Expressing permissions and restrictions for news content. IPTC has been working on a formal language for machine-readable expression of rights. This presentation reviews the requirements, the landscape of rights expression languages and the work we've been doing to establish a standard using ODRL and ACAP.

1. IPTC andRights Expression Languages Stuart Myles Associated Press 8th March 2011

2. © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 2 Rights Examples “No New York” “Not for Yahoo” “No Canada mobile” “No sales” “Any non-commercial use, requires attribution” “No Internet/Mobile usage without Football Association Premier League (FAPL) license” “No mobile use until 2 hours after the match, website users are obliged to comply with DFL restrictions”

3. Usage Rights and News Looking at the examples of usage rights for news content, we see some common types of factors: Specific organizations Types of organizations Permitted or restricted actions (e.g. sales) Required actions (e.g. attribution) Time constraints Geographic locations Platforms (e.g. mobile) © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 3

4. IPTC and Rights In March 2010, we reviewed IPTC rights support NITF, NewsML 1, the G2 Family Each offers semi-structured natural language statements Conclusion a machine-readable solution is required Principally for use within the G2 family of standards IPTC would prefer to select an existing language, rather than developing a new REL entirely from scratch We conducted a survey of IPTC members We evaluated candidate languages and decided that ODRL was the best option We are working within ACAP v2 to create an ODRL Profile © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 4

5. Rights Use Cases The survey was structured as five suggested use cases, to see if there was any commonality: Four use cases concerning applying rights metadata within an editorial system One use case about rights metadata being sent from or received from clients We got three responses, with little commonality Interestingly, the main consensus was that the sending and receiving rights metadata is important but that enforcement in editorial tools is not This appears to be contradictory Why is it important to transmit rights if they aren’t to be acted on? © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 5

6. Rights Expression Language? A machine-readable language to convey rights associated with a piece of content Automatically answer the question Can we use this content for this particular purpose? Rights: Permissions and restrictions on the use of a piece of content Granted by a rights holder to a user Basic Structure: {Party A} grants {Party B} the right to {Action C} with {Item D} under {Condition E} © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 6

7. IPTC and Rights Expressions NewsML 1 and NITF support a semi-structured model © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 7

9. PLUS PLUS Licensing Data Format Provides standard vocabularies for creating licenses Similar data model to ISO REL and ODRL Specific vocabularies aimed at publishers of images PLUS has a relationship with IPTC © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 10

10. CCREL Creative Commons Grant of rights beyond “fair use”, to promote re-use http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CC_REL Widely implemented, used in certain Yahoo! and Google applications (chiefly to find rights cleared content) © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 11

11. ODRL v2 © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 12 The Core ODRL model supports permissions, restrictions and duties http://odrl.net/2.0/DS-ODRL-Model.html

12. The ODRL Approach Core model The basic framework for expressing rights and restrictions Domain-specific vocabularies Specific actions or constraints Designed to be used by a particular industry Terms and their definitions Common vocabulary Designing a vocabulary that is not aimed at a specific vertical Based on other RELs, including PLUS Encoding Expressing ODRL in XML, RDF (perhaps JSON, microformats) © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 13

13. ODRL and ACAP ACAP v2 has been developing a set of news vocabularies for use in the ODRL v2 framework Principle participants have been AP, Getty, NLA, WSJ Not too late to join… ODRL v2 and ACAP v2 are on track to complete by early Q3 NLA and AP each preparing experimental implementations To see the current status Sign up to the ODRL/ACAP wiki http://odrl.net/wiki/tiki-index.php?page=ACAP+Profile © 2010 IPTC (www.iptc.org) All rights reserved 14