4. I. INTRODUCTION
TO THE BOOK OF JUDGES
AUTHOR: Anonymous DATE: 1050-1000 B.C.
Historical Background The events of this book cover the turbulent period in
Israelâs history from about 1380 to 1050 B.C., from the conquest of Palestine to the
beginnings of the monarch. Though the land had been generally conquered and
occupied under Joshua, many important Canaanite strongholds had been
bypassed, leaving their subjugation to individual Israelite tribes. The book of
Judges describes this warfare, as the Hebrews tried to complete their occupation of
the land.
The judges were military and civil leaders ruling during this time when the
nation was a loose confederacy. Some of the judges ruled concurrently since each
one did not necessarily rule over the entire land.
Authorship and Date Though the author of this book is unknown, the Talmud
suggests Samuel, and it is possible that he may have written after the death of
Samson and after the coronation of King Saul, but before the conquest of
Jerusalem by David about 990 B.C. (see 1:21; 17:6; 18:1; 18:1; 21:25).
Purpose Historically, the book serves to link the conquest of Palestine and the
monarchy. Theologically, it provides many examples of the principle that
obedience to the law brings peace, while disobedience means oppression and
death. Spiritually, the faithfulness of God in forgiving His penitent people is seen
even in this period when âevery man did what was right in his own eyesâ (17:6;
21:25).
5. A Suggested Chronology of Oppressing Nation
and Delivering Judges
Oppressor Dates Judge Dates Scripture
Mesopotamia 1361-1353 Othniel 1353-1313 3:7-11
Moab 1313-1295 Ehud 1295-1215 3:12-30
Philistia ? Shamgar ? 3:31
Canaan 1215-1195 Deborah and
Barak
1195-1155 4:1-5:31
Midian 1155-1148 Gideon 1148-1108 6:1-8:28
Abimelech 1108-1099 9:1-57
Ammon 1105 Jephthah 1105-1099 10:6-12:7
Philistia 1099-1059 Samson 1085-1065 13:1-16:31
Source: The RYRIE Study Bible â New International Version
6. II. OUTLINE OF JUDGES
I. Background of the Period of the Judges, 1:1-3:6
A. The Political Background, 1:1-36
B. The Spiritual Background, 2:1-3:6
II. History of the Period of the Judges, 3:7-16:31
A. Mesopotamian Oppression and Othnielâs Deliverance, 3:7-11
B. Moabite Oppression and Ehudâs Deliverance, 3:12-30
C. Shamgarâs Victory over the Philistines, 3:31
D. Canaanite Oppression and Deliverance by Deborah and Barak, 4:1-5:31
1. The story, 4:1-24
2. The song, 5:1-31
E. Midianite Oppression and Gideonâs Deliverance, 6:1-8:35
1. Gideonâs call, 6:1-40
2. Gideonâs conquests, 7:1-8:35
F. Abimelechâs Tyranny, 9:1-57
7. G. Tolaâs Judgeship, 10:1-2
H. Jairâs Judgeship, 10:3-5
I. Ammonite Oppression and Jephthahâs Deliverance, 10:6-12:7
J. Ibzanâs Judgeship, 12:8-10
K. Elonâs Judgeship, 12:13-15
L. Abdonâs Judgeship, 12:13-15
M. Philistine Oppression and Samsonâs Carrer, 13:1-16:31
1. Annunciation and birth of Samson, 13:1-25
2. Marriage of Samson, 14:1-30
3. Exploits of Samson, 15:1-30
4. Fall of Samson, 16:1-31
III. Apostasy of the Period of Judges, 17:1-21:25
A. Micah and the Migration of the Danites, 17:1-18:31
1. Micah and his private priest, 17:1-13
2. Danite migration, 18:1-31
B. The Benjamite War, 19:1-21:25
1. The reason for the war, 19:1-20:13a
2. The execution of the war, 20:13b-48
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