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You can’t solve problems 

with the same thinking 

that got you there.
Using systems thinking to shift your mindset to
unravel complex problems
“
“
SOL PANDIELLA-MCLEOD
Photograph by Orren Jack Turner
Systems thinking:
Seeing the bigger picture and
connecting the dots
Let’s zoom out…
All systems can be divided into 3 key systems
The natural systems that support
life on earth
ecological
Industrial
social
The manufactured, material based
systems produced for humans
The intangible systems created by
humans for social cohesion
source: Dr Leyla Acaroglu, UNSCHOOL
ecological
Industrial
social
Land & soil
Climate
Water
Food chain
Living creature
ecological
Industrial
social
Settlements (cities)
Transportation routes
Communication systems
Manufacturing
Infrastructures
ecological
Industrial
social
Economics
Class & status
Education
Culture
Families
The human body contains many systems
Digestive, circular, skeletal systems, etc.
A system is a whole that
cannot be divided into
independent parts.
The behaviour of each
element has an effect on the
whole.
The behaviour of the
elements and their effects
on the whole are
interdependent.
LINEAR THINKING SYSTEMS THINKING
Break things into component pieces
Try to fix symptoms
Try to control chaos to create order
Are concerned with the whole
Are concerned with underlying dynamics
Try to find patterns amid the chaos
LINEAR THINKING SYSTEMS THINKING
Shifting your thinking
process requires more effort
Making the shift
Instead of blaming someone, ask…
Instead of thinking you know the answer…
Instead of focusing on the one item…
Instead of focusing on negative behaviours…
Instead of… Try…
“What influences that person?”
Always look for evidence to confirm or disconfirm your
theory.
Look at all the variables that affect that item.
Look at what’s motivating these behaviours or if they 

are masking a deeper problem.
source: www.thesystemsthinker.com
The whole is
greater than the
sum of its parts.
The blind men and the elephant.
Everyone sees part of a more
complex reality and tends to
assume that what they see is
the whole picture.
Mental models
Schemas
Biases
an individuals construction of social reality
Understanding and being aware of our
limitations with how we see the world.
Everyone views the world through a different lens.
Systems thinking tools
Define the problem
Find the
root cause of the
problem
See the BIG picture
Understand the
players
Problem Canvas
Co-creating
Iceberg Model
The 5 why’s
The W Canvas
User Journeys
Touchpoint diagrams
User Research
Empathy maps
User Segments & Personas
Tools you can use to become a systems thinker.
Context Map Fish bone diagram
Archetype mapping
Iceberg Canvas 3 Systems Mapping Defining mental models
Find the
root cause of
the problem
Iceberg Canvas
When to use:
Project start phase, problem
scooping phase, Discovery/
inceptions, kickoffs.
Duration:
1hr group of 10 add more
time for more people.
What you need:
A0 printouts of canvas OR
draw up segments on
whiteboard or large sheet
and use extra sticky post it
notes, fine tip sharpies 
Find the
root cause of
the problem
Iceberg Canvas
When to use:
Project start phase, problem
scooping phase, Discovery/
inceptions, kickoffs.
Duration:
1hr group of 10 add more
time for more people.
What you need:
A0 printouts of canvas OR
draw up segments on
whiteboard or large sheet
and use extra sticky post it
notes, fine tip sharpies 
People are using plastic bags
only once and throwing them
away.
It’s convenient to just use the
ones supplied at the stores.
People can’t be bothered to
carry around their own
They are lazy and don’t realise
the impact
It’s not seen as a bad thing &
convenience wins over real issue
Lack of education on the adverse
effects
Yes.
Plastic bags as the main source
of debris pollution in the ocean
killing millions of creatures.
It’s what I’ve always done, its
convenient.
Why are plastic bags so bad anyway?
Social norms to do with shopping.
Most stores just give them away for
free.
There are no regulations in stores.
Policies in stores.
Education campaigns to inform people
of the impact of plastic bags.
Businesses don’t want to annoy
customers which might potentially
deter them from shopping in their
stores if they don’t provide free
plastic bags.
Marine life will continue to die, the
amount of algae will be reduced and
we will eventually deplete the oxygen
levels in the atmosphere which will
affect the health of humans and
animals on earth.
Problem Canvas
When to use:
Project start phase,
Discovery/inceptions,
kickoffs, ideations 
Duration:
1-2hrs for a group of 10
Add more time if the
number of people
increases.
What you need:
A3 printouts of canvas &
fine tip sharpies 
Define the
problem
Define the
problem
Marine ecosystem & fossil fuels
Reduce the use of
single-use plastic
in particular
plastic grocery
bags.
It’s important
because it is
causing negative
environmental
impact & having an
adverse reaction
on marine
ecosystems and
also using fossil
fuels.
Convenience
Every day, every minute.
Shopping experiences in super markets, retail
stores and fast food outlets
lack of awareness of the negative impact of
plastic on the environment.
Laziness
Branding, expected norm
Depleting fosil fuels
Environmental impacts
Bring awareness &
education to
consumers about
how long plastic
takes to brake
down,
environmental
impacts etc.
Start education
programs at school
at a very early age,
so the change in
awareness and
mindset grows with
new generations.
Problem Canvas
When to use:
Project start phase,
Discovery/inceptions,
kickoffs, ideations 
Duration:
1-2hrs for a group of 10
Add more time if the
number of people
increases.
What you need:
A3 printouts of canvas &
fine tip sharpies 
Archetype diagram
Mapping
When to use:
Project start phase, problem
scooping phase, Discovery/
inceptions, kickoffs.
Duration:
30-60mins
What you need:
Sheet of paper or
whiteboard.
See the big
picture
See the big
picture
Charge for
plastic bags
Customers
retaliate,
loss of
business
Reduce use
of plastic
bags
Archetype diagram
Mapping
When to use:
Project start phase, problem
scooping phase, Discovery/
inceptions, kickoffs.
Duration:
30-60mins
What you need:
Sheet of paper or
whiteboard.
The problems.
Keep learning.
WEB RESOURCES
www.thesystemsthinker.com
www.online.unschools.co
SYSTEMS THINKING HEROES
Donella Meadows
Peter M. Senge
Leyla Acaraglu
BOOKS
Adopt a growth mindset.
@sol_pandiella. + www.aphic.com/blog
DOWNLOAD PRESENTATION AND WORKSHEETS (PDFS)
Remember…
“You’re not stuck in traffic, you are the traffic”
We are all parts of a whole.
Thank you.
@sol_pandiella solpm@dius.com.au

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We can’t solve problems with the same thinking that got you there

  • 1. You can’t solve problems 
 with the same thinking 
 that got you there. Using systems thinking to shift your mindset to unravel complex problems “ “ SOL PANDIELLA-MCLEOD Photograph by Orren Jack Turner
  • 2. Systems thinking: Seeing the bigger picture and connecting the dots
  • 4. All systems can be divided into 3 key systems The natural systems that support life on earth ecological Industrial social The manufactured, material based systems produced for humans The intangible systems created by humans for social cohesion source: Dr Leyla Acaroglu, UNSCHOOL
  • 8. The human body contains many systems Digestive, circular, skeletal systems, etc. A system is a whole that cannot be divided into independent parts. The behaviour of each element has an effect on the whole. The behaviour of the elements and their effects on the whole are interdependent.
  • 9. LINEAR THINKING SYSTEMS THINKING Break things into component pieces Try to fix symptoms Try to control chaos to create order Are concerned with the whole Are concerned with underlying dynamics Try to find patterns amid the chaos
  • 11. Shifting your thinking process requires more effort
  • 12. Making the shift Instead of blaming someone, ask… Instead of thinking you know the answer… Instead of focusing on the one item… Instead of focusing on negative behaviours… Instead of… Try… “What influences that person?” Always look for evidence to confirm or disconfirm your theory. Look at all the variables that affect that item. Look at what’s motivating these behaviours or if they 
 are masking a deeper problem. source: www.thesystemsthinker.com
  • 13. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The blind men and the elephant. Everyone sees part of a more complex reality and tends to assume that what they see is the whole picture.
  • 14. Mental models Schemas Biases an individuals construction of social reality
  • 15.
  • 16. Understanding and being aware of our limitations with how we see the world. Everyone views the world through a different lens.
  • 18. Define the problem Find the root cause of the problem See the BIG picture Understand the players Problem Canvas Co-creating Iceberg Model The 5 why’s The W Canvas User Journeys Touchpoint diagrams User Research Empathy maps User Segments & Personas Tools you can use to become a systems thinker. Context Map Fish bone diagram Archetype mapping Iceberg Canvas 3 Systems Mapping Defining mental models
  • 19. Find the root cause of the problem Iceberg Canvas When to use: Project start phase, problem scooping phase, Discovery/ inceptions, kickoffs. Duration: 1hr group of 10 add more time for more people. What you need: A0 printouts of canvas OR draw up segments on whiteboard or large sheet and use extra sticky post it notes, fine tip sharpies 
  • 20. Find the root cause of the problem Iceberg Canvas When to use: Project start phase, problem scooping phase, Discovery/ inceptions, kickoffs. Duration: 1hr group of 10 add more time for more people. What you need: A0 printouts of canvas OR draw up segments on whiteboard or large sheet and use extra sticky post it notes, fine tip sharpies  People are using plastic bags only once and throwing them away. It’s convenient to just use the ones supplied at the stores. People can’t be bothered to carry around their own They are lazy and don’t realise the impact It’s not seen as a bad thing & convenience wins over real issue Lack of education on the adverse effects Yes. Plastic bags as the main source of debris pollution in the ocean killing millions of creatures. It’s what I’ve always done, its convenient. Why are plastic bags so bad anyway? Social norms to do with shopping. Most stores just give them away for free. There are no regulations in stores. Policies in stores. Education campaigns to inform people of the impact of plastic bags. Businesses don’t want to annoy customers which might potentially deter them from shopping in their stores if they don’t provide free plastic bags. Marine life will continue to die, the amount of algae will be reduced and we will eventually deplete the oxygen levels in the atmosphere which will affect the health of humans and animals on earth.
  • 21. Problem Canvas When to use: Project start phase, Discovery/inceptions, kickoffs, ideations  Duration: 1-2hrs for a group of 10 Add more time if the number of people increases. What you need: A3 printouts of canvas & fine tip sharpies  Define the problem
  • 22. Define the problem Marine ecosystem & fossil fuels Reduce the use of single-use plastic in particular plastic grocery bags. It’s important because it is causing negative environmental impact & having an adverse reaction on marine ecosystems and also using fossil fuels. Convenience Every day, every minute. Shopping experiences in super markets, retail stores and fast food outlets lack of awareness of the negative impact of plastic on the environment. Laziness Branding, expected norm Depleting fosil fuels Environmental impacts Bring awareness & education to consumers about how long plastic takes to brake down, environmental impacts etc. Start education programs at school at a very early age, so the change in awareness and mindset grows with new generations. Problem Canvas When to use: Project start phase, Discovery/inceptions, kickoffs, ideations  Duration: 1-2hrs for a group of 10 Add more time if the number of people increases. What you need: A3 printouts of canvas & fine tip sharpies 
  • 23. Archetype diagram Mapping When to use: Project start phase, problem scooping phase, Discovery/ inceptions, kickoffs. Duration: 30-60mins What you need: Sheet of paper or whiteboard. See the big picture
  • 24. See the big picture Charge for plastic bags Customers retaliate, loss of business Reduce use of plastic bags Archetype diagram Mapping When to use: Project start phase, problem scooping phase, Discovery/ inceptions, kickoffs. Duration: 30-60mins What you need: Sheet of paper or whiteboard.
  • 27. WEB RESOURCES www.thesystemsthinker.com www.online.unschools.co SYSTEMS THINKING HEROES Donella Meadows Peter M. Senge Leyla Acaraglu BOOKS Adopt a growth mindset. @sol_pandiella. + www.aphic.com/blog DOWNLOAD PRESENTATION AND WORKSHEETS (PDFS)
  • 28. Remember… “You’re not stuck in traffic, you are the traffic” We are all parts of a whole.