quality targets
•Mount Lofty Ranges Watershed Priority Areas Policy
•Protecting drinking water catchments
•Forestry and Mining plans
Water conservation
•Permanent measures in place
•Water sensitive urban design
Stormwater recycling
•10MGD for non potable reuse
•Find more applications
Wastewater recycling
•45% recycled by 2013
19. Summary
Ambitious
and High
capital cost
projects
Integrated
Water
Planning
•Total water
•Surface,
Groundwater,
Ocean, Rain
Water
security by
•Desalination
•Reuse (IPR +
non potable
reuse)
Public
acceptance
•Climate change
•Conservation
•Rate increases
Sustainability
initiatives
championed
•Green energy
•Restoration
October 19, 2010 PROTEUS Consulting 19
20. Singapore and Australia
How are they dealing with water problems?
Soma Bhadra, PE
www.consult-proteus.com
(858) 353 2805
21. Acknowledgement
• Singapore PUB – information, pictures, data
• Govt. of Australia, ,Govts. and Australian
Water Agencies – information, pictures, data
• Consultant websites – data and pictures
• Project websites – data and images
• Images – Google Images (various sources)
