9. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to
Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife,
Killed June 28, 1914 in
Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand
member, Gavrilo Princip
Assassination
10. Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;
Serbia partially agreed July 25
Summer of 1914
Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28
Austria declared war on Serbia July 28
11. Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30
Germany pledged to support Austria
Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1
France allied with Russia
12. Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3
Germany declared war on France Aug 3
Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4
World War I Begins………..
15. The Battles Begin
Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan
drawn up in 1905
called for invasion of neutral Belgium
assumed slow Russian mobilization
allow for quick defeat of French
16. Problems with Schlieffen Plan
Invaded heavily fortified area of Belgium
Great Britain involved after invasion
Encountered strong resistance
Russian army mobilized quickly
Split Germany forces in East
17. Downfall of Schlieffen Plan
France attacked Germans in Alsace-
Lorraine
Caused delay in German advance
Battle of Marne caused German retreat
Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan
Realized war would not end quickly
19. Modern War
Submarine warfare
Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping
Rapid fire machine guns
Led to trench warfare
Trench warfare
Thousands of miles of ditches for protection
Tanks
Designed to break through barbed wire
Airplanes
Primary function—to observe enemy activities
Poison gas
Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates
20. The Home Front
Selective Service – 2.8 million drafted
War Industries Board –
coordinate production of war
materials
Daylight savings time
Bonds – Liberty and Victory
21. Women’s Roles
Women
Fill jobs in factories
Military service
• Allowed to enlist in Navy
• Fill temporary jobs in Army
• Army nurses were only military women allowed to
go overseas
22. African Americans
Served in segregated units in military
“Great Migration”
Movement from South to North to fill factory
jobs
25. 1917 Russia pulls out
• Closing Eastern front
• American troops arrive
1918
Allies launch Meuse-Argonne Offensive
• Final assault
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
Germany surrenders
War ends 11th Hour of 11th
Day of 11th Month 1918
26. Treaty of Versailles
“Big Four” : United States, Great Britain,
France, Italy
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Plan for peace after war
League of Nations
•General association of nations
Help preserve peace
Help prevent future wars
27. Treaty of Versailles….cont’d
Congress never signed Treaty of Versailles
US never member of League of Nations
Germany’s punishment
Accept blame for causing war
Reduce military
Pay war reparations
28. Effects of WWI on US
Developments in War
War-torn economies of
Europe
Russian Revolution
Industrial demand of
wartime
Sacrifices of wartime;
disappointment with
Versailles Peace
Treaty
Effects on US
Boom in US economy;
emergence of US as
world industrial leader
“Red Scare” in
postwar US; suspicion
of immigrants
Internal migration in
US, especially African
Americans to Northern
cities
Failure to join League
of Nations