AP Chap 16 DNA

1. Chapter 16 The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

5. Fig. 16-2 Living S cells (control) Living R cells (control) Heat-killed S cells (control) Mixture of heat-killed S cells and living R cells Mouse dies Mouse dies Mouse healthy Mouse healthy Living S cells RESULTS EXPERIMENT

9. Fig. 16-3 Bacterial cell Phage head Tail sheath Tail fiber DNA 100 nm

12. Fig. 16-4-3 EXPERIMENT Phage DNA Bacterial cell Radioactive protein Radioactive DNA Batch 1: radioactive sulfur ( 35 S) Batch 2: radioactive phosphorus ( 32 P) Empty protein shell Phage DNA Centrifuge Centrifuge Pellet Pellet (bacterial cells and contents) Radioactivity (phage protein) in liquid Radioactivity (phage DNA) in pellet

16. Fig. 16-6 (a) Rosalind Franklin (b) Franklin’s X-ray diffraction photograph of DNA

18. Fig. 16-7b (c) Space-filling model

19. Fig. 16-7a Hydrogen bond 3  end 5  end 3.4 nm 0.34 nm 3  end 5  end (b) Partial chemical structure (a) Key features of DNA structure 1 nm

21. Fig. 16-UN1 Purine + purine: too wide Pyrimidine + pyrimidine: too narrow Purine + pyrimidine: width consistent with X-ray data

25. Fig. 16-8 Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G)

29. Fig. 16-9-3 A T G C T A T A G C (a) Parent molecule A T G C T A T A G C (c) “Daughter” DNA molecules, each consisting of one parental strand and one new strand (b) Separation of strands A T G C T A T A G C A T G C T A T A G C

33. Fig. 16-10 Parent cell First replication Second replication (a) Conservative model (b) Semiconserva- tive model (c) Dispersive model

37. Fig. 16-11 EXPERIMENT RESULTS CONCLUSION 1 2 4 3 Conservative model Semiconservative model Dispersive model Bacteria cultured in medium containing 15 N Bacteria transferred to medium containing 14 N DNA sample centrifuged after 20 min (after first application) DNA sample centrifuged after 40 min (after second replication) More dense Less dense Second replication First replication

41. Fig. 16-16 Overview Origin of replication Leading strand Leading strand Lagging strand Lagging strand Overall directions of replication Template strand RNA primer Okazaki fragment Overall direction of replication 1 2 3  2 1 1 1 1 2 2 5  1 3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  3  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  3  3 

44. Fig. 16-12 Origin of replication Parental (template) strand Daughter (new) strand Replication fork Replication bubble Two daughter DNA molecules (a) Origins of replication in E. coli Origin of replication Double-stranded DNA molecule Parental (template) strand Daughter (new) strand Bubble Replication fork Two daughter DNA molecules (b) Origins of replication in eukaryotes 0.5 µm 0.25 µm Double- stranded DNA molecule

46. Fig. 16-13 Topoisomerase Helicase Primase Single-strand binding proteins RNA primer 5  5  5  3  3  3 

51. Fig. 16-14 A C T G G G G C C C C C A A A T T T New strand 5  end Template strand 3  end 5  end 3  end 3  end 5  end 5  end 3  end Base Sugar Phosphate Nucleoside triphosphate Pyrophosphate DNA polymerase

54. Fig. 16-15a Overview Leading strand Leading strand Lagging strand Lagging strand Origin of replication Primer Overall directions of replication

55. Fig. 16-15b Origin of replication RNA primer “ Sliding clamp” DNA pol III Parental DNA 3  5  5  5  5  5  5  3  3  3 