Habiatal Zone (outside our solar system)

Habitability Outside the Solar System

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Are Habitable Planets Common? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Habitability Zone Around Other Stars in Our Galaxy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Habitability Zone in Our Galaxy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Habitability Zones Elsewhere in the Galaxy Using Star Size

Different Stars – Different Habitable Zones Athena Andreadis, in Astronomy , Jan. 1999, illus. by Terri Field

Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How to Find an Extrasolar Planet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Four Main Ways to Find an Extrasolar Planet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Change in position of Sun due to Jupiter as seen from 10 parsecs distant

Extrasolar Planet Detection Capability

Considerations for Habitability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Planet Size Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Atmospheric Loss Processes to Consider ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Is Earth Rare? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Extraterrestrial Intelligence: Are We Alone? We’ll have to make many (educated) guesses to evaluate odds of ETs in our huge Galaxy But for many guesses we have only a SINGLE data point: our Earth This makes it almost impossible to be “scientific”

A Fearless Estimate Drake “Equation” for the number of “technical civilizations” currently in Milky Way: N = (SFR) x n habit planets x f life x f intel x f tech x L Simple accounting of our ignorance, which increases from left term to right

The Drake Equation – “The great filter” ,[object Object],[object Object]

R = average rate of star formation in the galaxy ,[object Object]

Fs = fraction of stars similar to the sun ,[object Object]

Fp = Fraction of stars with planetary systems ,[object Object]

Ne = mean proportion of planets within the CHZ ,[object Object],[object Object]

Fl = fraction of planets on which life originates ,[object Object]

Fl = proportion of planets with intelligent life ,[object Object]

Fc = fraction of intelligent species attempting interstellar communications ,[object Object]

L = Lifetime of intelligent species ,[object Object],[object Object]

Drake Equation Estimate ,[object Object],[object Object]

ET Question can only be resolved with more data—who is going to make the first move, us or them? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Our 25 nearest stellar neighbors.

What’s a Light Year? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

So how far is it? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

So how far is it? ,[object Object],[object Object]

An example close to home… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

260,000 stars within 250 light years

Pessimists say we have to search almost our entire galaxy to find intelligent company: 200 billion stars offer a lot of possibilities, but typical distances are now tens of thousands of light years!

In that case, why stop with our own Galaxy, since we could reach thousands more, going another factor of 100 further in distance…

What can they do to contact us? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Arecibo 1000 foot dish in Puerto Rico, with very powerful radio transmitter

HOLD ON!! Are we SURE we WANT to be Contacted? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Even George Lucas can’t imagine how strange ETs will really be, and that is mathematical certainty These are all just humans, dressed up in fancy costumes!

What can they do to contact us? That requires speculating about them! ,[object Object],[object Object]

If Optimists Correct, Where Are They? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

For either possibility 1) or 3), the only sound position is to assume we’re alone for now ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

(Personal) Overview of some of Homo Sapiens’ Highs and Lows What snaps would You send to the Galactic Club? Whatever you say about all these spectacular Highs and Lows, We HUMANS did them 100% on our own No matter how many times we mess up, WE HUMANS will never stop trying I PREFER this to the prospect of some superior aliens doing it all for us

Habiatal Zone (outside our solar system)

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Habiatal Zone (outside our solar system)