1. ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත ෙහේවෙග්
05 mrspzfPaoh ( 05. Chapter )
fu;a;d ixl,amh : iudcuh moku
( Metta Concept : Societal Foundation )
fu;a;d idrOrAufhys iudcuh mokug wh;a jkafka ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s
lr .ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh' fuz uZ.ska iudc m@;sudk ( Norms ) wdrCIdjSu flfrA' fu;a;d
idrOrAuh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amh
ixl,amhla muKla f,iska oelajQj o tys .enzjk w;sYh m@fhda.sl Ndjh Wmfhda.S lr
.efkkqfha ;ks mqoa.,hka iuznJO idrOrAu jO!khlg tyd .sh iudc iuznJO;djhkays
jsOsu;a idrOrAu! wka;rA.; YsCIKhla l@shd;aul lsrSu flfrys nj fmkajd oS u fuhska
wfmaCIs;h'1 fu;a;d ixl,amh nsys jkqfhao tla mqoa.,fhl` wruqKq lrf.k fkdfjz' wju
jYfhka mqoa.,hka tla wfhl`g jevs msrsila wruqKq lr.ksusks' uQ,sl wjia:dfjys ;ks
mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka ;uka ;ukaygu ffu;@sh jO!kh lsrSu jsia;r lr ;snqK o thska wfmaCIs;
jS ;snqfKa ;uka yqol,d jS ;ukagu muKla os.gu ffu;@sh jevSu fkdj wkHhkayg me;srjSug
fmrd;`j tlS me;srjSu ukdj yqre mqre|= jSu iZoyd uq,skau fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka ;`< ukdj
m@.`K lsrSug uQ,sl mqyqKqjla ,nd.ekSu muKls'2 tuksid fu;a;d ixl,amh iudcuh moku
;`< oS Ndjs;d lsrSug wuq;`jka W;aiyhla .; hq;` fkdjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh wF:!j;a
jkafkau iudc moaO;shla ;`< cSjSka msrsila w;frys oS muKla ksidh'3 nq|=iufhys js.@y jkakd
jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ffcj f,dalhg wu;rj mrsirh iuznJOfhka o fhoS we;s wdldrh
m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCId mo meKjSuz foi jsurAYkd;aulj n,k l, fmkS hk lreKls'4
fulS iudcuh mokfuys oS jvd;a W;aiql jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJOdjhka jsOsu;a
lsrSfuys,d odhl jS we;s wdldrh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lr ne,Sughs'5 iudc iuznJO;djhka
f.dvkeZ.Sfuz oS fukau mj;ajd .ekSfuys oS tl f,iu fu;a;d ixl,amh uy;a fia wdOdr
Wmldrj;a jk w;r tys Wmrsu ;,fhys oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSud iuzfNaoh yer ouuska
lghq;` lsrSug udkjhd jsfYaI mqyqKqjla ,nhs'6
fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc iuznJO;d jsIfhys l@shd;aul jk wdldrh uekjska
js.@yjk jsIhla kuz fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjhs'7 jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO iudc jsoHdjg wod< jk
whqrska fu;a;d idrOrAu!fha iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla fuz
mrspzfPaoh uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA' iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska ilia jsh hq;` wdldrh yd
191

2. jrA;udkfhys tfia fkdjSu ksid iudch uqyqK md isgsk .egZM ms<snZo fn#oaO ixorANhdkQl~,
js.@yhla o fuhska is|= flfrA' fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska iudc jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd
jsjsO iQ;@ foaYkd fndfydauhla we;s w;r ta iEu iQ;@ Ou!hla uZ.skau fu;a;d idr Ou!h
jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,nk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amhg jsfYaI wkqn,hla o ,ndfohs' tfukau fn#oaO
iudc jsoHdj yd fiiq iudchSh jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakd jQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a
kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aulj jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu ;`<ska fu;a;d idrOrAu!fhys
iudcuh Ndjs;dfjys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` fldg oelajSu fuz mrspzfPAoh uZZ.ska is|= flfrA'
fulS iudcSh Ndjs;dj wka ljrodgj;a jvd jrA;udkfhys wjYH jS we;af;a osfkka osk jv
jvd;a ixlSrAK jk usksia yeisrSuz rgdjka ms<snZoj ms<smeosh hq;` kshu l@uh fu;a;d
ixl,amfhka bosrsm;a flfrk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudch flfrys wod<lr .; hq;` kshu
wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg f.k we;s kuz jrA;udkfhys Woa.;j we;s jsjsO iudcuh wrAnqo yd .egZM
j,ska usksia iudch jshqla; jSug fyda yels;dla wju ugzgul tajd rZojd .ekSug wjldY
ie,fikq we;'8
isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iudcuh moku wF:! oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk
fohdldrfhks'9 fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r
flfrkakd jQ uQ<sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`< wfkdakH jYfhka l@shd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS
iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;`h'10 fuu ysff;Is Ndjh kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka
udkj ixia:dfjz wfkdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ldrAhNdrh
b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs' nq|= oyfuys iZoyka jk wdldrhg m<uqj mqoa.,hd wkHhkag
fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSug m<uqj ;uka ;ud jsIfhysu th me;srjSu uZ.ska ukdj m@.`K
Ndjhg m;alr .; hq;` fjz' bka blans;sj muKla tnZ|= ;eke;a;dg ;uka Wmudjg f.k wka
wh fj; o l@udkQl~,j fu;a is; me;srjsh yels jkq we;s nj nq|= iuh fmkajd oS ;sfnz' ;udg
m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSu wd;audrA:h f,ig we;euz wh l,amkd lr;;a thska jkafka
|=rAj,j mej;s ;u is; Yla;su;a lsrSu muKs' ienjskau ;uka flfrysj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh
f.dvkZ.d .ekSug ;ruz j;a fkdyelshdfjka hqla; jQ iudc mrsirhl osjs f.fjk idudkH
mqyq|=ka usksid l< hq;af;a m<uqfjka ;uka Yla;su;a lr.ekSuh' iudch ;`< ;uka o tla;rd
mqoa.,fhls' by<ska isg iuia;h foi n,kafkl`yg fmfkkafka o ta whqrsks' ixl,am ms<snZo h:d
iajNdjh jkqfha th yg.kafka o jrAOkh jkqfha o is; weiqrskau jk fyhska uq,skau ish
isf;ys we;s lr.;a;d jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh msg;g o jsyso hk wdldrfhka Yla;su;a lr.ekSu
uQ<slju l< hq;`j we;'11 fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lrkafka l@u l@ufhka ;uka o wkHhka o hk
iSudj ;`kSjk wdldrfhks' wjidkfha oS ish,qu iSudjka bj;a fldg ;uka o wkHhka o hk
yeZ.Su rys;j fu;a;d ixl,amhu muKla isf;ys msysgqjd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,am jrAOkfhys
.eUqreu wjia:dj f,i nq|=iuh fmkajhs' fu;a;d Ndjkdj ;`< fuh b;du;a ijsia;rj olajd
we;'
192

3. fuz wdldrfhka isf;ys m@.`K jkakd jQ fu;a;d
ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a ixl,amhla muKlau jkafkao hk .egZMj
fuysoS meK fkdkZ.skq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkk"
wdfjzok yd prAhduh hk ;@sjsO wxYhkaf.ka mrsmQrAK
ixl,amhla jk fyhsks' fuz ;@sjsO wxYhkau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
b;du m@n,Fjhg m;a jQ wxY jk w;r fuys uQ<sl wjia:dj
m@cdkk wxYh w;am;a lr.kshs' prAhduh mCIfhka ta m@cdkk
wxYfhka jrAOkh lr.kakd ,o ixl,amuh wjia:dj l@shdldrS jS
msg;g jsyso hhs'12 idudkH fn#oaOhdf.a ks;H YS,h f,i
ie,flk tfiau fn#oaO yd wfn#oaO ldg;a iudc cSjs;fhaoS
ksrjq,aj lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj" ta iZoyd wjYHlrk jgdmsgdj
ilia lrfok iudc iuzuq;shla f,i mxpYS, m@;smodj fmkajd
osh yelsh' mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska mqoa.,hdj iudch jsiska o
iudch jsiska mqoa.,hdj o iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nhs' iudchla hkq
mqoa.,hka rdYshlf.a jsjsO iuznJO;d yd wka;rAl@shdjka
tla;eka jQ wjia:djla jk nejska fuu iuznJO;d yd
wka;rAl@shdjka tla;rd jsOsu;a iajrEmhlska md,kh jsh hq;`h
hkq idrOrAu! iuznJOfhka we;slr.; hq;` wF:!l:khla f,i
oelajsh yel' md,kh jsh hq;` jsOsu;a iajrEmh fuz hehs mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska fmkajd fokq
,nhs' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys we;s iqjsfYaISFjh jkqfha wd.u ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o TzkEu
ck fldgzGdYhlg th wod< lr.; yelsjSuhs' fuz hgf;a jsjsO wd.uz yd jsjsO jsYajdi orK
ta wkqj lghq;` lrk TzkEu mqoa.,fhl`g ish cSjs;fhys lghq;` idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd
mxpYS, m@;smodfjka ie,fikqha fkduZo fufyhls' ffcj ys;jdoS nj mxpYS, m@;smodfjys
wka;rA.; jsYajjSh nfjys mokuhs' iuia; mxpYS, m@;smodj mqrdu jsyso mj;skakd jQ udkj
ysff;ISnfjys ryi jkqfha o th fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj iliaj mej;Suhs'13
m<uqfjks YsCIdmoh uZ.ska wF:!j;a lrkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hdf.a cSj;ajSfuz
whs;sh iq/lSuhs'14 fuhg mdol jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' huz flfkl`yg iudch ;`< iajlSh
cSj;ajSfuz whs;sh iqrCIs;j ;nd .kakg kuz fy;u wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz whs;shg .re
lrkafkl` yd th /l oSug fjfyi .kafkl` njg m;ajsh hq;` nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuys
jeo.;au ,CIKh jkqfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iajrEmfhka fomigu tl f,ig iunrj
l@shd;aul jkakd jq lsishuz .sjsiqul yd iuzuq;shl iajrEmhla tys .enzjSuhs'15 ish,qu iFjhka
;ukaf.a cSjs;hg wdYd lrkq ,nk nj nq|=iuh ms,s.kshs' mqoa.,hka rdYshla tla;eka jS
iudc.; jkqfha o fuu cSjs;h ksrjq,aj yd jvd hym;a whqrska mj;ajd .ekSfuz wjYH;djh
ksidh' fuz fya;`j ksid lsis|= fNaohlska f;drj ieu fokdg mdfya ish cSjs;h flaJ|@ fldgf.k
fuu wjYH;djh yg.kakd nejska wd.u ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj jqj o cSjs;hl we;s jgskdlu
193

4. fkdfjkiaj mj;shs' flfkl` ;udf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug we;s leue;af;a m@udKhgu
wfkla mqoa.,hd ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hEug leue;af;ka isgsk nj o fuhska f;areuz
.; yelsh'16 m<uq fldgu ;ukag fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkqfha mqoa.,fhl`yg ;ukaf.a
cSjs;fhys jgskdlu wjfndaO lrosu msKsi jk w;r m@.`K jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s
mqoa.,hdyg ;j |=rg;a th wkHhka olajdu jHdma; l< yels ugzgulg meusfKa' jevs|=rg;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSfuz oS ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;akd jQ jHdc isudj w;sl@uKh
lsrSug mqoa.,hdyg wjia:dj ,efnz' fuu iSudjka jHd;sl@uKh lsrSuu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
jvd;au jrAOkSh wjia:dj f,i ie,fla' mrsmQrAK mqoa., fm#reIFjh f,i wrA: oelafjkqfhao
fujeks wdldrfhka ishZM wdldrfha ;uka yd wkHhka hk iSudj |=re lr lghq;` lsrSug
yelshdjla ;ud ;`< jrAOkh lr.kq ,enQ wjia:djhs' wd;audrA:h hkqfjka yeZoskafjk iEu jsgu
;ukaf.a iqL jsyrKh muKla is;k wkHhka .ek fkdis;k wjia:dj yg.efkkqfha ;uka yd
wkHhka w;r w;s jsYd, mr;rhla ukiska ;nd l,amkd lsrSu ;`<sks' mrdrA:h kshudldrfhka
wrA:l:kh jkafka ;uka o wkHhka yd iudkh hk yeZ.Su we;s jk wdldrfhka ffu;@sfhys
Wmrsu jrAOkSh wjia:dj jk ;uka yd wkHhka w;r iSudj bj;a lr fmd|= cSjSka hkqfjka tlu
mrudorAYh wkqj is;Su ;`<h'17
mqoa.,fhl`f.a osjs meje;au ukdj iqrCIs;j .; lsrSu iZoyd wdydr mdk" weZ|=uz
me<|=uz" ksjdi jeks uQ<sl wjYH;djhka ksis fia iuzmQrAK jsh hq;`h' fuzjd ,nd .ekSu iZoyd
mqoa.,fhl`yg lsishuz l@h Yla;shla fyj;a fuzjd us<oS .ekSfuz yelshdjla mej;sh hq;`h' tfiau
uQ<sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi imhd .kakd ,o iuzm;a l@udkQl~,j N`la;s jsoSu
msKsi /ia lr ;nd .ekSu o uQ<sl usksia wjYH;djhlau fjz' fujeks iuzm;a flfrys f,dn neZo
tajd ;fjfll` jsiska meyer .ekSu jkdyS iuzm;a we;a;df.a uQ<sl usksia whs;sjdisluz lvlsrSula
o fjz' tnejska bka je<lSu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl is;ska is|= lrkq ,nk l@shdjla fjz'18
iudcfhys fjfik wfkl`;a idudcslhkaf.a iuzm;a /ia lsrSfuz we;s whs;sh ms<s.ekSu uQrA;su;a
flfrkqfha tajd meyer fkd.ekSu ;`<sks' wkHhkayg we;s iuzm;a /ialr ;nd mrsyrKh
lsrSfuz whs;shg .re lsrSu;a iuZ.u iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r iduQysl neZoSula yg.kshs' fuu
iduQyslFjh mqoa., ls@hdldrSFjh ksrrAnqo mrudorAYS iudchla ksrAudKh jSfuys,d Bg olajk
iyh uQrA;su;a fldg fmkajhs'19
m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl wdlrAIKh fya;`fldgf.k l@shd;aul jk mjq,a ixia:dj
jsOsu;aj wdrCIdjSug kuz th iudch jsiska ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; rduqjlg wkq.;j yeisrsh
hq;`jSu iudc.; wjYH;djhla f,i ie,lsh yelsh' usksid o fiiq cSjSka fukau cdkuh
jYfhka Wreu lr.kakd ,o fmd|= ffcjuh .`Khka wka;rA.; yd tlS ffcjSh meje;au
wLKavj bosrshg f.khdu iZoyd ilia jS we;s YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka wka;rA.;
cSjsfhla jk kuq;a usksid iajNdjfhka Wreu lrf.k isgsk iqjsfYaIs; oshqKq ixialD;sl cSjk
meje;au fya;`fjka fiiq cSjSkag fuka ish YdrSrsl yd udkisl iychka ;ukaf.a is;eZ.s mrsos
194

5. ;Dma;su;a lr.ekSug wjYH bvlv iudch jsiska iuzu; lr.kakd ,o rduqjla ;`< iSud lrkq
,en we;' fuys oS mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r fmd|= tlZ.Fjh jkqfha iudch jsiska iuzu;
m@;sjsreoaO fofofkl` w;r f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl cSjs;hg fjk;a mdrAYjhka jsiska n,mEuz
lrkq ,enSu ydls;dla wju lsrSuhs'20 fuz ioyd uQ<OrAuhla f,i m@fhdackh f.k we;af;a
fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' mjq,a tallfhys wdruzNhl wjia:dj f,i i,lkq ,nk fofofkl` w;r
f.dvkZ.d.kq ,nk ,sx.sl iuznJO;djh l@udkQ, f,i orejka ,enSu;a wk;`rej fiiq iudc
ixia:d iuZ. we;slr .kq ,nk jsjsOdldrfhys wka;rAl@shdjka uZ.ska l@ul@ufhka ixlSrAK
wjia:djka olajd jrAOkh lr.ksuska bosrshg f.khEu yd ta msKsi fmd|= iudcfhys iEu
fokdf.au osrs.ekajSuz fkduZoj ,nuska fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lr.ksuska lghq;` lsrSu
is.df,dajdo iQ;@fha iosidjka kuialdrfhys tla osYdjla jYfhka fmkajd oS we;' f;jeks
YsCIdmofhka wF:!j;a lrkqfha ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu yd th wLKavj
bosrshg f.khdfuys,d mqoa.,sl yd mjq,a tallh w;r ;snsh hq;` wju idrOrAu! yeisrSuz rgdj
fjz' huz mqoa.,fhl` .; lrk mqoa.,sl cSjs;h mjd iudc ixia:djkays wLKav yd ksrrAnqo
meje;au ;yjqre lrkakla jsh hq;` njg losu ksoiqkla jkafka o ,sx.sl cSjs;fhys iSudiys; yd
l@uj;aNdjh flfrys olajk ie,ls,a,hs' nsrsZo iajdushd flfrys;a" iajdushd nsrsZo flfrys;a"
ujzmshka |+ orejka flfrys;a" |+ orejka ujzmshka flfrys;a f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ neZosu fu;a;d
ixl,amh mdolrf.k we;slr.; hq;` w;sYhskau fifkfyjka; yd l`ZMKq .`Kfhka hqla;
jQjla jsh hq;` nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs'21
iudcfhys fjfikakd iEu ;rd;srulu
mqoa.,fhl` jsiskau ish osjs meje;au f.khdfuz oS f;dr;`re
ikaksfjzokfhys fhfohs' tys oS yels;dla ksrjoH yd i;H
f;dr;`re ,nd.ekSug ieu mqoa.,fhl`ygu we;s whs;sh
idrOrAu!hls' tfiau th mqoa., yd udkj whs;sjdisluls'
tu whs;sjdislu huz wdldrhlska lvjSu fyda lvlsrSu
msKsi odhlFjh iemhSu fuz wkqj jrols' f;dr;`re
,ndoSfuz oS fukau f;dr;`re ,nd.ekSfuz oS o tlS f;dr;`re
,efnk uQ,dY@ ms<snZo .@dylhd ,nd.kakd jsYajdih m<q|=
fkdjS ;nd .ekSug ikaksfjzolhd jsiska lghq;` lrkq
,enSu udkj whs;shls' wi;H f;dr;`re ikaksfjzokh
jkafka mqoa.,hka wkHhka uq<djg m;alsrSfuz fpz;dfjka
hqla;j idjoH f;dr;`re iemhSu uZ.sks'22 wkHhka /jgSfuz
fpz;kdj yg.kqfha wkHhka flfrys ffjrh" fl@daOh
is;ays we;s l,h' f;dr;`re ikaksfjzolhd mqoa.,hd
flfrys;a iuia; iudch flfrys;a fu;a;d ixl,amh
fmrgqfldgf.k lghq;` lrkafka kuz idjoH f;dr;`re
195

6. iemhSfuka ish Y@djlhka uq<djg m;alsrSu msKsi lghq;` fkd lrkq we;' wi;Hh wfkl`;a
ish,qu jerosj,g uQ, ldrKhla jk nejska wi;H ikaksfjzokh lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd is|= lrkq
,nk l@shdj iudcfhys ms<s.;a iudc iuznJO;d ish,a,lau nsZo ouk iqZM fjz' TzkEu jeros
l@shdjla is|= fldg th is|=lf,a ke;ehs lSu ksid u;`jg ksjeros mqoa.,fhl` jSug we;s yelshdj o
fuz ksid wju fjz'23
iajlSh isysh wjq,a lrf.k iudcfhys lghq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ah'
u;a meka yd u;a|@jH Ndjs;h ksid mshjs isysh mqoa.,hd ;`<ska ;`rkaj fha' u;ameka mdkh ksid
uqZM uy;a iudchgu wjevodhs mqoa.,fhl` njg TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` m;ajkafka ksrdhdifhks'24
;ukaf.a isysh wjq,a lr.eksu msKsi lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd tfia lrkafka oafjzIh ksid
uq<d jQ is;lsks' ;ukag;a wkHhkayg;a jevodhs mrsos ksjeros isysfhka lghq;` lrkakd jQ
mqoa.,fhl` tfia l@shdlrkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh u; mdol jQ is;sks' fu;a;d ixl,amh h:d
mrsos l@shdjg kZ.kakg kuz b;du;a fydZo isysl,amkdjla mqoa.,hd i;`jSu wksjdrAh
wjYH;djhls' tfiau fuys oS iDKd;aul w;r fm<UjSfuz kHdh l@shd;aul flfrA' fulS
fm<UjSuz kHhdfhka is|= flfrkafka huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` os.ska os.gu huzlsis l@shdjla wrUhd
Okd;aul fyda iDKd;aul whqrska lsishuz fm<UjSula is|= lrjSuhs' hym;a idrOrAu!
iuznJOfhka fulS fm<UjSu l@shd;aul jk th Okd;aul mCIfhys jQ hym;a fm<UjSula f,i
o |=Yaprs;fhys ,d fulS fm<UjSu l@shd;aul jk jsg th iDKd;aul mCIfhys jQ whym;a
fm<UjSula f,i o idudkHfhka yZ|=kajhs' u;ameka ksid mqoa.,hd ;`< ldhsl yd udkisl
mCIfhka yg.efkk fm<UjSu wh;a jkqfha iDKd;aul fm<UjSula f,ighs' fuys oS ;uka
u;ameka u;a|@jH .ekSu iajlSh mrsydksh <Z.d lrjdfok ;uka jsiska ;ukaju fm<UjSula jk
w;r fjk;a mqoa.,fhl` fuz wdldrfhka fm<UjSu ;ukag;a tlS mqoa.,hdyg;a tlfia mrsydksh
<Z.d lrfohs'25
iEu fohlgu fome;a;la we;' mqoa.,hd iudchg fukau iudch
mqoa.,hdyg;a ldreKsl jSu nq|=iuh wkqu; lrhs' tfiau th fmkajd fokq ,nhs' iudcfhka
mrsndysrj mqoa., meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelsjdla fukau mqoa., meje;afuka mrsndysrj iudcuh
meje;aula o ;snsh fkd yelsh' tfia fyhska mqoa.,hd yd iudch hk fowxYhu wka;rAl@shd
lsrsfuz oS fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k l@shdlsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,hd iudc weiqfrys oS meK
kZ.sKq ,nk fndfyd .eg,q wju lr.ekSug ,efnkq we;'26 jrA;udkfhys fndfyda mqoa., yd
iudc .egZM meK kZ.skq ,nkafka fuz fowxYh ms<snZoju fome;a;gu ksis wdldrfha jegySula
fkdue;s nejsks' we;euz ;ekl oS mqoa.,hdyg iudch jsiska oafjzI iy.;j i,lkq ,nk w;r
tys m@;sjsmdlg iudchgu w;ajsZoskakg is|=fjk wjia:d b;du;au nyq,h' nqoaO ld,fhys
wysxil keue;s n@dyauK ;reKhd wx.`,sud, keue;s oreKq wmrdOlrefjl` njg m;ajQfha fuz
whqrska mqoa.,hd flfrys oafjzI iy.; f,i iudch lghq;` lsrSu ksidh' tfiau l`vdl, mgka
iudcfhys oafjzIhg nZ|=kaj isgS iqkS; yd fidmdl jeks l`vd orejka nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a
196

7. ffu;@sh ,nd iqjm;a jQ wdldrh mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu
fmkajhs'27
jrA;udk iudch fkdfhla wdldrfhys fya;~ka ksid jsjsOdldrfhka fNao Nskakj
we;' tfia jSug m@Odk jYfhkau fya;`j iudcfhys fjfik fndfyda fokd wkHhka ms,snZoj
fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj lghq;` fkdlsrSuhs' wkHhka w;ska is|=jk b;du;au iqZM is|=jSul oS
mjd fndfyda nrm;, oZvqjuz yd fkdfhla ysxidldrS l@shd is|= lrkakg iudcfhys fjfik
we;euqka ;`< lsishuz fm<TjSula olakg ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh l`vdl<
mgkau ksis wdldrfhka fkd,enQ ksidnj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' mqoa.,hdyg iudch;a iudchg
mqoa.,hd;a .ig fmd;a; fuks' .i;a fmd;a;;a /flk l,u iuia; jDCIfhys mej;au
is|=jkakdla fuka mqoa.,hd;a iudch;a /flk wjia:dfjys oS muKla udkj jrA.hdf.a ksrrAnqo
mej;au jsoHudk fjz' tfia fkdjk l,ays fkdfhl`;a l,flda<dy< rKavq onr jsm;a wdoshg
uqyqK mEug iuia; udkj jrA.hdygu is|=jkq fkdwkqudkh' iudc ixia:dkays l@shd;auljSu
f.kne,Qj;a fulS isoaOdka;h olakg ,efnz' fndfyda fofkl` jsiska jrA;udk mejsos iudch w;S;
mejsos iudch yd iiZod n,d bka jsoHudks; jk fkdfhl`;a lreKq wrUhd jsfjzpk bosrsm;a
lrkqfha th mj;skafka" mjq,a ixia:djkays .egZM yd oreKq iudcuh wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk .sys
iudcfhys Wm l`,lhla f,i l,amkdjg fkdf.kh' isZ.df,djdo iQ;@fhys iosid kuialdrh
uehska bosrsm;a lrk ,o m@Odk iudc ixia:djka flfrys iudcuh n,mEu ksid tlS iudc
ixia:djka ;`< jsoHudk jk jsjsO .egZM idlpzPd l< hq;af;a mj;sk iudchg idfmaCIlj jskd
197

8. thska jshqla;j fkdfjz' tf,i jshqla;j ie,l~ l, iudch o wrA:j;a fkdfjz' iudchla hkq
iudc ixia:d fndfyda .Kklska ie|=uz,;a b;du;a ixlSrAK moaO;shla ksid tys iEu wxYhlu
iunr;djh fiiq wxYj,g wod< fjz' bka tla wxYhla fyda fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj
lghq;` lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid fiiq wxYj,g b;du;a wrAnqoldrS f,i n,mdkq ,nhs' jrA;udk
iudcfhys mj;akakd jQ wrAnqoldrS .egquzldrS jd;djrKh fuz ksid tla tla mdrAYjhla
fya;`fjka is|= jQjla f,i tlsfkldyg we.s,s os.` lr.ekSu f;areula fkdue;s ksIaM, jQjls'
nq|=iuh lsisjsfglj;a huzlsis lreKla is|=jSug n,mdkq ,nk fya;`j fyda fya;`rdYsh foi
jsuid fkdn,d yqfola .egZMjg ms<shuz fhoSu wkqu; fkdlrkq ,nhs' jsoHd;aul pska;kfhys,d
o fuz lreK fufiau js.@yhg nZ|=ka lrkq ,nk w;r .egZM iZoyd ms,shuz fhdckd lsrSfuz oSo
jsurAYkd;aul fya;`jg ksis ms<shuz fhoSu yd wod< i;Huh we.hquz Ndjs;d lsrSu is|= lrkq
,nhs' jsoHd;aul l@ufhys oS fukau nq|=iufhys oS o mqoa.,hd j;afmdfydi;alu" l`<h" iudc
;;ajh" ia;@S mqreI Ndjh" Z{d;S iuznJO;d ie<ls,a,g .ksuska ukskq fkd,nk w;r idOdrK
we.hqulg meusKSu msKsi mqoa., l@shdjka muKla fpz;kdjg hg;aj ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nhs'
fn#oaO iS, YsCIdfjys yd m@d;sfudCIfhys jskh YsCIdjkays fpz;kdjg uy;a ie,ls,a,la olajk
w;r th w;sYhskau udkqIsl jQjla o fjz'28 frdau ,kafoais kS;sfhys o fpz;kdj wkqj l@shdfjys
iajNdjh ;SrKh lrkq ,nk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fpz;kdj fu;a;d ixl,amh u; mokuzj
iudcuh iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .ekSu ksrka;rfhkau hym;a fjz' fojzo;a f;reka nq|=ka
jyiafiaf.a isrer u;g .,la fmr,d thska nq|= isrer ;`jd, is|=lr f,a fi,jSu wdkka;rSh
wl`Y,hla jkafka;a" thska we;s jQ ;`jd,hg yd ;e,Su iZoyd ms<shuz f,i cSjl ffjoHjrhd
jsiska fnfy;a .e,ajSu msKsi nq|=ka jykafiaf.a ;`jd,h yd ;e,Su m,d f,a fi,jSu jsYd,
l`Y,hla jqfha;a tlS isoaOs foflys oS fpz;kdfjys l@shdldrSFjh fjkia jQ nejsks' fuz fya;`j
ksidu ksrka;rfhkau iudcYS,S osjshla .;lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka fnfyjska fu;a;d ixl,amh
fiajkh l< hq;af;a iudc iuznJO;d iEu tlloSu mdfya ffu;@S mQrAjlju lghq;` lsrSu w;sYh
jeo.;a nejsks'29
wjros. rgj,a jsiska ish ixjrAOkfhys uQ<OrAu f,i i,ld l@shdlrkq ,nk yd
Tjqkaf.a WmfoaYlhka udrA.fhka tajd taldka; i;H f,i furgg o fnodfokq ,nk" ngysr
oekquz moaO;s iEu jsglu mdfya mqoa.,hd yd iudch tlla jYfhka fkdj folla jYfhka
i,ld lghq;` lrkakg mQrAjdorAY imhd we;s uq;a l`rsre ukqIH >d;k yd f,a je.srjSuz
udrA.fhka o jsfYaIfhkau fj<Zo ixialD;sfhys wdOsm;H uZ.ska o hgm;a lr we;s fmros. oekquz
moaO;sj, jsfYaIFjh jkqfha iEu jsgloS u mqoa.,hd iucfhka jshqla; fldg fkdj
iudcfhysu mQrAj tallh jYfhka i,ld we;s njhs' jsfYaIfhkau fmros. oekquz moaO;sh
;`<oS;a" ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< fkdj m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< fnfyjskau fuz ms<snZoj
idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jS ;sfnz' tu ksidu ffjosl ixialD;shg jvd udkj flaJ|@shl iajrEmhla m@;s
ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`< jsoHudk fjz' m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh ;`<;a Igz Ydia;Djkaf.a wd.usl
b.ekajSuzj,g jvd jevs bvlvla nq|=iufhys udkj flaJ|@Sh iajNdjh yd iudcuh
198

9. iuznJO;djhka iuznJOfhka mqoa., l@shdldrSFjfhys we;s jgskdlu fmkajd oSug fya;`j jqfha
fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nq|=iuh w;am;a lrf.k we;s mqZM,a w;aoelSuz yd oekquz
fldgzGdYh ksid hehs ks.ukhlg
meusKsug mqZMjk' tfiau wkH iuhhka
yqfola fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jmirsh
yqfola fpz;kdfjka mrsndysrj ldhsl
mCIhg muKla iSud lr oelafuka
muKla iEySulg m;a jQ iajrEmhla
jsoHudk jk w;r nq|= iuh bka Tnzng
f.dia tys udkisl mCIh l@udkQl~,
wkaouska mrAfhaIKd;aul wkaouska is|=
lrkq ,enQ mqoa., w;aoelSuz mdol
lrf.k fy<sorjz lruska tys kj
udkhka lrd jsyso f.dia we;' iudcuh
l@shdldrSFjh ;`<oS tf,i fidhd .kakd
,o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys kj udkhka yd
m@fjzYhka b;du;a idrA:l wdldrfhka
iudc yeiSrSuzys wfkHdakH iqyonj yd
jsYajikSh nj jrAOkh lr.ksuska
mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi Ndjs;hg .ekSug
yelshdj we;'30 jsfYaIfhkau fn#oaO idrOrAu! ish,a,lau mdfya mdol jS we;af;a fu;a;d
ixl,amh flaJ|@fldgf.k nj meyeos,sju fmfkkakg ;sfnz' thg fya;`jla nq|=iuh b;du;a
wjsysxidjdoS oyula jSuhs' fndfyda fokd nq|=oyug jvd iSudka;sl jQ mru wjsysxidjla ffck
iuh ;`< jsoHudk fj;ehs mjikafka th w;a;ls,u:dkQfhda.S wjsysxid orAYkhla bosrsm;a lrk
nejsks' fuz ;`< wkHhka jsIfhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ksis wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jSu fmfkkakg
;sfn;;a" ;ukag b;du;a mSvdckl ;;ajhka flfrys fhduq lrk nejska ;ud flfrys fu;a;d
ixl,amh h:d whqrska l@shd;aul fjz hehs mejiSug wmyiqh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksis iudc
l@shdldrSFjh oel.ekSug kuz th wkHhka jsIfhys fukau ;ud jsIfhys o tlf,igu iSud
iuzfNaohlska f;drj l@shd;auljsh hq;`h' fuz fya;`j ksid nq|=iufhys ;ruz mqZM,a iajrEmfhka
ffck oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh iunrj l@shd;aul fkdfjz' fuz ksid nq|=iuhg jvd mqZM,a
jmirshl jQ mru wjsysxidjla fjk;a lsis|= iuhjdohl fkd b.ekafj;ehs mejish yelsh'31
iudc l@shdldrsFjfhys il@shldrS iajNdjh flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu meyeos,sju
oel.; yelsh' ienjskau fu;a;d ixl,amh wF:! iuzmkak jkqfha iudc l@shdldrSFjh ksiduh'32
idrOrAu!j, ish,af,ysu;a" iodpdr iuzmkak lghq;` is,af,ysu;a moku fu;a;d
ixl,amh f,i wF:! oelajsh yelafla ta is,a,lau wF:! iuzmkak jkqfha iudc miq;,h mdol
199

10. lrf.k yg.ekSu yd ;j|=rg;a fkdkeiS rZod meje;au ksidh'33 fuz ksid iudc miq;,hlska
mrsndysrj hful`g idrOrAu! fyda iodpdrh wF:! iuzmkak l< yelalla fkdfjz'34 tf,i
iudcfhka mrsndysrj idrOrAu!j,g fyda iodpdrhg fyda meje;aula ;snsh fkdyelafla ta
ish,a,f.au iSudjka usksia jgskdluz yd we.hquz wkqju ;SrKh flrekq iajrEmhla ta ;`<u
jsoHudk nejsks' usksia jgskdluz yd huz huz we.hquz tajdg ysus lrfokq ,nkafka iudch ;`<oS
iduQysl jYfhka tlZ.jkq ,nk ksyZv iuzuq;Ska j,oSh'35 ixl,amSh mCIfhka jshqla;j yodrkq
,nk idrOrAu! fuz wkqj Ndjs;fhys oS Ndjs;hg .kq ,nk ia:dkh" mqoa., iajrEmh wkqj l,ska
;SrKh l< fkdyels wdldrfhys jsjsO mrsjrA;kSh iajrEmhkag jsp,khjSu fuz wdldrfhka
fkdje<lajsh yels fohla jkq we;' idrOrAu! jsjsO iajrEmfhka mej;sh;a tys moku f,i
ie,flk fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j |=rg;a tys uq,a iajrEmfhkau l@shd;aul jSu u; tlS
idrOrAu!fhys iudcuh jeo.;alu rZod mj;S' usksia iudch ;`< iudcuh taldnoaO;djh rZod
mj;skafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh ta iudch ;`< l`uk wdldrfhka mejf;kafkao
hk lreK u;h'36 huz wdldrhlska usksfil` ;j flfkl`f.a uq<sl usksia whs;sjdisluz
W,a,x>kh lrhso tjsg fkdoekqj;au fya ;ukaf.a meje;auugu jsk lr.kafkl` njg fuz
ksrhdifhkau m;afjz'37 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys meje;au tnZ|= mqoa.,hd w;ska lvflfrk nejsks'
iudcfhys jQ huz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj iudc iuzu; huz fohla
lvjk wjia:djl oS th wfkl`;a mqoa.,hka flfrys n,mdkq ,nk iajrEmh wkqj th yqfola
wdpdr Ou! w,a,x>khla o idrOrAu! mCIfhys jQ msrsySula o fkdtfia kuz wmrdOhl
iajrEmfhys jrola o hkak ;SrKh flfrA'38
huz pdrs;@hla nsys jkafka iudcfhys
fjfik fmd|= ishZM fokdf.au iuzuq;sfhks' pdrs;@ jdrs;@
fofldgilg fuys fnoSu olakg ,efnz' jdrs;@ hkq
huzlsis fohla fkd l< hq;` hehs iduQyslj we;s
lr.kakd ,o ;SrKhla jk w;r jdrs;@ hkq fuz
wdldrfhkau huz huz foa fkd l< hq;` hehs we;s
lr.kakd ,o iduQysl neZoSu fjz' isrs;a jsrs;a f,i
yeZoskafjkafkao pdrs;@ yd jdrs;@ jYfhka wF:! olajk ,o
fohu fjz' fujeks foa iudcfhys yg.kq ,nkafka iudc
moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ mqoa.,hka Tjqfkdjqka w;r
iduQyslj we;s lr.kakd ,o udkqIsl neZoSu ksihs'
udkqIslFjh cks; jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,meu
ksidh'39 fuz whqrska mqoa.,hka ;`< iduQyslFjh cks;
lrk fu;a;d ixl,amh ixjrAOkSh mCIfhka ;j ;j;a
fudard h;au wdpdrOu! jmirsfhka o Tnzng hdug iu;a
fjz' tjsg wdpdr Ou! ;j|=rg;a wdpdrOu! f,i
200

11. fkdyeZoskafjk w;r tjd yeZoskafjkafka idrOrAu! f,ih'
idrOrAu! j,g meyeos,sju wd.usl miq;,hla" ixialD;sl miqnsula we;'
wd.usl" wdrA:sl yd iudchSh miqnsu fmd|=fjz .;al< th ixialD;sl miq;,h jYfhka
yeZoskafjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh o yqfola wdpdrOu! miqnsfuka wdruzN jS" pdrs;@ jdrs;@
Tiafia bosrshg .uka lr irOu! ;,hg <Z.d fjz' fmd|=fjz .;a l< ishZM wdpdrOu! yd idrOrAu!
iZoyd iudchSh iyNd.SFjh wfmaCIs; nejska yd iudc odhlFjh ,ensh hq;` nejska fu;a;d
ixl,amh Tiafia ishZM foh fm< .iajkq ,nhs' ishZM iudc ixia:djka w;frys hq;`luz yd
j.lSuz wF:! oelafjkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk jsg nejska hq;`luz yd j.lSuzj,u
;j;a iajrEmhlau jQ wdpdr Ou! fukau idrOrAu! o fu;a;d ixl,amhu mdolj yg .efka'40
fu;a;d ixl,amh ishZM fofhys mokuhs' cSjhhs' usksidf.a ishZM l@shdldrluz hym;a wxYhg
.uka lrjkafka tfukau iudch yd tjka iudc iuznJO;d flfrys l@shdldrS mCIfhka odhl
lrjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'41 fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh wfkla ixl,amj,g idfmaCIlj
b;du;a by< iudc l@shdldrSFjhla fmkajk ixl,amhla jYfhka o we.hqug md;@ l< yelsh'
jsfYaIfhka fu;a;d ixl,amg iudk wfkla iuh ixl,amj, jsoHdudk fkdjk m@dfhda.sl yr
moaO;shla yd iuia;uh mrsmQrAK njla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsoHdudkjSug tys nqoaOs mdol
jrAOkSh YlH;dj fkduZoj bjy,aa jS ;sfnz'
idrOrAu! ksrka;rfhkau iudch;a" mqoa.,hd;a Okd;aul wxYfhka bosrshg
.uka lrjSu msKsi uQ<slFjh imhk kshuqldrlhhs' fufyhquz m@OdkFjh .kakd idrOrAu!
ish,a,lau fu;a;d ixl,amfhka cSjh ,nhs' nz,Qlhsuz mjid we;s mrsos iudc nJOkhla f,i
idrOrAu! l@shd;auljSfuz oS iudcfhys tla tl iudc ixia:djka wrUhd o tla tla iudc
ixia:djla ;`< ixia:d.;jk mqoa.,hka w;r iduQyslnjla" us;@Fjhla cks;lrjSu wrUhd o"
fu;a;d ixl,amh iDcq f,iu ueosy;a fjz' fuz ueosy;ajSu iudc ixia:djka iEu tlla flfrysu
iudk f,i yd ;sria fukau isria iuznJO;djhka f,i o l@shd;aul fjz' fuys isria
iuznJO;djhka f,i wF:!h:kh jkafka iudcfhys m@OdkFjh .kakd wkqms<sfj< hgf;ys by<
isg wjidk mqrel olajd mqoa.,dka;r iy ixia:duh iuznJO;djhka jk w;r" ;sria
iuznJO;djhka jkafka tl iudc ix;shlu fyda tlu fY@aKsfhys jQ mqoa.,dka;r iy iudc
ixia:duh iuznJO;djhkah' wmg iudcfhys jsjsO mqoa.,hka iuz. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fuls ;sria
yd isria iuznJO;djhkaj,g wkqj wm iudch keue;s wm jeksu mqoa.,hskaf.ka iqieos iqjsYd,
moaO;sh yd tla jS jsjsO l@shdldruzys fhfokafkda fjuq'42
oKavkh" kS;sh ms<snZo oDIaGs fldaKfhka jsuid ne,Sfuys oS" huzlsis jrola
hkak wF:!l:kh lr we;af;a iudcfhys cSj;ajk ishZM fokdf.au iduQysl meje;aug
tlZ.Fjhg jsreoaOj hdula fyda tu iduQysl nj LKavkh lsrSug uQ,dY@ iemhSula f,ih' tjsg
ta iZoyd m@;slu!h jYfhka kej;;a iudcfhys tlS iduQysl nju we;s fldg th uekjska
201

12. m@;sIaGdmkhg m;alrjSu msKsi;a" iduh yd iuZ.sh jrAOkh lrjSu msKsi;a kS;sh keue;s
jHia:d moaO;sh wkqj lghq;` lr tu kS;shg wkq.;j tys iZoyka jk mrsoafoka tlS jrog iq|=iq
oKavk l@ufjzohla ;`<ska tu jro
ksjeros lsrSu msKsi;a"
m<s.ekSfuys fpz;kdfjka
mrsndysrj wod< pqos;hd flfrys
ioaNdjfhka lghq;` ms<sfh< lrkq
,nhs' iudcfhys kS;sh keue;s
fmd|= yd iduqysl jHjia:dud<dj
ilia jS we;af;a o fulS wruqKq
bgqlr.ekSu uZ.ska iudc
iduQyslFjh iqrCIs; lr,Su
iZoydh' tla tla iudc ixia:d
w;r udkqIsluh me;slv Tiafia
jsYajikSh id idOdrK
.Kqfokqj,g uZ.yir fy<s
fmfy<s lr.ekSu wrNhdh' tu
ksid kS;sh iEu jsgu
irAjidOdrK yd irAj ksrAfodaIs
ish,a,ka jsiskau w.hfldg
ie,lsh hq;a;lao jkafkah'
tfukau kS;sh l@shd;aul jkafka ieu mqoa.,fhl`f.au fm#oa.,sl iudc ;;ajh wkqj fkdj
ish,a,kau iudkFjfhka ie,ls,a,g f.kh' tu ksid kS;shg olajk f.#rjh jkdyS yqfola
jHjia:d ud<djlg muKla olajk mCImd;SFjhla fkdj iudcfhys fmd|= nj iduQyslFjhg
tlZ.Fjhg olajk ie,ls,a,la yd f.#rjhla fjz' iudc taldnoaO;djh rZod meje;au iZoyd
fuu lreK w;sYhska jeo.;a fjz'43
kS;sh jkdyS iudcfhys fjfik mqoa.,hska w;r mKjd .kakd ,o fmd|=
jHjia:d ud<djls' meKjSuz moaO;shls' fuu jHjia:djka meKjSu fyda ilia lsrSug ;ks
mqoa.,fhl`g muKla ksfYaOs; n,hla fkdue;s w;r th iudcfhys wfkl`;a idudcslhka w;r
we;s lr.kq ,nk fmd|= tlZ.Fjhla u;" tu tlZ.Fjh iqrCIs; lr.kq iZoydu is|= lr.kq
,nk meKjSulau jsh hq;`h'44 tu meKjsu uZ.ska yqfola iudcfhys fmd|= tlZ.Fjh iqyoFjh
us;@Fjh iqrCIs; jsh hq;` w;r fuz ;`<ska lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa.,hska lKavdhul
rsojSfuz fyda m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdjla fkdjsh hq;`h' fyj;a oafjzIfhka f;drj us;@Fjfhka hq;`j
iEu flfkl`g ;j;a mqoa.,fhl` iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz yelshdj iqrCIs; lsrSfuz woyiskau
jHjia:dj iEu fokd jsiskau wdrCId lsrSug neZoS isgs;s'
202

13. jrola is|=lrkq ,nkafka iudc iduQyslFjhg tfrysj nejska oKavkfhys
moku jsh hq;af;a mqoa.,fhl`f.ka fyda mqoa., lKavdhfuka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka fkdjk
nejska oKavkfhys wruqK jsh hq;af;a o iudc yd mqoa., m<s.ekSulska f;drj mqoa., yd
iudc iduQyslFjh we;s lrjSuhs' fuz fya;`j ksid mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd .ekSu;a" iudch
iqrCIs; lsrSu;a hk folu tlajr iq|=iq wdldrfhka m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdfjka f;drj fhdokq
,nk oKavkh ;`<ska wfmaCIs;hs' nq|=rcdKka jykafia ldhsl oKavkfhka neyerj udkisl
oKavkh wkqu; lr we;af;a o mqoa.,hd jroska uqojd hym;g .ekSfuz yelshdjla ta ;`< we;s
nejsks' udkisl oKavkh l@shd;aul jkafka mqoa.,hd jroska uqqojd Tyqg;a" fiiq iudchg;a"
hym;la is|=lr,Sfuz ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia nejska th iq|=iq l@ufjzohla f,i ks.ukh
l< yelsh'45
fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia ish pska;kh fufyhjk mqoa.,hd w;ska ;ukag;a
iudchg;a hym;lau muKla Wodfjhs' Wolau ;ud ;`< we;s mqyq|=ka iajNdjh ksidu"
yosisfhka we;sjk jsjsO ps;a;fjz.sl is;sjs,s yd iakdhquh wdfjz.hka ksid huz jrolg fyda
jroldrS njlg fyda mqoa.,hd fhduq jqj o jyd ;u jro isysjSfuka fyda fjk;a flfkl` jsiska
fmkajd fokq ,enSfuka miq Tyqg ksjerosjSug wjldY ie,fikafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh
ksrka;rfhkau ,enSu ksid Tyq ;`< wNHka;r wys;lr wxYfhys ps;a;fjz.d;aul md,khla
f.dvkeZ.S ;snSu;a os.` l,la ;siafia tnZ|= iajlSh md,khlg fu;a is; fmrgq fldgf.k ;@sjsO
oajdrfhka lgqhq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd uekjska yqre mqre|=j isgSu;a ksidh'46 ;ud ;`< fu;a;d
ixl,amh jrAOkhjSu lsisfia;a huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` iudch;`< wl@shdldrS WodiSk mqoa.,fhl`
njg m;a fkd lrjk w;r iudch ;`< fnfyjska l@shdldrS prs; .;lrkafka fu;a;d
ixl,amfhka iukajs; is;a we;af;dau fj;s'47
usksia iudchla hkq ksrka;rfhka ir< frALshj ir< iudka;rj yeujsgu
.uka lrkakla" jsldYh jkakla fkdfjz' iudch fndfyda ixlSrAK ia:dkhls' tnejska tys
iudc iuznJO;djhka o fnfyjska ixlSrAKh fujka ixlSrAK iudc iuznJO;djhka mj;ajd ta
ta iudc ixia:dj,g wh;a mqoa.,hka o ir< fkdjQ cSjs; .; lrkakka fj;s'48 fujka ixlSrAK
ffoksl cSjk rgdjla .;lrkakg jSu ksid jrA;udkfhys fnfyjska usksiqka ;`< isrefrys
ffcjuh wiu;`<s;;djh fya;`fjka yg.efkk fkdfhl`;a ldhsl frda.dndOhka" wOsl f,i
udkisl f;fygzgqjg m;ajSu fya;`fjka oevs udkisl wd;;sh ksid yg.kakd udkisl
frda.dndOhka yd fud<fhys iakdhq.; frda.dndOhka nyq, f,i jHdma;j we;' tfiau tu
ixlSrAK frda.dndOhkag m@;sldr m;d frday,a .;jkakka o nyq,h' fujka iudcfhys mj;sk
jsIu ;;ajhka ksid yg.kakd jsjsO ldhsl |=rAj,;djhka yd udkisl wd;;Skaf.ka usksia uki
ksrka;rfhka mSvdjg m;ajk nejska fulS frda.dndO iqjlr .ekSu msKsi jrA;udkfhys
203

14. fndfyda mqoa.,hka YdrSrsl yd udkisl bys,anjla we;slr .ekSu msKsi ldhsl yd udkisl
wNHdi mqyqKq lrjkakd jQ ia:dk lrd fndfyda fia weoS h;s'49
nq|=iuh fmkajd fokq ,nkafka wOsl jev
lghq;` j,ska f;dr iqjodhl ieye,a,q nj mqoa., ukig
jsfjzlh yd iykYS,;djh f.k fok njhs' tfiau fu;a;d
ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa., uki b;du;a blaukska
ieye,a,q yd iqjodhs iajNdjhlg mrsjrA;kh jk wdldrh
nq|=iuh uekjska js.@yfldg fmkajhs'50 usksia ukfiys wd;;s
iukhg fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ;ruz ;j;a fjkhuz
Tiqjla fkdue;s ;rug tuZ.ska ,efnk mqoa., yd iudc
iykYS,;djh buy;ah' fuuZ.ska ,efnk iudc
iykYS,;djh fl;ruz o lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d
lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd flfrys wdlrAIKhla olajkafka yqfola
ukqIHhkau muKla fkdj jsjsO ik`ka hCI fm@a; foaj;d yd
n@yau jeks fldgzGdY uy;a rdYshla jQ wukqIH fldgia o we;s
nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuhska fmfkkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh
Ndjs;dfjka jrA;udkfhys wm is;d isgk iudch jk
usksiqkaf.ka muKla iqieos iudchg;a jvd mqZM,a jQ w;sYhskau
jsYd,s;j jQ iudc moaO;shla yd ta ;`< jsjsO iudc
iuznJOdjhka wka;rA.; ikaksfjzok cd,hla fu;a;d
ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu ksrka;rfhkau mqre|= mqyqKq lsrSu ;`< mqoa.,hkayg Wreu jk njhs'51
wm jrA;udkfhys iudch hkakg usksiqkaf.ka muKla iukajs; iudchla wF:!
olajkq ,enQj;a nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a wF:!l:kh wkqj iudch fuu usksia iudch blaujd
iFjhska wukqIHhska we;`ZMj jsYajSh iudch flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjd tu jsYajsh
iudcfhys usksid jsish hq;af;a fldhs wdldrhlg o yd tu iudcfhys usksid fiiq iFjhska
iuZ. iudcuh iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .; hq;af;a yd iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajd.; hq;af;a l`uk
mqoa.,hska iuZ. l`ukdldrhg oehs hkdoS jYfhka b;du;a mqZM,a oelaulska hqla;j Wmfoia ,nd
oS ;sfnz'52 ta iEu jsgloSu ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,hd wjfYaI iFjhska iuZ. lghq;` l< hq;af;a
fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj nj Wkajykafia jsiska wjOdrKh lrkq ,en we;' tjsg usksidg
;uka fkdis;k wdldrhg ;ukag lsisosk msysg fjzhehs fkdis;k jsjsO wukqIH iFj
fldgzGdYjs,ska mjd msysg yd wdrCIdj ie,fik nj fuysoS jevs |=rg;a Wkajykafia jsiska
meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' ffu;@sh ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.kakd yd jv jvd;a th jO!kh lrf.k
ta wkqj lghq;` lrkakd mqoa.,hd wukqIHhskag mjd m@sh ukdm jk nj yd wukqIHhkaf.ka mjd
msysg ie,fik wdldrh b;d m@dfhda.slj Tmamqlr fmkajd oS ;sfnz'53
204

15. fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj lghq;` lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hkag jsjsO ffcj
fldgzGdY w;sYhskau m@shlrk nj o fuu ffcj fldgzGdY w;rg usksidg wu;rj jsjsO ffcj
jsfYaIhka o wka;rA.; jk nj o nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska fmkajd oS we;af;a usksid ;`< ;ud
yer wfkl`;a iFjhska ms<snZoj lsishuz idkqluzms; oelaula my<jSu uZ.ska usksid iajNdjfhkau
us;@YS,S iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ wh njg mrsjrA;kh lsrSu msKsih' wju jYfhka wm
cSjSka jYfhka i,lkq ,nk Ydl f,dalh flfrys mjd fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroersj l@shdlrk
fuka NsCIqka jykafia,dyg fkdfhl`;a jsg Wmfoia ,nd oS we;s wdldrh wkqj nq|=rdcKka
jykafia ieneu mrsirfjzosfhl` jYfhka l@shdldrS jS we;s wdldrh yZ|=kd.; yel'54 wdydr
oduhl ksIamdolhd f,i usksid we;`ZM ffcj mrsirh mj;skafka yd rZod mj;skafka Ydl
f,dalh mokuz lrf.k nejska usksia l@shdldrluz fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj Ydl f,dalh /l
.ekSu iZoyd o jsYd, odhlFjhla iemhsh hq;`h hkak nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a woyi nj
fuhska meyeos,sh'
iudcfhys;a iudc l@shdldrSFjfhys;a wdruzNl ia:dkh mqoa.,hd yd mqoa.,
l@shdldrSFjh f,i ms<s.kakd nq|= iuh ksrka;rfhkau mqoa.,.; l@shdldrSFjh wrUhd wkHhka
jsIfhys ys;dkqluzmSj lghq;` lsrSu yd wfkHdkH iuQmldr meje;au wkqu; lr we;af;a hym;a
mrudorAYS iudc iuznJO;d f.dkeZ.Sfuz oS yd tajd uekjska mj;ajdf.k hefuz oS wkHhkaf.a
mqoa., prs; iajNdjh yd wdfjzKsl huz huz .;s isrs;a ksid ps;a; wdfjz.hkag k;`jSu uZ.ska tu
iudc iuznJO;djhka nsZoS hEfuys bvlv nyq, nejsks'55 tuZ.ska iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Sfuz
oS yd meje;ajSfuz oS tla mdrAYpjhla w;ska is|=jk yd is|=jsh yels b;du;au iqZM iqZM wvqmdvqluz
fkd i,ld yer wfkla mdrAYpjh foi ohdkqluzmdfjka ne,Sug yelshdj we;s mqoa.,hska
fldgzGdYhla nsyslsrSu fuu orAYkfhys moku f,i ie,fla'56
iudc nsZojegSula fyda iudc wr.,hla ksrAudKhjSug;a th jrAOkhjsug;a
iudch ;`< tla mqoa., fldgzGdYhla ;j;a mqoa., fldgzGdYhla fm<uska urAOkh lruska
Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdisluz N`la;sjsZoSu fya;` idOl fjz' fufia jkqfha n,h ms<snZo we;sjk ;Kaydj
fya;`fjka mqoa., whs;sh md.d urd oeuSu ksidh' fuh lsisfia;a fifkyi udkj ohdj
uq,afldgf.k is|=jkakd jQ l@shdjla fkdfjz' oafjzI iy.; is;ska l`rsre wdl,amj,ska is|= lrkq
,nkakla jk w;r m@;sM,h ixudc ixia:djka w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka mZM|= jS hEuh'
mqoa., yd iudc iuznJO;djhkays f.#rjKSh iajNdjh fifkyi us;@Fjh yd iqrCIs; lsrSug
fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d jSu fuz ksid wjYHu jQ fohls'57 fu;a;d ixl,amfhka mrsndysrj
is|=lrkq ,nk mqoa., iuznJO;djhla fyda iudc ixjrAOkhla wF:! iuzmkak fkdfjz' fu;a;d
ixl,afmys wF:!h rZod mj;skafka o th mqoa., iuznJO;djh blaujd iudc iuznJO;djh lrd
fhduq jk wjia:dj ;`< oSh' mqoa., iuznJO;djhkays oS fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdjk njla
205

16. fuhska woyia fkdfjz' mqoa., iuznJO;djhkaj, oS Ndjs;d flfrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mgq
iajrEmh jk w;r iudc iuznJO;djhka ys oS tys mqZM,a iajrEmh Ndjs;hg .kq ,nhs'58
fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska mqZM,a udkqIsl
YlH;djhlska iukajs; ixl,amhla jk w;r m@cdkk"
wdfjzok" prAhduh" Z{dk jsNd.Sh yd iudcuh jeks me;slv
.Kkdjlska iukajs; jQjls' fuz fya;`j ksidu fu;a;d
ixl,amh fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd iudcuh iuznJO;djhka
flfrys jevs jYfhka odhlFjhla iemhsh yels yd imhkakd
jQ ixl,amhls' i;H jYfhkau iudc iuznJO;d werUSfuz oS
f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS jrAOkh lsrSfuz oS mj;ajd .ekSfuz oS
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys hf:dala; jsjsO me;slv jsjsOdldrfhka
odhlFjhla ta msKsi imhkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
m@cdkk me;slv iudc iuznJO;djhkays wdruzNl ia:dkhhs'
uQ<slju usksia ukfiys Wmosk us;@YS,S wdl,am ckkh jkafka
yd wjfndaOlr.kq ,nkafka m@cdkkh fya;`fjks' fu;a;d
ixl,amh wkHhka flfrys we;slr .ekSu fukau wkH
mqoa.,hka ;ud fj; olajk fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska
jgydf.k ta wkqj Tjqkayg m@;spdr oelajSu o is|=lrkq
,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk me;slv iudcuh
wxYfhka l@shd;aul jSfuys oSh'59 tfukau uQ<slju ;u isf;ys
wkHhka fjkqfjka yg.kq ,enQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ;j ;j;a jO!kh lr .ksuska wLKavj
mj;ajdf.k hkafka yd fiiq me;slvjk wdfjzok" prAhduh" Z{dk jsNd. yd iudcuh me;slv
Tiafia us;@YS,sFjh jO!kh lr.ekSu Wfoid wod< tla tla me;slv w;r iudfhdack
ldrAhNdrh uekjska bgqlrkq ,nkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@cdkk me;slv wdOdrfhks'60
wdfjzok me;slv uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjz.YS,S nj fyj;a yeZ.Suz
ckkh lsrSufuz yd th biau;` lsrSfuz wjia:dj Wod lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol
lrf.k we;sjk wdfjz.hka b;du;au ishquz ugis,sgs wdfjzokhka jk w;r th b;du;au
ieye,a,q is; ksjd,k iqZM wdfjzokhka fjz' idudkHhka wm fiiq wdfjzokhka uZ.ska is|=lrkq ,nk
Ndjd;aul mCIh l<Uk iqZM iajNdjh fjkqjg fuhska is|=jkqfha is; tlZ. njg m;alsrSu
muKs'61 tu yeZ.Suz yd Ndjhka u;`lsrSu WoaoSmkh lsrSu uZ.ska iudcfhys tla tla mqoa.,hka
w;r we;sjk Ndjuh ;;ajhka uq,a lr.kakd ,o ifydaord;aul fukau us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz ckkh
lrkq ,nhs' ;udg fukau fiiq iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` wrUhd isf;ys
ckkh jk m@S;sh yg.ekSu iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdfjzok me;slv mqoa.,fhl`yg uy;a
fia Wmldrj;a fjz'62 tla mqoa.,fhl` ;`< uqyqKska isrerska ckkh jk m@shukdm jQ us;@YS,S
206

17. udkisl wdjzokhka olsk ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`f.a fyda mqoa.,hka msrsilf.a o is;ays tu lreK
wrUhd us;@YS,S wdl,am we;sjSug Okd;aul jYfhka we;s iuzNdjs;dj b;du;au wOsl nejz
meyeos,sh' iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka flfrys us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska iukajs;j
lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ;j ;j;a tu is;sjs,s frdamKh jS tu mqoa.,hdf.a
muKla fkdj Tyq iuZ. lghq;` lrk fiiq whf.a o is;a i;ka ksjS iekyS hkafka fndfyda
ieye,a,q wdldrfhka jSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh fudkjg biau;`fldg fmkajk
wjia:djls'63 fN#;sl jYfhka .;al< mqoa.,hdf.a isrefrys fydafudak ls@hdldrSFjh hym;a
w;g mrsjrA;khjSug;a f,a Od;`j mjs;@jSug;a udkisl yd ldhsl kSfrda.S;djh yg .ekSug;a
us;@YS,S wdfjzok j,ska iukajs;j ish ffoksl osjs fmfj; .;lsrSu yd iudchSh lghq;`j,
ksr;jSu uy;a msgsjy,la jk nejz fmkajd osh yelsh'64
iudc cSjs;fhys uy;a fia WmldrSjk fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys fiiq me;slvla kuz prAhduh me;slvhs'
wkHhkayg WmldrlsrSu" jsmf;ys oS ;ukag jsm;la meusKshd
fia is;d thg msysgjSu" jeks foa uZ.ska ndysrj iudch iuZ.
fN#;slj lghq;` lsrSu fuhg we;`<;a fjz' fu;a;d ixla,mh
mdol lrf.k iudcYS,SNdjhg meusfKk mqoa.,hd m@cdkk
me;slfvka ixl,am .ukdruzNj wdjzok me;slv ;`< .ukalr
f;jk woshr f,i .uka lrkakd jQ osYdk;sh prAhduh
me;slv uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA' fu;a;d ixla,mfhys prAhduh
me;slv ;`<ska iudc iuznJO;d werUSu" mj;ajdf.k hdug
fm<fUk mqoa.,hdf.a mqjsfYaIs;djh jkqfha ieu jsgloSu
us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs;j ;udf.a yeisrSuz rgdj
wkHhkaf.a is;a fkdrsfok mrsos f.dvkZ.d .ekSug tu
mqoa.,hka ;`< mj;sk iqjsYd, oCI;djhhs'65
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Z{dk jsNd.Sh me;slv
uZ.ska mqoa.,hdf.a iudc iuznJO;djhkays oS tlS mqoa.,
udkisl iajNdjh ljrdldrfhka nqoaOsuh odhlFjhla iudc
iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Su yd f.dvkZ.d .kq ,enQ iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska mj;ajdf.k hEu
msKsi ,ndfokafkaoehs jsuid ne,Su is|=lrkq ,nhs' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj jikafka kuz
fyda tlS mqoa.,hd iudchla ;`< iudc iuznJO;d fkdm;ajhs kuz tlS mqoa.,hdf.a nqoaOsuh
mCIh ms<snZoj t;ruz |=rglg jsuid l@shdlsrSu wjYH fkdjk lreKls' ukao yqfola TzkEu
iFjfhl`f.a uQ<sl wjYH;d wju jYfhka ix;Dma; lsrSu iZoyd wjYHjk Z{dk jsNd.
ixorANhla muKla wejeisjk ;;ajhla ;`< thg jvd nqoaOsuh ixorANhla mej;su fyda
fkdmej;su iudchg fyj;a wkH mqoa.,hkayg .egZMjla fkdjkakd jq fm#oa.,sl jq lreKla
207

18. jk nejsks' kuq;a Z{dk jsNd.h iuznJOfhka iudch mCIh js.@ylr ne,Sfuz oS yqfola ;ks
mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjYH;djhka blaujd .sh iudcuh wjYH;djhka uekjska ix;Dma; lsrSu msKsi
,ndfok nqoaOsuh odhlFjh ms<snZoj jsurAYkh lsrSug wjYH fjz'66
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh me;slv ielfikafka fulS ishZM me;slvj,
odhlFjh ,enSu fya;`fjka iudc moaO;sfhys taldnoaO;djh uekjska mj;ajdf.k hEu flfrys
fldmuK Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkjdo hk lreK flaJ|@fldg f.khs' fu;a;d ixl,amh
fndfydafldgu iudc me;slv fnfyjska jsoHudk ixl,amhls' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` yqol,dj
fjfikjdg jvd iudch iuZ. iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS us;@YS,S wdl,am we;slr.ekSu
w;HjYHh' tnejska ksrdifhkau mqoa.,hd us;@YS,Sj iyfhda.fhka lghq;` lsrSfuz oS fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys iudc me;slv m@fhda.slj l@shdjg kZ.kafka fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wjidk
ksIaGdj jkqfha o fulS iudcuh me;slvu fjz' fuys woyi mqoa.,fhl` ;udyg muKla fkdj
iudchg;a jevodhl mqoa.,fhl` njg mrsjrA;kh jSuhs'67 mqoa.,hd ;`< ksirA. jYfhkau
mj;skakd jQ wd;audrA:lduS iajNdjh myj hkafka o fulS iudc me;slv Tyq ;`< udkjska
jO!kh jSfuys oSh' ;ud;a wkH mqoa.,hkq;a w;r is;ska we;slr f.k isgskakd jQ iSud iuzfNaoh
is;ska |=rej hkqfha o wd;audrA:lduS iajNdjh wvq jQ ;rugh' wd;audrA:h ;uka yd wkqka w;r
jsYd, udkisl mjqrla we;s lrjkq ,nhs' fuz mjqr nsZo oefukqfha jv jvd;a jOkh lr.kq ,enQ
fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.sks' lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` b;d fydZo iudcYS,s osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq
,nkafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wd;audrA:lduS is;sjs,s fkdue;s jk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh
jO!kh jS we;s jsg muKs'
fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,fhl` iudc cSjs;h hym;aj .; lsrSu msKsi
fm<fUk yqre lrjk ixl,amhls' fiiq idrOrAu! w;rska fu;a;d ixl,amhg iqjsfYaIs ia:dkhla
jeo.;alula ,efnkafka fiiq idrOrAu! wF:!j;a jkafka fu;a;d ixla,m mqoa., uki ;`<
l@shdldrS jkafka kuz muKla nejsks' mrs;Hd.h .;fyd;a fjkhuz flfkl`yg hula mrs;Hd.
lsrSfuz is;la bmfokafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksidh' wkHhka fj; fjkhuz fyda lsis|=
Wmldrhla lsrSu msKsi lsishuz fyda mqoa.,fhl` fm<fukafka tu mqoa.,hdf.a isf;ys wkHhka
ms<snZo us;@YS,S wdl,am yg.kakd nejsks' fuz fya;`j ksid idrOrAu! isf;ys yg.ekajSug fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh b;du;a il@Sh f,i wjYH jkjd muKla fkdj fu;a;d ixl,amh
isf;ys mQrAjx.u jYfhka yg.ekSug o fuz wkqj iduQysl meje;au fya;`jk nj meyeos,sj
oelajsh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iudc cSjs;fhys oS;a mqoa.,sl cSjs;fhys oS;a tl yd iudkj
mqoa.,hdyg jeo.;a jkafka ukaoehs fidhd ne,Sfuz oS th ;uka yd fiiq wh w;r we;s lr.kq
,nk tla;rd wdldrhl woDIHudk .sjsiqula jeks fohla l@shd;aul jSu ksid nj fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdNdIhg ,la jQ mqoa.,hdg jegyS hd yelsh' thg fya;`j kuz i;Hh jYfhkau
iudch yd mqoa.,hd w;r fmd|= tlZ.Fjhla we;sjSu u; idOkSh udkisl iuznJO;djhka
us;@Fjh Tiafia yg.eksuhs'68 fuu udkisl iuznJO;djh yg.efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh
208

19. l@shd;aul jk fudfydf;ys oS tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a udkisl iajNdjh fu;a;d ixla,mh Tiafia
lsishuz tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSu ksidh' fyj;a us;@YS,S wdl,am" us;@YS,S yeZ.Suz yd us;@YS,S prAhd
rgdjka ksid iEu mqoa.,fhl`gu ;uka wkH mqoa.,hd hkqfjka ndysr f,dalh is;ska f.dvkZ.d
f.k ;sfnk mjqr us;Hdjla nj jegfykakg mgka .kS' us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska iukajs; tl
ndysr iudc moaO;shla jqj o yZ.skq ,nkafka ;uka fjka fjka mqoa.,hska rdYshla jYfhka fkdj
tla mqoa.,fhl` jYfhks' fuh iudcuh taldnoaO;djfhys wdruzNl wjia:dj jYfhka o
yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' fujka iudcuh taldnoaO;djh uZ.ska ukd uki YsCIKh lr.kq ,nk
mqoa.,hska lKavdhula yqfola l@shd;aul jkafka o ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska jYfhka fkdj iduQysl
pska;khlska iukajs; tla ;ks mqoa.,fhl` jYfhks'69 i;H jYfhkau iudcuh talShFjfhys
uq,au w;a;sjdru jefgkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa., ps;a; wNHka;rhg m@fjzYj tys ;ekam;aj
mqoa., l@shdldrSFjh iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSu Tiafia tys l@shdldrSFjhg iudc foayh
k;`jSu;a iu.uh' mqoa., l@shdldrSjfhys yd iudcuh ls@hdldrSFjfhys tald;ausljSu ke;fyd;a
tlajSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmrsu iudc M,h f,i iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska yZ|=kdf.k ;sfnz'
usksid iajNdjfhkau iudcSh iFjfhls' iudc cSjs;hg iy iudcYS,SNdjhg
Wm;skau usksid ,eoshdj olajkafkls' th Tyqqf.a iychhs' huz flfkl` wmrdOhla l< jsg kS;s
bosrsfhys jrolrefjl` jk nj Tmamq jQ jsg Tyq isr.; lsrSu hkqfjka is|=lrkakd jQ
l@shdj<sfhys mku jkqfha Tyqg oZvqjula jYfhka wjfYaI iudcfhka fjkafldg ;enSuh' fuh
Tyqg YdrSrsl fukau udkisl o oKavkhls' fuuZ.ska Tyqg ;udf.a wjfndaO fldgf.k bka
ksjeros ms<sfj;g meusKSu wod< oZvqjuz ,ndoSfuz mrudrA:hhs' boska usksid ;`< iudchSh
iFjfhl` jYfhka osjs f.jSfuz iych ke;fyd;a iycdYdj fkd;snqfka jS kuz" Tyq isr.;
fldg ;enSu uZ.ska Tyqg ovqjuz ,ndoSu f;areula fkdue;s l@shdjla njg m;a fjz' ta Tyq jvd
leu;s" m@sh lrk fohska fjka lsrSu uZ.ska Tyqg ldhsl yd udkisl wmyiq njla cks; lrjSuhs'
huz fyhlska usksid iudchSh iFjfhl` fkdjqkd kuz iycfhkau yqol,dj m@sh lrkafkl` jS
kuz tjsg by; olajk ,o ovqju ;j|=rg;a oKavkhla fkdj wdYsrAjdohla njg bfnzu
mrsjrA;kh fjz' kuq;a h:d iajNdjh th fkdjk nj wms oksuq' boska usksidf.a o iycdYdj
wkH mqoa.,hka iu. iyfhda.fhka iycSjkfhka iuQmldrfhka l@shdlsrSu kuz ta us;@YS,S nj
we;s lsrSu msKsi lsishuz iychla o ksrdhdifhka Tyq ;`< f.dvkeZ.S ;snsh hq;`uh' fuz iych
kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' ienjskau fu;a;d ixl,amh neyerska usksia is;a i;ka ;`<g m@fjzY
lr.kq ,nkakla fkdj th ksrdhdifhkau ujzl`i ;`< oSu iycfhkau wdfjzKsfhkau usksidg o
fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkag o Wreu jkakla f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' usksid fukau fiiq iFj
jsfYaIhka o iajNdjfhkau ke;sj yqol,dj yeisrSug jvd rxpq jYfhka .ejiSug jevs
ukdmhla olaj;s' fuhg fya;` jYfhka iZoyka l< yelafla Tjqkaf.a wdrCIdjg ksrdhdifhkau
Tjqka ;`< iycfhkau u;`jk iychka f,isks' th ffcj jsoHd;aulj iFj jsfYaIhkaf.a bosrs
meje;au iqrCIs; lsrSu iZoyd ksrdhdifhkau mejf;uska tk iyc cdkuh jQ ,CIKhls' usksid
o iFj jsfYaIhlg wh;a cSjsfhl` jk nejska fuu ,CIKh usksidg o Wreuh' wE; w;S;fha
209

20. isgu usksia ckdjdi uq,skau nsys jQ od isg usksid yqre mqre|= jQfha yqol,dj cSj;ajSug fkdj
iuQy jYfhka lKavdhuz jYfhka osjs f.jSugh' ixpdrl hq.fha oS mjd usksiqka lKavdhuz
jYfhka rglska rglg m<d;lska m<d;lg iuzfm@aIKh jkakg yqre mqre|= jS isgs njg mqrd
jsoHd;aul idOl wo mjd jsoHudkh' jsfYaIfhkau f,dal YsIaGdpdrfhys jsjsO ck lKavdhuz
fndfyda wE; w;S;fha oS tlu ck lKavdhulska mej; js;a jsjsO rgj, wdfjzKsl iajNdjsl
mrsir ;;ajhkag ukdj wkq.; jSfuka miq Tjqka w;r jrA;udkfhys jsoHdudk fN#;sl
jsjsO;djhka yg.;a nj udkj jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ffcj jsoHd;aul idOl iys;j fmkajd oS we;'
rglska rglg k.rfhka k.rhlg m<d;lska m<d;lg usksiqka YsIaGdpdrfha
tla;rd hq.hl oS ixl@uKh fjuska yqfola ixpdrl hq.hla .; lroaoS jqj;a usksiqkaf.a
iduQysl yeisrSfuz iychka fkdfjkiaj mejf;uska ;snsKs' usksid l@ufhka YsIaGFjfhka
ixjO!khg m;afj;au udkisl mCIfhka b;du;a by< nqoaOsuh mrsmdlhg .uka .ks;au Tyq
;`< uQ<slj mejf;uska meusKs iyfhda.S;djh oshqKq ;,hlg m;ajSfuz m@jK;djhla we;sjSu
udkj wjYH;djhla njg ksrdhdifhkau m;ajsKs' usksid fN#;sl jYfhka ixjrAOkfha by<u
;,h lrd iuzm@dma; njska isgsh o Tyq jsiska wfmaCIs; wdOHd;ausl ixjrAOkfha m@;sM, ;ju
,nd fkdisgsk fihla Tyqf.a jrA;udk prAhd rgd wOHhk lrk l, fmkS hhs' ndysrska
ixjrAOkfhys m@;sM, iamrAY l< o ta yd iudkju ukiska wdOHd;ausl ;;ajfha wfmaCIs;
ksIaGdjg meusKSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;ajSu iudcfha oejeka; lvd jegSug uQ<slju
fya;`jhs'70 mqoa.,hd ;`< n,mj;ajk Tyqf.a wdOHd;ausl ;,h ls,sgs lrk huz huz Ou!;djhkag
Tyq ksrdhdifhkau k;`jSu fya;`fjka yd tu ;;ajhkag Yla;su;aj uqyqK oSug ;ruz Tyqf.a
wdOHd;auh Yla;su;a fkdjSu fya;`fjka jrA;udk usksid iudc mrsydkshg m;aj isgshs'
BrAIHdj" ffjrh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj hk iDKd;aul
ixl,amhkaf.a fm<UjSu ksid usksidf.a wdOHd;auh wfmaCIs; idrOrAu! ksIaGdjg meusKSug
wfmdfydi;aj we;' fuz fya;`j ksid iudc ixia:d w;r wiu.sh jO!kh fjuska mj;S'71 iudc
ixia:d tlska tl lvd jegSug mgka f.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amh fulS wdOHd;ausl ;;ajh kZ.d
isgqjSug .; yels fydZou jsiZ|=uhs' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enz jkqfha mqoa., .; |=l fukau
iudc.; |=l o ix;Dma; lrk wdldrfha b;d oejeka; udkisl bys,a njls' fu;a;d ixl,amh
ish cSjs;hg <Z.d lr.eksu uZ.ska mqoa., fm#reIFjh f.dvkZ.d .ekSug wjYH bvkv
iemsfrkjd muKla fkdj iudc.; fm#reIFjh jrAOkh lr .ekSug o fuhska wjldY
ie,fia'
mqoa.,.; fukau iudc.; oshqKqj i,id .ekSu msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
odhlFjh b;d uy;ah' wkHhkaf.a oshqKqj oel th fu;a is;ska bjiSug bka ;u is;g o i;`gla
Wmojd .ekSug o wkHhka yd wkjYH f,i ;rZ.ldrS osjs fmfj;lg fkdf.dia ;ukag ;sfnk
m@udKfhka iEySulg m;a jS osjs f.jSug wjYH udkisl jd;djrKh ilia lr fokq ,nkafka
210

21. fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' iaj,amfhka iEySug m;ajSu yd ;ukag ;sfnk m@udKfhka iekiSu hym;a
iudc iuznJO;djhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS yd f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o iudc iuznJO;djhka
mj;ajdf.k hEfuys oS w;sYhskau jeo.;ajk isoaOdka;hls' ieye,a,q osjsfmfj;la .; lrkakd
jQ mqoa.,hdg bka w;am;a jk ldhsl yd udkisl iqjh yereKq jg iudcuh jYfhka thska
,efnk iykYS,S cSjk rgdj ;`< ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk whym;a jsIu iudcuh
.egZMj,ska usksid uqojd ,kq ,nhs' fndfyda jsg .egZM mek kZ.skq ,nkafka;a" huz huz mSvdldrS
;;ajhkayg mqoa.,hskayg uqyqK mEug is|= jkafka;a ;rZ.ldrS nj ksid mek kZ.sk n,h flfia
w;am;a lr.kafkaoehs ta ms<snZo we;s jkakd jQ iSudka;sl wjYH;djh usksia iudchg
oefkkakgjSfuz oS yd tfia oekqkq jqukdj u; usksiqka ;ud iuZ. isgskakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ.
lghq;` lrkakg yd jsjsO iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSug hdfuzoS;a h' jsfYaIfhkau iudc
iuznJO;djhka meje;ajSfuz oS th ksis whqrska j.lSulska iys;j yd jsOsu;a whqrska is|= lsrSu
iudc moaO;shg wh;a iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au j.lSu yd hq;`lu fjz' fuu hq;`lu yd j.lsu ksis
wdldrfhka bgq lsrSug kuz iEu mqoa.,fhl`u wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. b;du;a iyfhda.fhka
iqyoYS,Sj lghq;` lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudchla ;`< iuQmldr meje;au fydZoska is|= jkqfha us;@YS,S
wdl,amj,ska huzlsis iudc moaO;shla iukajs;j we;s jsgloSh'72
iudc osjsfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS;djh Tyqf.a th
ixl,amSh ;,h blaujd m@dfhda.sl ;,hg meusKSuhs' fndfyda ixl,am wdl,amuh ;,fhys oS
idrA:l jqj;a" m@fhda.sl ;,fhys oS widrA:l jkqfha tajdfhys lsis|= m@dfhda.sl iajrEmhla .enz
fkdjSu ksidhs' kuq;a fuz w;ska fu;a;d ixl,am tys wdl,amuh ;,hg yd iudkju jeo.;a
lula m@fhda.sl ;,fhys o fmkajk nejska iudc osjsfhys oS b;d iqjsYd, jeo.;a lula
Wreulr .kshs' iyfhda.S;djh yd wkHhka fj; Wmldr lsrSu iudc.; osjsfhys oS fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys m@fhda.sl mCIh f,i jsoHudk jk fohhs' fuz Tiafia iudcfhys TzkEu
mqoa.,fhl`f.a is; oskd .ekSug;a" wkHhka w;r lemS fmkSug;a" wjldY ie,fia' mQK! kuHYS,S
osjs fmfj;la .;lrk iudc fiajlfhl`g uqo,la f.jdj;a ,nd .; fkdyels m@isoaOsh yd
wkHhkaf.a is;a oskd .ekSu fuz uZ.ska ksrdhdifhka ,efnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ksrdhdifhkau
.enz jk w;sYhskau m@fhda.sl iajNdjh th fkdfhla ldrAhhka iZoyd odhl lr.ekSfuz oS
w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz' tfukau jsjsOdldrfha mqoa.,hka wjk; lr.ekSfuz uy;a n,hla o
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; fjz' idudkHfhka iudc ixia:djkays fukau iudch ;`<
l@shd;aul jkakd jQ l`vd iuQy jk wdh;k yd mqoa., lKavdhuz ;`< iuZ.sh yd l@shdldrSFjh
jO!kh lsrSu wrnhd o fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' l<uKdlrk
fCIa;@fhys oS fndfyda jsg jsjsO jD;a;slhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h olshs' mqoa.,hka Tjqkaf.a
oCI;dj,g wkq.; jk mrsos jsjsO ldrAhhkays ksr; lrjSu ioyd;a" Tjqkaj ukdj yeisrjSu
msKsi;a jrA;udkfhys fu;a;d ixl,amh l<uKdlrk l@shdj<sh idrA:lj yiqrjd,Su iZoyd
odhl lr .kshs'
211

22. mqrdKfhys f.@da;sl iudc nsysj ;snq hq.fhys mgka kQ;kfhys iduQysl cSjk
rgdj olajd iEu ukqIHfhl`f.au ffoksl osjs fmfj; yd fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au mq|=udldr
f,iska yd jsYajikShFjhlska neZoS we;' tl w;lska th idudkH ukqIH iajNdjh blaujd
foajFjh lrd md ;nk ysksuZ.la jeksh' fN#;sl oshqKq jk ;rugu usksid wNHka;rfhka rZM
fkdjkafka kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska fcj jsoHd;aulj ksrdhdifhka Tyqf.a yoj; mqnq|=
lrjk ukqIHFjfhys mdvu ijka fkdoS isgSug Tyqg lsis|= wjldYhla uska fkdie,fia' neyerska
,efnk iudcuh iuzmrAlh ksid u;`jk wd.ka;`l ixl,amj,ska usksia uki ls,sgs fkdjkakg
usksia ukfiys h:drA:h mru mjs;@ jQ fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhg fydZou ksoiqkla kuz l`vd
jsfhys bkakd <orejdhs' <orejkaf.a is;a ixfjzoS nejska yd jevsysgs is;a ;ruz wmjs;@ jS fkdue;s
nejska <orejkaf.a f,dalh jevsysgshkaf.a f,dalh ;ruz oafjzIfhka msrS fkd mj;shs'
jsfYaIfhkau l`vd orejka b;du;a us;@YS,S nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' th jevsysgshka mjd
,ecAcdfjka yl`ZMjk iqZMh' wOHdmk jsoHdfjz mqfrda.dushka m@lg wOHdmkZ{hska mjd mjid
we;af;a jevysgshka jQ wmg l`vd orejkaf.ka bf.k .; yels jgskd mdvuz mj;sk njhs' ,ud
f,dj jevsysgs f,djg jvd iqkaor jkafka tys oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj fkdue;s
nejsks' wjdikdj jkqfha l@u l@ufhka <orejd jshm;a jS jevsysgs f,djg mshjr ;n;au" jevsysgs
f,dalfhys ffkirA.sl .;s ,CIK f,iska yZ|=kd .kakd ,o oafjzI" fl@daO yd jsysxid
ixl,amj,g yqremqre|= j Tyq o iDKd;aul is;sjs,sj, fldaIaGd.drhla njg mrsjrA;kh jSuh'
lsis|= fya;`jla ksid iudcuh osjsfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd oafjzIh" fl@daOh yd jsysxidj
jsoHd;aul pska;kh wkqj w;am;a lr.kafka b;du;au my< pska;duh yd udkisl ia:rhls' tlS
wdfjzokhkaf.ka uqim;aj is|=lrkq ,nk l@shdjka we;euzjsgl oS pdrs;@ jdrs;@" idrOrAu!"
wdpdrOu! yd iodpdrd;aul fkdjkakd jQ l@shdjl iajrEmh blaujd f.dia wmrdOhla kdufhka
.efkk nrm;, is|=jSuz olajd .uka lrjk ;rug tys m@;sjsmdl nsysiqKqh' fujka nsysiqKq
is|=jSuz ksrka;rfhka isrs;la f,i is|=jk iudc ugzgul jrA;udkfhys usksia iudch miqjSu
;`< jrA;udkfhys iudc iuznJO;dj, iajrEmh fl;ruz msrsyS f.dia we;aoehs hkak fijSug
fuhg jvd fydZo ksrAKdhlhla ;j;a fkdue;s ;ruzh' oshqKq hehs wmg fkdfhla jr weZ.s,af,ka
wek ;ukaf.a ndysr ixjrAOkh usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys m@drm@dma; oshqKqj f,i yd tlu
ksrAKdhlh jYfhka yqjd olajk fN#;sl jYfhka oshqKq rgj,ska jdrA;djk tnZ|= wmrdO yd
is|=jSuz foi wjOdkh fhduq lrk jsg ienjskau Tjqka jsiska wmyg fmkajd fokq ,nk oshqKqj
mj;akafka ld iZoyd o hk meKh ksrdhdifhkau keZ.sug wmg is|= fjz' usksia iudch Wkqka yd
.kqfokq lrk iajrEmh fuz id my;a ugzgulg jegS we;akuz ksrka;rfhkau ;srsika.;
iFjhkaf.a yeisrSuz isyshg kxjhs kuz ienjskau fN#;sl oshqfjys we;s m@;sM,h wod< lr.kq
,nkafka ljqreka jsiska l`ula iZoyd oehs hk .egZMj kej; kej;;a meK kZ.shs' usksidf.a
oshqKqj usksid iZoydu kuz ukqIHFjhg tfrysj hkakd jQ fujka ieyeis yd nrm;, ysxidldrS
;;ajhla mek fkdkZ.skq we;' usksiqka tlsfkld flfrys ksrdhdifhkau yg.kakd jQ
us;@YS,SFjh mdol fldg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j jdih lrkq we;' kuq;a ksrAKdlh
f,i Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk rgj, iudc w.h fufia kuz tu iudc moaO;Ska ;`< fu;a;d
212

23. ixl,amh mj;S fyda fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jsug iq|=iq mrsirhla iliaj we;soehs jgyd
.ekSug wiSre fkdfjz' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjkakd fyda l@shd;auljSfuz wjYH
bvlv uqZMukskau weysrekd jQ ffjrfhka fl@daOfhka |+Is;j .sh iudchla ixjrAOkh uek
ne,Sfuz tlu ksrAKdhlh f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu b;du;au wufkda{ jQjla nj jegyS hhs'
iudcfhys hy meje;au iZoyd usksia ufkda
uQ<hka b;du;au ishquzj .fjzIKh lsrSfuz oS usksid i;`
iychla jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh .;s ,CIK
ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu jeo.;a f,i fmfka' fu;a;d
ixl,amh wdl,amhla jYfhka o wdfjzokhla jYfhka o prAhd
rgdjla jYfhka o f.k lreKq js.@y lsrSu wOHdmk
jsoHdZ{hska jsiska ksrka;rfhka is|=lrkq ,nk l@shd
mgsmdgshls' wOHdmk jsoHd oDIaGs fldaKfhka jsYaf,aIKh
lrk jsg" mqoa., prAhdjka uZ.ska m@lg flfrkakd jQ usksia
.;s ,CIK ms<snZo t<fUkq ,nkakd jQ wOHdmk jsoHd;aul
js.@yhka yd tuZ.ska is|=jk wOHdmk" wOHhk ldrAhNdrh
idrA:l lr.; yels wkaofuz hym;a Okd;aul l@ufjzohka
ms<snZo ie,iquz iuzmdokh lsrSfuka tu ldrAhNdrh b;du;au
idrA:l f,i iudc.; l< yels hehs wOHdmkZ{fhda l,amkd
lr;s' ck ikaksfjzokh uZ.ska is|= flfrkakd jQ f;dr;`re
iuzmdok ldrAhfhys oS mjd buy;a fia bjy,a lr.; yels
uQf,damdhhka wOHdmk jsoHd isoaOdka;hkays wka;rA.;h'
hf:dla; ldrAhfhys ksrka;rfhka fhoS isgskakd jQ ck
udOHfjzoSka ish ldrAhNdrh uekjska yiqrjd,Su msKsi fnfyjska bjy,a lr.kq ,nkqfha
fujeks ffikaOdka;sl lreKqh' tfukau Tjqkayg tys we;s jeo.;alu o wjsjdos;h' tys
h:drA:h jkqfha iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ wkH mqoa.,hka iuZ. ksrka;rfhka ixjdofhys
fhfokakg yd NdIK l@shdj<sfhys ksr;jSu msKsi mQrAj iQodkula jYfhka Tjqkaf.a prAhd
rgdjka flf,i ilia jS we;aoehs wOHhkh lsrSu miq ld,Skj is|= lrkq ,nk ck ikaksfjzok
lghq;a; iZoyd myiqjla jk nejsks'73 tfukau ck ikaksfjzokh o jsoHd;aul mokula u;
f.dvkZ.d we;s jsoHdkQl~, pska;khla nejska jsoHd;aul jsOsl@uhkag wkql~,j mqoa.,dka;r
ikaksfjzokh idrA:lj is|=l< yels jkafka mqoa., lKavdhuz us;@YS,s wdl,amj,ska iukajs; jQ
l< nj fuys uQ<OrAu w;r jeo.;a ia:dkhla ia:dkhla .kakd m@Odk;u uQ<OrAuh fjz'74
usksiqka w;r huz huz iudc ;;ajhka uZ.ska mr;rhla ;ndf.k hym;a ikaksfjzolfhl` f,i
yDohdx.u f,i ck ikaksfjzok ldrAhNdrfhys ksr;jsh fkdyels w;r yels;dla mqoa.,hd
fj;g iuSm jQ ;rugu ck ikaksfjzok ldrAhNdrh jvd;a iM,odhl fohla njg m;a lr.;
yelsh hkak fuhska lshfjz'75
213

24. usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a weoys,s yd jsYajdi ms<snZo wOHhkhkays oS jsfYaIfhkau
;`<kd;aul ixialD;sl wOHhkhkays oS usksiqka w;r tlsfkld w;r neZo ;nd .kakd iudcuh
ue,shula f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d jk nejska fuys iudcuh ldrAhNdrfhys oS
mqoa.,hka w;r iqyonj jO!kh lsrSfuys ,d is|= lrkakd jQ ldrAhNdrh ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjl
wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu w;sYhskau jeo.;ah' usksia jsYajdihka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh
,enSu ksid mqoa.,fhla ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`g fyda mqoa., fldgzGdYhlg wdlrAYkh fjz' fuh
isoaOdka;hla jYfhka i;Hjk lreKls' m@fhda.slj ksrSCIKh fldg ne,Q l, o by; lS
ks.ukh yd tlZ.jSug wjldY ie,fikq we;' jrA;udkfhys fukau YsIaGdpdrfhys b;du;au
we; hq.j, oS mjd usksia l@shdldrSFjh fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska fmdaIK jQ njg idOl
iemfha' b;d we; w;S;fha oS f.da;@sl iudc i;`j lsishuz wd.usl ixfla;hla uZ.ska tlS
f.da;@fhys ishZMu idudcslhka tlg neZo ;nd .kakd ,oS' ta iZoyd tla tla f.da;@fhys
idudcslhka w;r taldnoaO;djh uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu msKsi ta tla tla f.da;@hgu wkHkH
jqKq wd.usl ixfla;hka" foaj ixl,amhka yd wNspdr jsOSka ksrAudKh jsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh
yd iuznJO wd.usl woyia iy wNspdr jsOSka wdruzN jQfha;a" l@udkQl~,j jrAOkh jkakg
jQfha;a" tla tla mqoa.,hd w;r mej;sh hq;` jQ iudc iuznJO;dfjz udkqIsl iajrEmh yd
wksjdrAhh;djh wE; w;S;fhys jsiQ usksia iudch mjd ms<sf.k ;snQ nejsks' jrA;udkfhys
iudch Tjqka jsiska w;am;a lr.kakd ,o fN#;sl oshqKqjg idfmaCIlj bosrshg hd hq;` jqj;a"
uq,a hq.fhys mej;s iudc iuznJO;d mjd jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg msrsyS f.dia" nsZo jegS we;af;a
wiSus;j kQ;k usksid fm<fUk fl@daOh yd oafjzIh hk Ndjd;aul ixl,amhkays wdNdIhg
k;`jSu ksidh'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dfjz we;s wfkla wka;h jkqfha usksia
iudch ksrdhdifhkau iyfhda.S iuznJO;djhka mj;ajkafka kuz Tjqka w;r iudc
iuznJOdjhka ms<snZo jQ .egZM wju kuz tlS iudcfhys jdih lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hka o
ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amh Tiafia iajlSh pska;kh fufyhjSug W;aiy lrkqfha ish
iudc iuznJO;djhka uekjska mj;ajd .ekSu flfrys Tjqka olajk repsh ksidh' tfukau
iudc iuznJO;djhkag tla jk kj idudcslhka o ish merKs idudcslhkaj wkq.ukh lruska
;uka jsiska o fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska Ndjs;d lsrSug fydZoska yqre mqre|= fjz' kuq;a fulS
lreK jrA;udkfhys oS ta wdldrfhau l@shd;aul fkdfjz' ta fjkqjg mqoa.,hd bosrsfhys we;af;a
;ukag fkdue;s iem jsyrK wkHhska jsiska mrsyrKh lrkq n,uska Wkqka flfrys BrAIHdj
nyq, fpz;kdfjka hqla;j iudc iuznJO;djhka f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka
iukajs; jQ oaafjzIfhka |+Is; jQ fuz iudc moaO;shhs' fuz iudc moaO;shg wh;ajk iudc ixia:d
iEu tllau mdfya fuz fya;`j ksid jrA;udk hq.h jk jsg" oreKq nsZo jegsulg ,laj iudc
iuznJO;d jskdY jS f.dia we;' oshqKqfjys tlu yd wjidk ksrAKdhlh usksid jsiska w;am;a
lr.kakd ,o fN#;sl ixjrAOkh f,i ie,lSu ksid jrA;udk iduch fufia fuz wdldrfhka
214

25. oreKq lvd jegSulg yd uy;a iudcuh mrsydkshlg m;aj we;' ta ksid fuz iudcfhys
fjfikakka osjs f.jkqfha b;du;au oevs wiykfhka l< lsrSfuka yd |=llsks' fuz fya;`j ksid
jrA;udkfhys fndfyda fokd w;r wOsl reOsr mSvkh" oshjevshdj" ixlSrAK yDo frda." jsjsO
iakdhq wdndO yd oreKq udkisl frda. ;;ajhka jrAOkhjSfuz iuzNdjs;dj wOsl jS ;sfnz' fuz
whqrska mqo., ldhsl yd udkisl ;;ajh msrsyS hdug oafjzI uQ<slj lghq;` lrk" iudc
iuznJO;d mj;ajk jrA;udk usksia l@shdldrSFjhu m@Odk fya;`jla jS ;sfnz'76
idudkHfhka usksia l@shdldrluz
yeisrSuz ksrdhdifhkau md,khlska f;drj .,dhdug
wjYHlrk bvlv ie,eiajqjfyd;a" th iudkHfhka
ukqIHFjh jO!kh lrkakd jQ osYdjg fkdj
ukqIHFjfhka o my< ;srsika iFj ugzgu olajd
l@shd;auljSfuz iuzNdjs;djla jsoHudk fjz' kuq;a usksid
nqoaOsuh w;ska wiia udkisl ugzgula yd oshqKq
ixialD;sl mrsirhla Wreu lr.kq ,enQ iFj
fldgzGdYhls' fuz fya;`j u; usksidf.a iEu iudc
iuznJO;djhlau Tyqf.a wdOHd;ausl yd ndysr
YlH;djhkag yd;amiskau ieifZok mrsoafoka
f.dvkZ.d .ekSug;a" mj;ajd .ekSug;a ksirA.
l`i,;djhla usksid i;`jsh hq;`uh' fuz ksirA.
l`i,;djh udkjhd jsiska w;am;a lr.; hq;af;a
md,khlska f;drj usksia wdl,am" wdfjzok yd usksia
l@shdldrluz ksoe,af,a is|= lsrsug bvoSu uZ.ska fkdj"
jsOsu;a ixhuhla" md,khla iys;j ld,hla uqZM,af,a
yqre mqre|= lrjSu uZ.sks' udkj pska;kh" udkj
ffp;isl ugzgu huz ;;ajhlg ixjrAOkh lsrSug kuz m<uqj is;g ksrka;rfhka wiSus;j
.,d tk is;sjs,s flfrys usksid ksrka;rfhka wjOsfhka yd isysfhka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSug yqre
mqre|= jS isgsh hq;`h' tjsg mqo.,dka;r iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS yd mj;ajdf.k hEfuz oS
tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ugzguz yd mqoa., fjzu;a;;djhg wkql~,jk mrsoafoka jrska jr
iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajkakd jQ rgdfjys iajrEmh jsp,kh lsrSu uZ.ska tys ukd meje;au
iqrCIs; yd ia:sridr njg m;a l< yelsh'77 fndfydajsg jkafka" fjkia jkakd jQ iudcuh
miq;,h fya;`fldg f.k mqoa.,hka ;`< iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsp,khjSug olajk wlue;s
iajrEmh ksidu fjkiajk iudcuh ;;ajh flfrys is; ;`< oafjzIhla Wmojdf.k ta wkqj
lghq;` lsrSug mqoa.,hd fm<USuhs' tjsg mqoa.,hka jsiska f.dvkZ.d .kakd yd mj;ajkakd jQ
iudc iuznJO;djhka idrA:ljSug we;s bvlv wju fjz'
215

26. idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla iZoyd w;HdjYHu idOlh kuz yels;dla bjiSu
;ud ;`< .`K Ou!hla f,i jO!kh lr .ekSug;a" us;@YS,S wdl,amj,ska hqla;j wkHhka iuZ.
lghq;` lsrSug yqre mqre|= jSu;a fjz' iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS yd kj iudc iuznJO;d
f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS wkH mqoa.,hka ienjskau wfmaCId lrkqfha ;uka mj;ajkakd jQ fyda
f.dvkZ.d .kakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka ;`<ska m<uq fldgu ;uka ;Dma;su;ajSu yd ;ukaf.a
wjYH;djhka tuZ.ska imqrd .ekSuhs' tfia ;Dma;su;ajSu yd wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSu ishZM
fokdf.au wruqK kuz ishZM fokdu tl f,iskau tls wruqK YdlaId;a lr.ekSu iZoyd
ffOrAhhu;aj ls@hdlrkafka kuz ishZM fokdgu ;uka n,dfmdfrd;a;`jk wruqK jk wd;au
;Dma;sh yd wjYH;djhka bgqjSu hk lreKq iuzmQrAK lr.ekSfuz wjYH bvlv tuZ.ska
,nd.; yelsjkq we;' kuq;a ienjskau wm cSj;ajk ienE iudcfhys iajrEmh t;ruz idOdrK
idulduS yd h:drA:jdoS fohla fkdfjz' wixjsOs; iudc iuznJO;djhkaf.ka fyns fnfyjska
w;Dma;sfhka l,af.jk mqoa.,hka nyq, ixlSrAK iudchla wm yuqfjz we;' ;uka
n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkakd jQ ienE iekiSu yd ;Dma;sh ienjskau <Z.d lr .ekSug fndfyda
fofkl`g fyda gsl fofkl`g wjxlju wjYH jqj;a" iEu flfkl` ygu ta wjYH;djh ta
wdldrfhkau ienjskau we;ehs wmg iy;sl jsh fkdyelsh' wmg ksrAjHdcj wjxlju mejiSug
yels jkafka ta iZoyd wm;a huz muKl wjxl odhlFjhla Wmrsufhka oelajQjd hk ldrKh
muKs' tfia kuz fiiq ish,a, ffojh u;g nerlr tys wjidk m@;sM,h brKug mjrd ksyZvj
isgSu jsoHd;aul pska;khg mgyeksh' iudc iuznJO;djhkays h:d iajrEmh fijSu ffojhg
ndr lrkjd kuz tys kshu ijrEmh jsoHd;aul miqnsulska fy<slr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH bvlv
weysrS hkq we;' kuq;a tf,i lsrSfuz wjYH;djhla ienjskau we;s fkdfjz' kshu iudc
iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh jsoHd;aul pska;kh uZ.ska myod .; yelsh' jsoHd;au; pska;kfhys
Wmfhda.S;djh jkqfhao fuys oS iudc iuznJO;djhka ksis wdldrfhka jsurAYkhkag yiqlr
.ekSu msKsi iyh jSuhs' iudc iuznJO;djhkays meyeos,sj olakg ,efnk Okd;aul
jsmrAhdihka yg.efkkqfha th jvdla udkqIsluh uqyqKqjrlska hqla;j mj;sk l,h' iudc
iuznJO;djhka udkqIsluh jYfhka usksia iudch ;`< fjfikakd jQ iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu
pska;kuh m@fndaOh is;g tla lrhs' fulS pska;kuh m@fndaOh fifkyi" f.#rjh" us;@YS,S
iajNdjh" mfrdamldrh iy iyfhda.h jeks fmd|= nj .enzjqkq yeZ.Suz mdol lrf.k is|=lrkq
,nkakd jQ prAhduh ,CIK uZ.ska neyerska jsoHdudk fjz' jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia iudc
moaO;shla js.@yfldg tys iuznJO;djhka w;r mj;akd udkqIsl uqyqKqjr fy<s fmfy<s lr
.; yelsh' udkqIsl uqyqKqjr yg.kq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,enSu ;`<sks'
idudkHfhka ps;a;fjz.sl yeZ.Sula fyda Ndjd;aul mCIfhys hulg wh;a jk
ixl,am jsYaf,aIKh lr jsjrKh lsrSu msKsi lsishuz jsoHdkQl~, jsOsl@uhla Ndjs;d l<
fkdyel' ufkda jsoHdfjzoS huz huz udkisl .;s ,CIK js.@y lr jsYaf,aIKh fldg oelajSu
msKsi bjy,a lr.kq ,nkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,i wod< ixl,amh we;s mqoa.,hdf.a iudcuh
l@shdldrSFjh ndysrska ksrSCIKh lr ta wkqj jsjsO ks.ukhkaj,g t<USfuz yelshdjla mj;S'
216

27. fuu l@ufjzoh idudkHfhka wF:! olajkq ,nkafka prAhdjdoh jYfhks' ufkda jsoHdfjz jsjsO
isoaOdka; yd uQ<OrAu f.dvkeZ.S we;af;a iFj l@shdldrSFjh fuz wdldrfhka ksrSCIKh lsrSu
uZ.sks' fuys we;euz isoaOdka; iFj l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska o
we;euz isoaOdka; usksia l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska o iliaj
we;' mqoa.,.; prAhdj iduQysl prAhdjg n,mdkq
,nkafka fldhs wdldrfhkaoehs jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a
rdYshla mqoa., lKavdhuz jsYd, m@udKhla Ndjs;d lsrSu
uZ.ska ksrSCIKh fldg we;' tfiau lKavdhuz prAhdjka
mqoa.,.; prAhdj flfrys we;s lrjk n,mEu o fuysoS
wjOdkhg ,lalr ;sfnz' mqoa.,hd yd lKavdhuz flfrys
n,mdk mrsir jeks fjk;a idOl flfrys o fuysoS
ie,ls,a, fhduq jS ;sfnz' lsishuz iudc moaO;shla ;`< o ta
iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfik udkjhkaf.a udkj
l@shdldrSFjh yd Tjqka jsiska f.dv kZ.d .kakd jsjsO
iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh jsOsu;aj jsYaf,aIKh
lsrsu iZoyd Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk fuj,u f,i usksia
udkisl l@shdldrSFjh msg;g fmkajk tlu iajrEmh jk
ndysr prAhdjka oelajsh yelsh' fuu ndysr prAhdjka
ksrSCIKh lsrSfuzoS meyeos,ju fy<s jQ b;du;a jeo.;a
lreKla jkqfha tlsfkld fj; ;oska wdldrAYKh jqKq
tfiau b;d iyfhda.fhka osjs fmfj;la .; lrkq ,nk udkj lKavhuz ;`< jsjsO
m@;sjsfrdaOdjhka w,amjsu fya;`fldgf.k Tjqka w;r mq|=udldr iuZ.shla ;snqKq nj yd tlS
iuZ.sh fya;`fldgf.k tu iudc iuznJO;djhkaj, iajrEmh o jvd;a hym;a yd idulduS
ksrrAnqo tlla jQ njhs' fuz wkqj tlS iudc moaO;sh ;`< fjfikakd jQ udkjhska Tjqfkdjqka
tlsfkldg m@;s Wmldr lr.ksuska yels;dla wrAnqoj,ska jshqla;j osjs f.jhso tu iudch
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,nd we;ehs ks.ukh l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh
kshudldrfhka l@shd;aul jkakd jQ iudch ika;Dma; iudchla jYfhka yZ|=kajdoSug o
78
yelsh' th wdrA:sl jsoHd kHdhkag wkql~,j yqfola NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh uZ.ska ,efnk
ndysr ika;Dma;shg jvd oshqKq wNHka;r.; ix;Dma;shls' fuu ix;Dma;sh Wmfhda.S;djh
jYfhka wdrA:sl jsoHdj ;`< wF:! olajkq ,efnz' flf;la wOsl;r iqL jsyrK f.kk NdKav yd
fiajdjla jqj;a os.ska os.gu mrsfNdackh lsrSu ;`<ska usksidg ;j |=rg;a we;sjkqfha iqLhla
fkdj lsishuz tmd jSuls' l<lsrSuls' fuh l@udkQl~,j we;sjkakla jk w;r fuys wdrA:sl
jsoHdfjz ySkjk Wmfhda.S;djh f,i js.@ylr olajhs' nq|=iuh ;`< |=lL ,CIKh f,i
oelafjkqfhao flf;la wOsl;r iqL jsyrKhla mjd os.ska os.g jskaokh lsrSfuzoS thska
l<lsrSug m;ajk iajNdjhhs' wiykldrS ;;ajhhs' usksid NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackh
lsrSfuka ,nkqfha o wjidk js.@yfha os udkisl i;`gu jk nejska iDcqju udkisl i;`gla
217

28. ix;Dma;shla NdKav yd fiajd mrsfNdackhlska f;drj ,nd.; yels kuz iajNdjfhka
f,dalfhys wdrA:sl NdKav yd fiajdjkaf.a ysZ.lu yd ta ysZ.;djh ksidu tajd Wkqka w;r
;rZ.ldrS f,i w;am;a lr.ekSfuz wjYH;djh ksid yg.kq ,nkakd jQ w;Dma;slr wdYdjkaf.ka
.yk jrA;udk iudchg fuuZ.ska ,nd.; yels udkisl iykh wus, fohla jkq we;'79
usksiqka fndfyda jsg iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSfuz oS Tjqkaf.a fm#oa.,sl
reps wrepsluz yd wdfjzKsl usksia .;s iajNdjhka wkqj tajdg wkq.; jk mrsos" lghq;` lsrSug
jevs keUqrejla olajk nj fkdfhla jsg ksrSCIKhg yiqj we;s ;j;a lreKls' fuysos ;u
;ukaf.a wdfjzKsl iajNdjhkag wkql~,jsu iZoyd orK ,o m@h;akhkays oS Tjqka jsiska
f.dvkZ.d .kakd ,o fyda f.dvkZ.d .ekSug huzlsis m@h;akhla orK ,o iudc
iuznJO;djhla fj;akuz tu iudc iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh o jsOsu;a ;,fha isg wjsOsu;a
;,hg ixl@uKh fjz' fndfyda jsg iudc iuznJO;djhkays jsOsu;a iajrEmhla w;S;fhaoSg jvd
jrA;udkfhys wju jkqfha iudc mrsKduKfhys oS mqoa., prAhdjka woyia yd iyc wdfjzKsl
iajNdjhka o ixlSrAK ;;ajhkaf.ka jsldYh fjuska meusKs nejsks' tjsg iudcfhys fjfikakd
jQ usksiqka w;r mj;akd jQ mqoa., prAhdfjz iajrEmh o jsmrs;j f.dia wjsOsu;a iajrEmhlg
m;aj we;' we;euzjsg jsOsu;a iuznJO;djhka meje;ajSug jvd;a repshla olajkakd jQ mqoa.,hka
yd mqoa., lKavdhuz fuz fya;`fjka oevs wiSre;djhlg o uqyqK meug is|= fjz' wjsOsu;a
iuznJO;djhka mjka;d jQ mqoa.,hkaf.a prAhdj w;r lsishuz >gzGkhla iudc moaO;shla ;`< oS
is|=jk nejska iudch o fjz.fhka ;j ;j;a jsmrAhdihkag ,lafjz' fuz .egqu iodld,sl yd
wksjdrAh .egquls' mrsKdukh jSu hkqfjka wm yZ|=kajk jsldYh is|=jSug fun|= iudc >gzGk
wksjdrAhh' we; w;S;fha oS ;snQ iudch yd jrA;udk iudch w;r wo mj;sk jsYd, fjki
ksrAudKh jS ;sfnkqfha fulS >gzGkfhys m@;sM,hla jYfhka hehs fmkajd osh yelsh' fujeks
>gzGk iudcfha jsldYhg Wojzjla usi ydkshla we;s fkdlrhs' tfy;a iudcfhys fjfikakd jQ
fndfyda fofkla jsfYaIfhkau jevsuyZM mrmqr is;kqfha fuhska iudch jskdYhg m;ajk njhs'
iudch |+IKhg m;ajk njhs' fuf,i iudc >gzGkhkaf.ka is|=jk w;`re jsmdl w;r fydZo
jsmdl fukau krl jsmdl o we;' tys fydZo krl uZ.yer krl jsmdl foh muKla wjOdkh
fhduq lr ta ieu jsglu iudc >gzGhkaf.ka iudch jskdY fj;ehs ks.ukhlg meusKSu
w;sYhska u fnd<Zo jQjls' fn#oaO ixorANh ;`< wks;H ,CIKh uZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lrkq
,nkafka o fulS >gzGkh ksid yg.efkk jsmrsKduS ;;ajhhs' tysoS ksrka;rfhka fjkiajk
nj ishZM ixialdr Ou!hkays wksjdrAh ,CIKhla nejska th ms<sf.k ta wkqj iajlSh pska;kh
ilialr .ekSu msKsi wjYHjk l@shdudrA.h meyeos,s lrfokq ,efnz' fulS jsmrsKduS ,CIKh
mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh ;`< muKla fkdj bka neyer iudc mrsirfhys,d o tl f,iu jeo.;a
jk nj nq|=iuh wjOdrKh lrhs' iudc >gzGkhkaf.a fydZo m@;sM, Wodlrkafka fu;a;d
ixl,amh n,mEu uZ.ska jk w;r wys;lr m@;sM, Wodlrkafka fl@daOh" ffjrh" BrAIHdj"
m<s.ekSfuz fpz;kdj jeks wdl,amhkaf.a n,mEu ksidh' iudch fjkiajk nj yd iudc
>gzGkh wksjdrAh fohla kuz thska Wlyd.; hq;af;a fydZo m@;sM, muKlau kuz iudcfhys
218

29. fjfikakd jQ ishZMu fokd ;`< cks; l< hq;af;a o jv jvd;a jO!kh l< hq;af;a o fu;a;d
ixl,amhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid ;uka yd wkHhka w;r mj;skakd jQ iSudiys; wd;aurA:lduS
udkisl mjqr is;ska bj;alr oud w;sYhskau mqZM,a ukilska iudch foi n,d lghq;` lsrSug
usksiqka fm<fuz' tjsg lKaydj" fl@daOh" BrAIHdj" udkh m<s.ekSfuz fp;kdj usksia is;a ;`<ska
;`rkaj f.dia iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh" iyfhda.h yd iycSjkh usksiqka ;`<g m@fjzY fjz'80
jsoHd;aul pska;kh Tiafia
iudc iuznJO;d jsYaf,aIKh lsrSfuz oS
uqyqK fokakg is|=jk B<Z. .egZMj jkqfha
iudc >gzGkhka ;`<ska we;sjk m@;sM,j,
iajNdjh ljrdldroehs ksrSCIKh lsrSuhs'
jsoHd;aul pska;kh ;u pska;k l@ufjzoh
f,i Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska fuz
iZoyd meyeos,s lrfokq ,nk Wmdh udrA.h
kuz kj jsIhhka Tiafia pska;kh
fufyhjSuhs' tu jsIh kuz" iudc jsoHdjhs'
iudc jsoHdj kS;sh" wmrdO jsoHdj" wOHdmk
jsoHdj" ufkda jsoHdj ikaksfjzoh jeks usksia
l@shdldrluz ms<snZo js.@yhka jsoHd;aul
pska;khg wkqj jsYaf,aIKh fldg
js.@yfldg ne,Su wruqK lruska nsys jQ
oDIaGSka ish,a, idudcSh jsoHdjka f,i
jsoHdZ{hska jsiska wF:! olajd we;' fuz hgf;a
fuys tk ljr oDIaGshlskaj;a iudch js.@y
l<;a" jsYaf,aIKh l<;a" is|=lr n,kafka usksia jgskdluz mdol lr.kakd ,o iudc
ix>gzGkhhkays w;`reM, ms<sno jsYaf,aIKhls'81 tys kHdh isoaOdka; f.dvkZ.d we;' ta Tiafia
bosrs oelau ms<snZo ks.ukhkag meusKSu;a" l@u jsYaf,aIKh;a olakg ,efnz' ta wkqj iudch
ms<snZo jsoHd;aul pska;kh mdol lrf.k jsYaf,aIKhla is|= lrkq ,nkafka iudc jsoHdZ{hska
jsisks' iudc jsoHdfjzoS Wml,amk" ksheos" iuzmrSCIK wdosh Ndjs;d lr.ksuska is|= lrkq
,nkafka iudc jsoHd kHdh isoaOdka; weiqrska iudc l@shdldrSFjh uekjska wOHhkh lsrSuhs'
ufkda jsoHdfjys prAhdjdoh js.@y lr oelajSfuz oS usksiqkaf.a yd i;`kaf.a ndysr prAhdrgdjka
fjkiajk iajrEmh wkqj tu usksiqkaf.a yd i;`kaf.a ps;a;fjz.sl miqnsu iliajk wdldrh
lsishuz jsHd;aul l@u fjzohlg wkqj fmkajd oSu msKsi jsoHd;aul pska;kh Ndjs;d lrkakdla
fukau iudc jsoHdZ{hska jsiska lsishuz iudc moaO;shla ;`< udkjhkaf.a yeisrSuz rgdjka
wOHhkh lsrSfuz wruqKska Wps; f,i iajlSh kHdhhka" yd isoaOdka; Ndjs;d lruska usksia
prAhdjka ms<snZoj huz huz ks.ukhkag t<USu iudc jsoHd;aul mrAfhaIKhkays ldrAhNdrh
219

30. fjz' tu kHdh yd isoaOdka; uZ.ska if;HCIKh lrkq ,nkafka usksia yeisrSuzys huz huz
jsp,Hhkah' usksia yeisrSuzys wfmaCIs; ;;ajh kuz iyfhda.h yd iuZ.shhs'82 fuh iudc
iuznJO;djhkays uq,au mqrelhs' iudc taldnoaO;djh we;s jkafka iuZ.sh yd us;@YS,S yeZ.Su
uZ.ska we;s lrkq ,nk iyfhda.h lrKfldg f.kh' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;djSu
ms<snZoj prAhdj uZ.ska uefkk m@;sM,h uZ.ska iudch flfrys fld;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,nd ;sfnzo hkak lshfjz' flfia fyda iudc moaO;shl idrA:l iudc
iuznJO;d f.dvkeZ.Sfuz ldrAhNdrfha oS fu;a;d ixl,amh b;du;au iqjsYd, jeo.;alula
.kakd jQ ixl,amhla nj fuys m@;sM, uZ.ska ikd: fjz'83
iudc foayhl huz jgskdlula ;SrKhjSu" jgskdlula we;s lrjSu yd ksYaps;
f,i th Ndjs;d lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh wkqoekqu wkqj is|= fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh
tys iudcuh jgskdlula wkqj b;du;a iqjsfYaIS ia:dkhl miqjk ixl,amhls' iudc
iuznJO;djhkays jsoHd;aul iajrEmh h:drA:jdoS f,i jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu iZoyd;a" js.@yfldg
oelajSu iZoyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh idrA:l f,i bjy,a lrf.k we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
mj;skakd jQ us;@YS,S nj iyfhda.h jeks lreKq idrA:l iudc iuznJO;djhla f.dvkeZ.Su
iZoyd uy;a fia wdOdr Wmldrj;a fjz' tfuka hym;a ps;a;fjz.sl wdl,amhka we;slr .ekSu
tfiau tjeks ps;a;fjz.hka mqoa., jYfhka iudcuh jYfhka M,odhsl f,i Ndjs;hg .ekSu
iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsoHduk Wmfhda.S;djh lsisfia;a wu;l l< fkd yel' fiiq ps;a;
ixl,amhkag idfmaCIlj fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;fha oS meyeos,sju jsoHudkjk ir< nj;a
meyeos,s l@shdldrSFjh;a mqoa., jsIu;djhlska f;drj Ndjs;fhys we;s iq.u iajNdjh;a ksid
jeks iqjsfYaI;d .Kkdjla fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jgskdlu Tmj;a lrhs' tfukau fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys wNHka;rfhys .enzjk nJOkSh iajNdjh ksidu" iudc taldnoaO;djh msKsi
uy;a fia Wmfhda.S lr.; yels m@Odku ixl,amh f,i fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh
lsrSfuys,d mdol lr.ekSfuz yelshdj" fu;a;d ixl,amfhys nyq, jYfhka wka;rA.;h' usksia
pska;kh yd pska;k rgdj ilia lsrSfuz l@shdj<sfhys oS fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz
m@cdkk" wdfjzok yd prAhduh ,CIK fiiq ps;a; ixl,amhka iuZ. b;du;a idrA:l f,i
ixfhdackh lsrSu uZ.ska jvd;a iudcdkqfhda.S ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka f.dvkxjd.; yelsh'84
iudchla ia:r .Kkla yd fCI;@ .Kklska iukajs; moaO;shls' moaO;shla
tu fCI;@ rdYsh w;r iuznjO;d uy;a rdYshlska ilia jS we;' tu iuznJO;djhka w;r neZoSu
mj;sk iajrEmh udkqIsl kuz tu moaO;sh ;`< fjfik ishZM udkjhskag th iqjodhs njla ysus
jSug lreKls' kuq;a huz fyhlska fyda ishZM iuznJO;djhkays jsYajikSh iajNdjh udkj
ohdj yd udkj ys;jdoS nj /ZoS mj;skafka w;sYhskau ixfjzoSjQ;a ysff;IS jQ;a udkj iuznJO;d
moaO;shla w;frys muKs'85 tfia fkdjqkq l< tlS udkj iuznJO;djhkays iajrEmh yqfola
hdka;@sl l@shdldrSFjhlg muKla iSud jkq we;'86 tfia jk l< tlS udkqIsl iuznJO;djhkays
h:d iajrEmh jsh hq;`jQ <f;;a nj uqiqjqkq us;@YS,S wdl,amh flfrka th |=riaj hkq we;'
220

31. udkqIsl iuznJO;djhl ffcjuh meje;aula o we;' ishZM cSjSkaf.a ffcj l@shdldrSFjfhys
Okd;aul mCIh rZod mj;skqfha usksid ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys olajk ys;lr wdl,amh
u;h' th ienjskau tfia fkdjqkq l, ta meje;afuys iunr;djh |=re jS hhs' usksidg fuz
usys;,h u; meje;aula we;af;a usksia l@shdldrSFjh iunr njlska ffcj ys;jdoS nj flfrys
olajk Okd;aul wdl,amh Wv muKs'87 tfia is|= fkdjk l< usksia iajNdjh yqfola hdka;@sl
iajrEmfhka usksi;a nj udkqIsl nj us;@YS,S nj jshelS hd kuz tjsg wys;lr whqrska
mrsjrA;khg ,lajk nj nq|=iufhys wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'
ngysr oekqu yd tu wdl,am usksid we;`ZM fiiq iuia; iFj m@cdj mrsirfhka
jshqla; fldg is;kakg wkqn, yd osrs fok l, nq|= oyu we;`ZM fmros. ixialD;sh mrsirh
usksid we;`ZM ffcjSkaf.ka jshqla; fkdlr th yqfola tlu moaO;shla f,i is;kakg yd ta wkq
l@shdlrkakg wkqn, ,nd fohs' fuu pska;kh jsOSka folskau jvd;a ffcj ys;jdoS nj ,nd
fokafka nq|=iuh m@uqL fmros. ixialD;sh nj fmkajd osh yelsh' fmros. ixialD;sh ;`<;a
jvd;a nq|=iuh ;`< fuu mrsirh iuznJO idlpzPd fnfyjska is|= jQ nj nqoaO foaYkd wkqj
meyeos,s fjz'88 uq,a nq|=iufhys iZoyka mrsir ys;jdoS iajrEmh nq|=iuh b;du;a iS>@fhka
ixialD;sl .;jSu flfrys ;oskau n,mdk ,o lreKls' nqoaO foaYkd ;`< ksrka;rfhkau
iZoyka jkafka usksid ;uka flfrysu;a wkH cSjSka flfrys;a mrsirh flfrys;a mej;sh hq;`
us;@YS,S wdl,amhhs' udkj ys;jdoS njska hqla;j oevs us;@YS,S ms<sfj;la wkq.ukh lsrSu ;`<ska
uZ.ska muKla usksidg usysu; u; jvd;a iunr iqjodhs osjs fmfj;la .; l< yels nj tys oS
fmkajd oS ;sfnz'89 tfiau tjka usksfil`yg fndfyda frda.dndO wju nj o ishZM f,#lsl oshqKqj
Tyq lrd b;du;au blaukska <Z.d jk nj o jevs |=rg;a fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksia yeisrSuz us;@YS,S
wdl,amhlska hqla;j iliajsh hq;` wdldrh wfkl`;a ukqIHhska yd ffiq iFjhska iuZ. l@shdl<
hq;` iajrEmh uekjska jsYaf,aIKh lsrSu uZ.ska o meyeos,s lrfokq ,nkqfha us;@YS,S yeisrSuz
rgdj iudc iuznJO;d meje;ajSfuz oS yd mj;ajkakd jQ iudc iuznJO;djhka jsOsu;a
wdldrhlska ilia lr.ekSfuzys oS mej;sh hq;` jQ yd iliajsh hq;` jQ iajrEmhhhs' tfiau Bg
wod< jkakd jq fiiq .`Kdx.hka o biau;` fldg olajd we;'90
usksiqka ;`< iajlSh ps;a; wNHka;rfhys we;s jk yd we;s jsh yels wys;lr
wdl,am" ixl,am" wdfjzok iukhlg m;alr iqjodhs udkisl iajNdjhlska iukajs; jSu ;`<ska
iym;a iudc iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSu msKsi jvd;a Wps; udkisl jgdmsgdjla ;uka ;`<
ksrAudKh lr .; yels wdldrh nq|=iuh jsia;r lr fohs' fulS usksia yeisrSuz rgdfjys
;sfnkakd jQ wdfjzokd;aul iajrEmh mjd ilia jsh hq;af;a o Ndjd;sYh jsh hq;af;a o us;@YS,S
miq;,hla u; nj fmkajd fokq ,nhs' usksid iajNdjfhkau wdfjzokYS,S iFjfhl` kuz Tyqf.a
pska;k ud;@hka mej;sh hq;` jkafka wdfjzokhka iukh jk whqrsks'91 ;on, wdfjzokhkaf.ka
msreKq wdfjzokYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjka iys; usksiqka iykYS,S iudc rgdjlg Wps; fkdjkq we;'
tnZ|= mqoa.,hka iudcfhys jdih lsrSu lsisfjl`yg keje;ajsh fkdyel' tfiakuz tnZ|=
221

32. mqoa.,hkayg iudc moaO;sh ksrjq,aj meje;su msKsi lsishuz fjfyila ord iajlSh wdfjzokhka
usksia iudchg ys;lr jk iajrEmfhka kej; ilialr .ekSug Wps; udrAf.damfoaYkh
nq|=iuh uZ.ska ,ndfoa' nq|=iuh uZ.ska tnZ|= mqoa.,hkayg ,ndfokakd jQ fulS udrAf.damfoaYk
jsOsl@uhka lsisfia;au ;djld,sl jsiZ|=uz f,i ie,lsh fkdyelafla tlS ieu jsOs l@uhlau uekjska
w;ayod n,d w;sYhskau m@fhda.slj m@;HCI fldgf.k bka wk;`rej fmkajd fokq ,nk
l@ufjzohla nejsks' tfiau tu l@ufjzohka ilaij we;af;a Bg ksis nqoaOsuh mrsmdlh fhda.H
whqrska we;s ish is;a i;kays lsis|= wys;lr wdfjzokhla fkdue;s ishZM wys;lr wdfjzohka
iajlSh is;a i;ka ;`<ska uqZM ukskau m@ySK l<d jQ W;`uz mqoa.,hkaf.a cSjk w;aoelSuz weiqrska jSu
tys m@fhda.sl jgskdluz ;j;a Tma kxjhs'92
nq|=iuh usksiqka yd Tjqkaf.a pska;khka flfia iliajsh hq;`oehs fmkajd fokq
,nkafka o iudcuh jsma,jhla we;slrkq ,enqfha o lsis|= ysxiduh l@shdudrA.hlg wj;SrAK
fkdfjuska jSu nq|=iufhys we;s b.ekajSuzj, jgskdlu f,djg fmkajd oSuls' tfiau uq,skau
iudch fjkia lsrSu mfil ;nd mqoa.,hka fjkia lsrSu yd uekjska ilia lsrSu Tiafia iudch
fjkia lsrSu yd iudc .uka uZ. ksjeros osYdjlg ilia lsrSu is|= lr we;' nq|=iuh wkqj
jvd;au jeo.;a jkqfha tla tla mqoa.,hd i;`j we;s pska;khhhs' iudc l@shdldrSFjh js.@y
lsrSfuz oS yd iudch jsiska f.dvkZ.df.k we;a;d jQ jsjsO iudc ixl,amj,g kj wF:!l:k
bosrsm;a lsrSfuz oS mj;skakd jQ l@ufjzohg uqZMukskau wjk; fkdfjuska yd m@;sfCIamfldg
uqZMukau fy<d oelSulska f;drj wjYH wdldrhg mj;skakd jQ iudc ixl,am ioyd nq|=r|=ka
jsiska iajlSh kj wF:! js.@yhka Bg iq|=iq Wmdh udrA.hka Ndjs; fldg bosrsm;a lrwe;' fuz
fya;`j ksidu nq|=iuh b;du;au flgs l,lska iuia; Ndr;h mqrdu jsYd, f,i jHdma; jQ nj
ft;sydisl idOl jsoHudkh'93
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s nsh jsrys; Ndjh ksidu th m@Z{dj W;amdo lsrSfuys
,d iu;a luz olajhs' nsh we;s jsg ishZM nqoaOsh hgm;a fjz' yeZ.Suz biau;` jS nqoaOsh hgm;a jk
nejsks' kuq;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ hg;a fkdjkakd jQ iajNdjh ;`< biau;` jkakd
jQ m@Z{dj uZ.ska nsh ;`<ska we;s jk nqoaOsuh wdjrKh |=re lrkq ,nkafka kej; th
yg.ekajSug fya;`jk ufkdauh uQ<hka o isZo nsZo ouusks' fulS ufkda uq<hka yg.ekajSu msKsi
Ndjs;djk m@Odk;u fya;~ka jk oafjzIh wdYdj yd uq<dj hk idOl ;`k uq,skqmqgd oukq ,nhs'
ishZM fida |=la ixld yg.kq ,nkqfha fulS idOl ;`fkys n,mEug k;`jSh' iudcuh cSjs;h ;`<
oS nsh rys; Ndjh iudc taldnoaO;djh flfrys w;sYhskau bjy,a fjz' uq,skau mqoa.,fhl` ;ud
;`< nsh rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr .ekSu uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a tlS mqoa.,hd ygu iudch jsIfhys
nsh rys; iajNdjhla we;s lr.ekSu flrys n,mdkq ,nhs' iudc.; osjsh mqrdj nsh rys;
iajNdjh uQ,slju yg.kq ,nk fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj wjOslrkq ,nhs' m@Z{d iuzmkak
mej;`uz we;s mqoa.,hd iuia; iudch flfrysu;a ;uka flfrys;a nsh fkdolskakd jQ
mqoa.,fhl` njg m;ajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ukd wdNdIh ksiduh' tfukau iuia;
222

33. iudcuh cSjs;g wF:! iuzmkak jkqfha o fulS nsh rys; njlg mqoa., osjs meje;au mrsjrA;kh
jQ l,uh'94 ienjskau mxpYS, m@;smodfjka wF:!j;a jkqfha o fujeks nsh rys; iudcuh
jgdmsgdjla usksidg Wreu lr oSuh' usksid iajNdjfhkau wfkla ishZM iFj jrA.hd fukau nsh
;ukaf.a fod;ska /f.k meusfKk cSjsfhls' boska usksidf.a idudkH iajNdjh jQ nsh iys; nj
|=re lrkq ,nkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh iuia; iudchuh l@shd;drSFjh ;`< iq,Njh oelsh yels
,CIKhla njg mrsjrA;kh jQ l,uh' hg;a msrsfihska iudcfhys cSj;a jk tla mqoa.,fhl`
fyda fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu tlS iudch nsh rys; m@Z{d iuzmkak iudchla njg m;a
lsrSfuz uq<sl wvs;d,u njg m;a lrjsh yelsh' wk;`rej ishZMu mqoa.,hkaf.a fu;a;d ixl,am
jrAOkh uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a iudcuh Ndjs;dj yd iudcuh taldnoaO;djh jv jvd;a m@p,s;
lsrSug yd ixjrAOkh lsrSug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'95
usksia iudch jsgska jsg fkdfhl`;a mrsjrA;kSh iajNdjh ,la jSu jsYaj
idOdrK jQ OrAu;djhla f,iska ie,fla' fjkia fkdjkakd jQ iudchla ;nd fjkia fkdjkakd
jQ lsishuz uQ< modrA:hlaj;a fkdue;s hehs ie,flk nejsks' boska iudch wkjr;fhka fulS
fjkia jSfuz l@shdj<shg uqyqK mdhs kuz tnZ|= fjkiajSula ;`< usksid iudcfhys fiiq mqoa.,hka
iuZ. lghq;` lsrSfuz oS jv jvd;a us;@YS,S osjs meje;aulg fhduq jSu uZ.ska fjkia jkakd jQ usksia
ixl,amh yd wdl,am l@udkQl~, wkaouska usksidf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh msKsi odhl lr
.ekSfuz jsYd, iuzNdjs;djla we;s nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fjkiajSu ;`<u usksia yeisrSuz yd
l@shdldrSFjhka wkHhkaf.a ys; iqj ie,iSfuz wruqK lrd fhduq jQ jsg tu fjkiajSu usksidg
uy;a wdYsrAjdohla lr.; yelsh'96 jrA;udkfhys fulS iudcfhys jsp,H;djh fu;a;d
ixl,amh weiqfrka ilia lr fkd.ekSfuz nshlre m@;sjsmdlh kuz hf:dla; fjkiajSu
ixialD;sl iudcuh yd fm#oa.,sl jYfhka tla tla mqoa.,hd flfrys yd iuia; iudch
flfrys;a b;du;au wys;lr wkaouska n,md we;s iajNdjhka jsoHudk jSuhs' fjkiajSu ;`< usksia
yeisrSfuz ys m@;scdkkd;aul md,kh yd ixjsOdkh uZ.ska tlS fjkialu usksidf.au hym;
iZoyd Ndjs;d lr.ekSug yelshdj we;s w;r tlS wruqK fu;a;d ixl,amh mdolj l@shd;aul
jsh hq;`h'97
usksia yeisrSuz uZ.ska iudch fj; is|= jkakd jQ whym;a n,mEu wju lr.ekSfuz
wruqKska hqla;j th lsishuz jsOsl@uhlg wkqj f.dvkeZ.Su w;HjYH fjz' tfiau usksia yeisrSuz
iudc m@.ukh lrd jsOs wdldrfhka odhl lr.ekSfuz jHdhduh o fuhska is|= jSu wfmaCId l<
hq;` fohls' tfiau lsishuz wd.usl ixl,am moaO;shlg iSud jQ fldg oelajsh fkdyels irAj
ld,Sk yd irAj idOrK wdpdr Ou! moaO;shla jsh hq;`h' mxpYS, m@;smodfjys jsoHudk jk
wdpdr Ou! moaO;sh uZ.ska iudch fj; ;s<sK lrkq ,nkafka o fulS wjYH;dhjhka iZoyd
irs,k wdldrfha jsiZ|=uls' iEu iudc wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla fkdfjz' tfiau iEu
mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudch wjYH;djhla o fkdfjz' kuq;a iEu mqoa., wjYH;djhlau iudc
wjYH;djhla iuZ. o iEu iudc wjYH;djhlau mqoa., wjYH;djhla iuZ.u lsishuz
223

34. iajrEmhlska iuznJO fjz' we;euz jsg fulS iuznJO;djfhys iajrEmh u;`msgska jsoHdudk jQjla
jsh yels w;r we;euz jsgl oS ta wdldrfhka u;`msgska fkdj wNHka;rj jsysfok iajNdjhla jsh
yelsh' we;euz jsgl oS fuz fohdldrfhys iuznJO;djhka mjd jsoHudk jsh yelsh' mqoa.,
wjYH;djhka yd iudc wjYH;djhka w;r lsishuz iduQysl njla tlZ.Fjhla we;s lr.ekSu
fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska is|= flfrA' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj ilia jkqfha o fuz
wdldrfhka mqoa., yd iudc ixorANfhys ,d th l@shd;aul jk iajNdjh wkqjh' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys mqoa., yd iudc l@shdldrSFjh tl iudk jeo.;a lulska hqla; njla .enz jS
mj;S' us;@YS,S nj kshu jYfhka oelajSu hkqfjka woyia lrkqfha ;uka yd wkHhka w;r
m@cdkk iduHhla f.dvkZ.d .ekSu jk nejsks' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkkh nqoaOs
f.dapr iajNdjhla .kq ,nk w;r tuZ.ska ishZM wdldrfha oDIaGSka w;yer ksoyi udkjhd yg
Wreu fldg fohs' usksia l@shdldrSFjh iuia; ffcj ys;jdoS nj u; mokuz jk jsg muKla
fu;a;d ixl,amh mQrAK jYfhka iudcfhys uq,a nei .kafka hehs ks.ukh l< yels jkq we;'
i;H jYfhkau mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh ffcj jsjsOFjh jeks idOl mej;sfha jqj o ishZM
fjkialuz Nskak repslFjhka mfil ,d iduQyslFjh ;`<ska Tmj;a jQ us;@YS<S wdl,amhkaf.ka
iukajs; jsYajSh m@cdjla ilia lsrSfuys ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ,nd fokafka fkduZo msgqjy,ls'
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj by< w.hl mj;ska jsg oS muKla th iduQysl
iudchla jYfhka yeZoskajSu jvd;a ksrjoH jkq we;' fuhska woyia jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh
jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdj fnfyjska m@fhda.sl ;,fhys rZod mj;akd jQ w.hla njhs' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys jgskdlu ;j |=rg;a Tma kexfjkafka th m@cdkk me;slv blaujd wdfjzok
;,fhys mjd ish il@Sh odhlFjh ,ndfok wdldrfhks' lsishuz iudc moaO;shl oS m@cdkk
fCIa;@hg iu.duSj thg iudk w.hla wdfjzok me;slv fj; ;s<sK lrkq ,nk fyhska
fu;a;d ixl,amh ishZMu jsp,Hhka ;`<kh lrkq ,nk jgskdluz tlajr ,ndfokq ,nk
ixl,amhla f,i oelajsh yelsh' fndfyda ixl,amhka j, fuz jgskdlu oel.; fkdyels w;r
w.hkays jsp,Hhka w;r fulS .e,mSu o jsoHudk fkdfjz' iudcuh Ndjs;djl oS fujeks .e,mSuz
we;s ixl,amhl we;s w.h fuz ksid wjsjdos;h'98
tfiau iudchla hkq fkdfhla wdldrfha Nskak repshlFjhka yd Nskak
wjYH;djhka iys; msrsilf.ka iukajs; ixia:duh fohla nejska tjka msrsila ksr;`reju
ix;Dma; lsrSu Tjqfkdjqkaf.a wka;rA l@shdldrSFjh uZ.skau is|= jsh hq;a;la ksid ta wka;rA
l@shdldrSFjh irAj iudkj yd idOdrK wdldrfhka is|= jSug wjYH miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh
uZ.ska ksrka;rfhka ilia lr fokq ,nhs'99 fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys l@shdldrSFjh
idudkHfhka us;@Fjfha iSudfjka Tnzng;a jsyso me;sr hkaklaa fjz' iudc foayhl ksrjq,a
meje;au ia:sr jYfhkau rZod mj;afka tlS iudch fld;ruz |=rlg fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz
wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg f.k ish meje;au ta Tiafia ilia lr .kakjdo hkak u;hs' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys iudcuh w.h fuz fya;`j ksid wksjdrAhfhkau mqoa., w.h wNsnjd fmruqK
.ekSug iu;a fjz'100 tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wjidk mrudrA:uh ksIaGdj yd ixl,amSh
224

35. l~Gdm@dma;sh is|= jkafka th yels;dla iudc.; jSu ;`< yd th flfia flf;la |=rlg wkHhka
jsIfhys irAj idOrK jkafka o hk lreK u;h'101 fuz fya;` ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
jHdma;sh yd iSudjka l`ulaoehs mQrAjfhka jsksYaphkg t<Ush yels fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys
iSudjka yd jHdma;sh wdruzNl uq,a woshr ;`< fiiq ixl,amhkays fuka jqj;a tys wjidk yd
l~Gdm@dma;s wjia:djka ixl,amSh iSudjka w;sl@uKh lruska talFjh lrd <Z.d jkakla fjz' fuys
idlpzPdjk talFjh jkdyS mQrAK flduskshqiagz yd iudcjdoS iudcj, jHqyhkays mrudorAY
f,i ie,flk iudcfhys ndysrska jsoHudk jk jsjsO iudc ixia:d yd iudc iuQy w;r
jsoHudk jsjsO;djhka wfydaislr oeuSu ;`<ska iudc foayfhys u;`msg ia:rh fjkia lsrSu
muKlau woyia fkdfjz' fuys talFjh hkafkka woyia jkqfha mqoa., m@cdkk me;slv fukau
iudcuh m@cdkk me;slv o tl f,iu tlu mrudorAYhla jgd f.dkq lsrSug huzlsis idOrK
m@h;akhla .ekSuhs' fuh iudc foayfhys ndysr iajrEmh iudk lsrSug jvd b;du;au wmyiq
jQjla jk w;r kuq;a Bg jvd fnfyjska m@dfhda.sl jQjla o fjz' tnejska ndysr fjkia lsrSulg
jvd iudch wNHka;rslj fjkia lsrSug m@h;ak oerSu wiSre jQjla hehs yd iuyr jsgl oS lsis
f,ilska fkdyels jQjla hehs fmfkkag ;snqK;a th b;du;au m@dfhda.s; jQjla jk w;r l<
hq;`u foh jkqfha o thhs' iudch ndysrska fjkialsrSulg m@Odk fuj,u f,i oafjzIh mdol
lr.ksuska lsishuz udkj >gzgkhla is|= lsrSu wjYH jk w;r iudcfhys wNHka;r jsma,jhla
is|= lsrSu iZoyd wjYH jkafka mqoa., ps;a; ika;dkh jsOsu;a mrsos ksjd ouuska wkHhka ms<snZo
ixfjzoS iajNdjhla ukfiys we;s jSug bvlv ,efnk mrsos fu;a;d ixl,amh yels;dla Ndjs;d
lsrSu msKsi udkjhka fm<USuhs' fuu fm<Uqfuys wksjdrAhfhkau m@OdkFjh bis,sh hq;af;a
iudcfhys cSj;ajk mqoa.,hka fldhs ljqre;a ;u ;ud jsiskauh' tnejska fu;a;d ixl,amh
Ndjs;d l< hq;af;a o ;uka jsiskau nj iudcfhys fjfik wkHhkayg o ta;a;` .efkk mrsos
lghq;` lsrSug ishZM fokdygu fjka fjka mqoa.,sl j.lSula wksjdrAhfhkau we;'102 fuz j.lSuz
iys;Ndjh rZod mj;skakd jQ iajrEmh u; yd ;ukayg tfia lsrSfuka ,efnk iudcuh
m@;s,dNh flf;ruz jsYd, o hkak fydZoska wjfndaO jQ jsg usksiqka ;j |=rg;a fu;a;d ixl,amh
Ndjs;d lsrSu iZoyd W;aiyfhka fm<Ush hq;` fkdfjz'103 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iudcuh Ndjs;dj
tfia iudcuh Ndjs;dj ;`<ska ,efnk Wmfhda.S;djh u;u rod mj;akjd jskd ndysr fm<Uqula
uZ.ska mqoa.,hka ;`<g megjsh yelalla fkdfjz'104
usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys wdruzNfha isgu jrA;udkh olajd wkql@ufhka mejf;k
iudcuh jrAOkh ;`< oS jvd;a jeo.;a jQ ldrKh jkqfha usksid jrA;udkh jk jsg usysu;ska
jZo jS fkdf.dia b;srs jQfha usksia iudch fnfyjska iduQyslj cSj;a jQ jevs msrsilf.ka iukajs;
jSu ksid hk lreKhs' usksid iajNdjfhkau .egqulska f;drj osjs fmfj; .;lsrSug
repslFjhla olajkafkls' usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys wE; w;S;fha isgu ta ta f.da;@sl ixfla;hka f,i
us;@ ixl,amh jsjsO iajrEmfhka Ndjs;djSu wkqj fmkS hkafka o fulS woyihs' fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys oDIHudk iajNdjh us;@ hkqfjka ksrEms; foajFjhlg kxjuska thg .re i;aldr
lrkjd hkafkys wF:!h jkqfha us;`re nj iudcfhys mj;ajdf.k hkakg lsishuz
225

36. m@;scdkkd;aul wkq,nhla ta ;`<ska ,ndfokjd hkakhs' fulS foajFjhg wdfrdamKh lsrSu ;`<ska
fu;a;d ixl,amh fyj;a us;`re nj b;du;a iuzNdjkdjg md;@ jsh hq;` yd th ish,a,kaf.a
ie,ls,a,g Ndckh jkakg b;du;a fhda.H ixl,amhla nj;a th wksjdrAhfhkau iudcfhys
;yjqre l< hq;` fohla njg;a wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' us;`re nj yd iyfhda.h udkjhka msrsila
tlaj lghq;` lsrSfuz oS ;snsh hq;`u .`Kdx.hls' foajFjhg kxjd fmkajd fokafka thhs' jvd;a
jeo.;a jkafka fulS fu;a;d ixl,amh mqoa.,Fjfhka neyerj iudc iuznJO;d jsIfhys wod<
lr.ekqkq wdldrhhs' mqoa.,sl nj wd;audrA:lduSFjh ;`< jsoHudk jk fohls' ienjskau msrsila
;`< huz mqoa.,fhl`yg mqoa., wkkH;djhla ;snsh yels kuq|= tu wkkH;djh Tiafia f.dvk.d
.kakd ,o wd;audrA:lduS pska;k rgdjla ;snsh fkdyelaflah' mqoa.,sl nj iuzm;a mrsfNdack
rgdj wkqj udkjhska jsiska ilia lr.kakd ,o fohls' mqoa., wkHkH;djh ffkirA.slju
mqoa.,hka ;`< mejf;k fohls' mqoa., wkkH;djh mokuz lrf.k mqoa.,slFjfhka neyerj
huska fmd|= njg mrsjrA;kh jSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid b;du;aj idrA:l wdldrfhka l<
yelsh' tjsg mqoa.,sl iuzu;hka iudc iuzu;hka njg o iudc iuzu;hka mqoa.,sl iuzu;hka
njg o mrssjrA;YS,Sj l@shd;aul jk nejska fuys oS mqoa., wkkH;djh ms<snZo .egZMjla meK
kZ.skafka ke;' mqoa., wkkH;djh idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh ms<snZo lghq;` j,oS w;sYhskau wjYH
jk fohls' idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh wF:!j;a jkqfha o mqoa., wkkH;djh ksiduh' kuq;a iuzm;a
mrsyrKfha oS wjsOsu;a f,i mqoa.,sl mrsfNdack rgdj l@shd;aul jSu;a iuZ.u mqoa.,
wkkH;djh uZ.ska wF:!j;a jkakd jQ idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh nsZo jefghs kuz mqoa.,slFjh mqoa.,
wkkH;djfhka jsNskak jQ yd mqoa., wkkH;djh flfrys m@;sfYaOkd;aul whqrska n,mdkq
,nkakla nj fmkS hhs' fufia jkafka mqoa.,sl njg mokuz jkafka mqoa.,hd yd udkj
jgskdluzj,g wkq.; fkdjk Tyqf.a ndysr l@shdldrluz usi iduQysl nj fyda i;H udkj
we.hquz fyda fkdjk nejsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh iEu jsgloSu fmd|= nj ms<snZoj weZ.jquz ldrlh
fjz' udkj is;a ;`< mqoa.,sl nj bj;a fldg mqoa., wkkH;djh fmd|= njg mrsjrA;kh
lrjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj uZ.sks' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d lsrSu fya;`fjka
mqoa., wkkH;djfhys wfydis jSula is|= fkdjk w;r tfia jqjfyd;a idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh
fu;a;d ixl,amfhka ksfYaO jkafka hehs mejiSug yelshdj we;;a tfia fkdj fu;a;d
ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj fya;`fjka mqoa., wkkH;djh hym;a wdldrh f.dvkeZ.Sula o is|= jk
nejska th idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r lsishuz iuSm iuznJO;djhla o cks; lrhs' 105
idudkH iudc jHjydrh wkqj idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r t;ruz jsYd,
fjkila jsoHudk fkdfj;;a" jsoHd;aul pska;kh wkqj fuu me;slv fol w;r fjkialuz
jsoHudkh' idrOrAu! jkdyS wd.fuka wd.ug ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg jsjsO yev;,hka
.kakd w;r iodpdrh tfia fjkiajkafka fkdfjz' iodpdrh jsYajSh fohla fjz' tfukau jshqla;j
.;al< jqj o tys we;s ksrfmaCI jeo.;alu yd we.hquz fkdfjkiaj mj;S' idudkH ;;ajhka
;`< oS idrOrAu! td iodpdrh w;r w;s jsYd, mr;rhla we;ejsgl oS jsoHudk fj;;a fn#oaO
idrOrAu! iuznJOfhka idrOrAu! yd iodpdrh w;r tjka jsjsOFjhla jsoHudk fkdfjz'106
226