How 3D printing is useful for human life's in each aspects of health science and organ development, now a days 3D printing plays a major role because of its vivid uses which helps for human life.

1. 3D PRINTING IN PHARMACEUTICALS
AND ORGAN FABRICATION
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 1
Under the guidance of
Dr. P. SHAILAJA, M.Pharm., Ph.D.
By:
G. Swathi,
Regd no: 615209501007,
II/II M.Pharmacy,
Pharmaceutical technology,
Andhra University college of pharmaceutical sciences.

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Advantages
• History
• General principles
• 3D printing technology
• 3D printed patented pharmaceutical products
• Current trends
• Process for bioprinting organs
• Applications
• Conclusion
• Future trends
• References
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 2

3. INTRODUCTION
• 3 dimensional printing (3DP) technology relies on computer-aided
designs (CAD) to achieve unparalleled flexibility, time saving and
exceptional manufacturing capability of pharmaceutical products
and organs. The process involves 3D proto-typing of layer
fabrication via CAD to formulate drug materials and living cells
into the desired dosage form and organ
• Each of these layers can be seen as a tiny sliced on horizontal cross-
section of the eventual object
• Also called as additive manufacturing, rapid proto typing,
subtractive processes
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 3

4. Terminology
• Additive manufacturing: Refers to technologies that create objects
through sequential layering
• Rapid prototyping: Is a group of techniques to quickly fabricate a
scale model of a physical part or assembly three-dimensional CAD
data
• Subtractive processes: Removal of material by methods such as
cutting or drilling
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5. • 3DP is gaining increasing attention in pharmaceutical formulation
development as an effective strategy to overcome some challenges of
conventional manufacturing unit operations
• For instance, the conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing unit
operation involving milling, mixing, granulation and compression can
result in disparate qualities of the final products with respect to drug
loading, drug release, drug stability and pharmaceutical dosage form
stability
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 5
Reference: http://www.pharmaceutical-
journal.com/Pictures/580xAny/7/8/4/1068784_3d-
printing-tablets-15.jpg
Reference:
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37533/1/3D%20PRI
NTING-IJP%20Shaban%20Khaled
%20%28Final%29.pdf

6. ADVANTAGES
• High production rates due to its fast operating systems
• Ability to achieve high drug loading with much desired precision
and accuracy especially for potent drugs that are applied in small
doses
• Reduction of material wastage which can save in the cost of
production
• Amenability to broad type of pharmaceutical active ingredients
including poorly water-soluble, peptides and proteins, as well as
drug with narrow therapeutic window
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 6

7. HISTORY
• The technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data
was first developed by Charles Hull in 1984
• He named the technique as stereo lithography and obtained a patent
for the technique in 1986
• By the end of 1980s, similar technologies such as Fused Deposition
Modeling (FDM) and selective Laser Sintering (SLS) were
introduced
• In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MT) patented
another technology, named “3 Dimensional Printing techniques”,
which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D printers
• However, in 2015, the first 3D printed formulation (Spritam®),
based on powder bed-liquid 3D printing technology (Zipdose®),
was approved by the FDA (Aprecia Pharmaceuticals, 2015)
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 7

8. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 8
Modeling
Virtual blueprint
from computer
aided design
(CAD) or
animation
modeling software
and “slices” them
into digital cross–
sections for a
guidance for
printing.
Printing
To perform a print,
the machine reads
the design and lays
down successive
layers of liquid,
powder to build the
model from a series
of cross sections.
These layers are
corresponds to the
virtual cross
sections from the
CAD model.
Finishing
Printer-produced
resolution is
sufficient for many
applications,
removing material
with a subtractive
process can achieve
a higher-resolution.
Reference: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3dprintingmainppt-161024161309/95/3-d-printing-main-
ppt-4-638.jpg?cb=1477325639

9. 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY
• Stereo lithography:
Stereo lithography is a process for creating three dimensional
objects using a computer-controlled laser to build the required structure,
layer by layer. It does this by using a resin known as liquid photopolymer
that hardens when in contact with the air.
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 9
Reference: https://www.haikudeck.com/chuck-hull-business-presentation-vlTsrCPjj9

10. • Inkjet 3D printing:
• In the technique, different combinations of active ingredients and
excipients (ink) are precisely sprayed in small droplets (via drug on
demand or continuous jet method) in varying sizes layer by layer
into a non-powder substrate
• The technique encompasses powder-based 3D printing that uses a
powder foundation (powder substrate) for the sprayed ink where it
solidifies into a solid dosage form
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 10
Reference:
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/doctoralseminar
-flora-gladchizobaekezie-160602035320/95/3d-
printing-technologies-for-food-fabrication-35-
638.jpg?cb=1464839639

11. • Selective laser sintering (SLS):
This builds objects by using a laser to selectively fuse together
successive layers of a cocktail of powdered wax, ceramic, metal, nylon
or one of a range of other materials.
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 11
Reference: http://en.topmaxtech.net/content/uploads/types-of-3d-printers-3d-printing-technologies-09.jpg

12. • Fused deposition modeling (FDM):
• The process can be applied to multiple dosage forms that apply
polymers as part of the framework such as implants, zero-order
release tablets, multi-layered tablets and fast-dissolving devices
• In the process the polymer of interest is melted and extruded
through a movable heated nozzle
• The layer by layer ejection of the polymer is repeated along x-y-z
stage, followed by solidification to create a shape previously defined
by the computer aided design models
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 12
Reference: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/medicalapplications-160506140658/95/medical-applications-for-
3d-printing-11-638.jpg?cb=1462543843

13. Work flow of 3D printing process
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 13
Reference: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3dfinal-090808214409-
phpapp01/95/3d-printing-future-printing-7-728.jpg?cb=1466622584

14. Summary of 3D printing technologies applied in the
development of pharmaceutical drug delivery systems.
Printing
technology/printer type
Dosage forms Model drug used
3D direct printing
technology
Micro porous bio ceramics Tetracycline, vancomycin,
ofloxacin
Fused-filament 3D printing tablets fluorescein
3D extrusion printer Multi-active solid dosage
form (polyp ill)
Aspirin, atenolol, ramipril
Inkjet printer Implant with lactic acid
polymer matrix
levofloxacin
stereo lithography Modified-release tablets 4-aminoSlaicylic acid and
paracetamol
Laboratory scale 3-DP
machine
Capsule with immediate
release core and a release
rate regulating shell
Pseudoephedrine
hydrochloride
3D printer Dough-shaped multi-
layered drug delivery
device
acetaminophen
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 14

15. 3D PRINTED PATENTED
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
• Aprecia zip dose developed the Zipdose® platform, which is
designed to enable delivery of high-dose medications in a rapidly
disintegrating form, produces a product layer-by-layer without using
compression forces, punches or dies
• Key features:
1) Rapidly disintegrate on contact with liquid by breaking the
bonds created during the 3DP process
2) Support dosing upto 1000mg/1g
3) Allow the application of enhanced taste-masking techniques
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16. CURRENT TRENDS
• Compared to other sectors, 3D printing technology has played a
minor role in healthcare so far. Experts assume that health care only
accounted for 1.6% of all investments made into the $ 700 million
3D printing industry. However, that number is expected to grow to
21% over the next 10 years
• Applications such as dental implants have already been very
successful commercially: its assumed that around 5,00,000 customs-
fit invisalign braces are printed on a daily basis
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 16
Reference: http://espritdental.com/Blog/SearchTag/3D%20Systems

17. PROCESS FOR BIOPRINTING ORGANS
Create a blue print of an organ with
its vascular architecture,
Generate a bioprinting process plan,
isolate stem cells.
Differentiate the stem cells into organ-
specific cells,
Prepare bioink reservoirs with organ-specific
cells, blood vessel cells and support medium
and load them into the printer.
Bioprint,
Place the bioprinted organ in a
bioreactor prior to transplantation.
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 17

18. 3D PRINTING
APPLICATIONS
Tissue and
organ
fabrication
Creating
prosthetics,
implants, and
anatomical models
Pharmaceutical
research
concerning
drug discovery,
delivery and
dosage forms.
Education: Engage
students by
bringing digital
concepts into the
real world, turning
their ideas into real
life 3D color models
that they can
actually hold it.
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 18

19. CONCLUSION
• 3D printing has becoming a useful and potential transformative tool
in a number of different fields, including medicine
• Researchers continue to improve existing medical applications of
3D printing technology and to explore new ones
• The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are
already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary
applications, such as organ printing, will need time to evolve
A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 19

20. FUTURE TRENDS
• The most advanced 3D printing applications that is anticipated is the
bioprinting of complex organs
• In situ printing, in which implants or living organs are printed in the
human body during operations, is another anticipated future trend
• In situ bioprinting for repairing external organs, such as skin has
already taken place
• This approach could possibly advance for in situ repair of partially
damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning internal organs
• A handled 3D printer for insitu usage for direct tissue repair is an
anticipated innovation in tis area
• Advancements in robotic bioprinters and robot-assisted surgery may
also be integral to the evolution of this technology
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21. REFERENCES
• Furqan A M Aulvi et al, application of 3D printing technology in the
development of novel drug delivery systems, international journal of
drug development and research ISSN: 0975-9344, volume 9 (1): 44-
49 (2017)-044
• Assraa H Jassim-jaboori et al, 3D printing technology in
pharmaceutical drug delivery prospects and challenges, J biomol res
there, ISSN: 2167-7956, volume 4
• Khaled, Shaban A. and Burley et al, 3D printing of controlled
release pharmaceutical bilayer tablets. International Journal of
Pharmaceutics, 461 (1-2). pp. 105-111. ISSN 1873-3476
• Alvaro Goyanes et al, Fabrication of controlled-release budesonide
tablets via desktop (FDM) 3D printing, IJP 15294
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22. A.U. College of Pharmaceutical sciences 22
Reference: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CNIvXjSWIAE2bBv.jpg,
http://www.kimyasalgelismeler.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/3D-Yazicilar-ile-
Organ-Uretimi-01-1.jpg,
https://healthinformatics.wikispaces.com/file/view/joint.jpeg/528334666/joint.jpeg

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