1. 6.1

2. 0
-
+ +
0.5 -
6.1
2.1 Covalent
>3.3 Bonding

4. Covalent bonding

5. Covalent bonding
• Different from ionic.

6. Covalent bonding
• Different from ionic.

7. Covalent bonding
• Different from ionic.
• Ionic is transferring electrons

8. Covalent bonding
• Different from ionic.
• Ionic is transferring electrons

9. Covalent bonding
• Different from ionic.
• Ionic is transferring electrons
• Covalent is SHARING ELECTRONS.

11. Hydrogen gas

12. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?

13. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-

14. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-

15. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-

16. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-

17. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-
repulsions

18. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-
repulsions

19. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-
repulsions
attractions

20. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-
repulsions
attractions

21. Hydrogen gas
• Example of sharing, but what happens?
-
+ +
-
They SHARE the e-,
repulsions
creating a
attractions molecular orbital.

23. Electronegativity and bonding

24. Electronegativity and bonding
• Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to
attract e-.
– This causes some atoms to “share” electrons
unequally.

25. Electronegativity and bonding
• Electronegativity: The ability of an atom to
attract e-.
– This causes some atoms to “share” electrons
unequally.
• How is this determined?
– Find the difference (subtract) in
electronegativity.

27. 3 types of bonds

28. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds

29. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds

30. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
0.5

31. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
0.5

32. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5

33. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
2.1

34. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
δ+ δ-
2.1

35. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
δ+ δ- polar covalent
2.1

36. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
δ+ δ- polar covalent
2.1
>3.3

37. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
δ+ δ- polar covalent
2.1
+ -
>3.3

38. Electronegativity
differences 3 types of bonds
0
Nonpolar covalent
0.5
δ+ δ- polar covalent
2.1
+ - ionic
>3.3

40. Determine the type of bond.

41. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………

42. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………

43. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………

44. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………

45. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………
• CaCl2 ……………………………

46. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………
• CaCl2 ……………………………

47. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………
• CaCl2 ……………………………

48. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………
• CaCl2 ……………………………

49. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ………………………………
• CaCl2 ……………………………
• CF4 ………………………………

50. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
• CaCl2 ……………………………
• CF4 ………………………………

51. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
• CaCl2 ……………………………
• CF4 ………………………………

52. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 ……………………………
• CF4 ………………………………

53. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
• CF4 ………………………………

54. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
= 2.2
• CF4 ………………………………

55. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
= 2.2
= Ionic
• CF4 ………………………………

56. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
= 2.2
= Ionic
4.0 - 2.6
• CF4 ………………………………

57. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
= 2.2
= Ionic
4.0 - 2.6
• CF4 ………………………………
= 1.4

58. Determine the type of bond.
• NO2 ……………………………… 3.4 - 3.0
= 0.40
= Nonpolar covalent
• CaCl2 …………………………… 3.2 - 1.0
= 2.2
= Ionic
4.0 - 2.6
• CF4 ………………………………
= 1.4
= Polar covalent