3. Oral presentations needs:
Skills in research
The ability to organize ideas and construct
logical arguments
The ability to develop handouts and aids
The ability to field impromptu questions from
the audience
4. 1. Informative Speaking
2. Persuasive Speaking
Informative Speaking:
An informative speech may explain a concept, instruct an
audience, demonstrate a process, or describe an event.
Different forms are:
Individual or group report
Oral briefing
Oral exams
Panel discussion
6. A good orator should be able to change the emotions
of their listeners not just inform them.
Oral presentation can be a fearful event but the right
resources and training can make the entire process a
little easier.
It takes a lot of discipline, practice, and preparation
to put on a good presentation.
Oral presentation can be a powerful tool to use for
purposes i.e to motivate, to influence, to inform, to
persuade.
8. The delivery style that is more recommended and use in most of your
presentation is extemporaneous speaking.
Extemporaneous falls somewhere between manuscript and memorized
delivery.
Advantages of extemporaneous:
1. Sounds natural
2. Encourages audience participation
3. Focuses on overall message and essence of speech
4. Emphasizes the importance of preparation and practice
5. Does not allow for the speaker to read and memorize the speech
9. Reading is the style of delivering in which the speakers reads
the speech verbatim from a prepared written text containing
the entire speech.
Examples are:
Presidential address .
Common cement address.
10. The impromptu method is a form of speech delivery that involves speaking
from notes.
A speaker will organize his speech in outline form.
This method allows a speaker to deliver a speech in a natural manner while
maintaining eye contact and engaging an audience.
If you are asked to speak without any prior preparation, you should not be
caught unprepared
You should make notes of the discussions being held in the meeting so that
you can speak effectively when called upon to do so.
11. The Impromptu Speech
With very little advance notice, the speaker is asked to speak for a
few minutes on a specific subject.
Try to apply the following principles or rules in giving an impromptu
speech.
Formulate the central idea. Don't try to discuss the entire subject.
Limit yourself to a specific aspect that you can discuss in a few
minutes. Be sure you know the idea you want to present before you.
Open your talk with a sentence that says something.
The body of your speech must be unified.
Expect the possibility that you might be called on to speak, so make
some preparations early.
Practice active listening.
Use the fundamental principles of speech organization.
12. The memorization method is a form of speech delivery that involves fully
memorizing a speech before delivering it.
This method of delivery allows a speaker to maintain more eye contact.
REMEMBER:
In case of a long speech, often the first few words of
a statement can be memorized. It may
sound like a robot. Besides, forgetting a single line may cause disaster.
13. Stay focused on your specific purpose
and on the key ideas you want to
convey.
Speak in the moment.
Practice, practice, practice!
14. Voice plays a key role in influencing others.
Your Voice always makes your message appealing.
15. Question:
How you make your message more
attractive and appealing?
Answer:
The easiest way to make your message appeal
is to use these strategies i.e varying your
pitch, rate, and volume, vocal quality and
pronunciation.
16. What is pitch??
The term pitch refers to the degree of highness or lowness of voice.
There should be variation in variation otherwise message will become
boring and we lose listeners attention.
Women have higher pitch than men.
Some traditional problems:
1) Monotone
2) High or low voice
3) Same word value
17. Monotone:
Monotone means same pitch throughout the
speech which is irritating to the listeners.
Speaker is said to be monotone if he lacks the
pitch variation. Often monotone are voices that
rarely rise out of lower registers.
18. The effective communicator should show
variation in pitch by raising his voice a few
levels without sounding squeaky and lowered a
few levels without sounding grumble.
we should show variation and remain audible to
listeners.
19. Comparison Between Written and oral communication
Written communication:
We can easily emphasize the words in written communication by
making it italic, underline and bold.
Oral communication:
In oral communication the speaker does not distinguish that which
word is important in sentence or on which to emphasize more.
This Problem is decreased by pitch. By making variation in pitch we
can easily distinguish that on which word we have to emphasize
more.
20. The speed of oral delivery
OR
How many words do you use per minute as you
speak.
An average rate of speech is 140 words per minute.
Rate of speech should be varied.
Keyword related to rate is PAUSE.
Pause is also refers to Oral White Space.
21. It is similar to the white space between paragraphs in
a written document.
A pause lets you, or the speaker, collects your
thoughts, take time to the more visual or rest your
voice.
Pauses between words or sentences emphasize
transitions of thought and help the speaker collect
their thoughts.
22. Is often linked with your personality or cultural
origin.
Relates to how you think and behave.
Variety of rate reflects changes in emotion and mood
and can greatly enhance your presentations.
Avoid extremes (too slow or too quickly).
In case of slow speakers, listeners start daydreaming.
In case of fast speakers, listeners become frustrated
and “tune out”.
23. “Volume is the loudness and softness of your
voice and by contrast in volume one can give
emphasis on the spoken words.”
How to improve volume:
There are two steps
1. Contrast in Emphasis.
2. Controlled Breathing.
24. Some people have naturally loud voice. But one must
regulate the volume according to audience size.
Volume can also vary on important words, sentences
or ideas.
Depends upon the number of the audience and size of
the room and hall.
You must be sure to speak loud enough so that all of
your audience can hear you.
25. Speaker should express excitement and enthusiasm
for the topic
Through volume control, the audience can infer the
speaker’s message
26. Vocal Quality is the personality, tone or texture of a
voice. Every voice has its unique quality.
Your mouth, tongue, lips, teeth, vocal folds, sinuses,
hard and soft palate, and nose all effect that quality.
Some experts also relaxing the throat by allowing an
unrestricted sound to enter the resonating chambers of
the mouth, throat, and nasal cavities.
28. Production of the original tone by the vocal folds
(phonation).
Process of selection, reinforcement and damping of
this tone by resonators (throat, mouth, nose).
29. Pronunciation is an important part of oral delivery.
Jargon or technical terms and abbreviations should
not be spoken outside the group or should be
explained before use.
Sounds should not be omitted such as using ‘gonna’ or
‘wanna’ for ‘going to’ and ‘want to’ etc.
One must listen to educated and cultured people in
order to polish one’s pronunciation.
30. People usually don’t understand what you are
saying.
People usually understand what you are saying but
you may have to repeat your statements for
clarification.
People understand what you are saying the first time.
This level is the goal of most English language
learners.
31. Learning English takes time but if you practice often
you will soon improve and be able to pronounce words
like a native speaker.
Practice pronunciation in front of a mirror.
What you see is not always what you get. Remember
that the spelling of words and their pronunciation are
often different.
