This is a short (1.5 hour) presentation for support staff about RDA and the do's and don'ts of editing bibliographic records in MARC format. Covers background material on RDA, identifying RDA records vs AACR2 records, changes to records and cataloging practices due to RDA (fields, vocabularies, terms, etc.), hybrid AACR2/RDA records, and the basic rules of editing (both general and for specific fields).
1. RDA and Editing Bib Records
Shana L. McDanold
Head, Metadata Services
2. Cataloging brief history
Early cataloging codes
No “one” set for US libraries
1940s: ALA cataloging rules
1961 IFLA’s Paris Principles
Cutter’s Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog
1967: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR)
2 versions!: North American text and a British text
1969: ISBDs (consolidated in 2007)
1978: Anglo-American Cataloging Rules Revised (AACR2)
Revisions: 1988, 1998, 2002
1960s: MARC developed (Henriette Avram)
Work completed 1969
US standard by 1971; international standard 1973
Several “flavors” of MARC
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3. RDA – the birth story
2005: Final update of AACR2 2002 ed.
1997: International Conference on the Principles & Future
Development of AACR
2002: AACR3 development begins
2003-2007: meetings of the International Cataloguing Principles
(ICP)
2005: AACR3 renamed RDA: Resource Description and Access
2006, 2007: drafts of RDA chapters and appendices
2008: first full draft of RDA
2009: delivered to the publishers
2010: first published in the RDA Toolkit
2010/2011: testing, testing
2012: re-writing by an editor, other tasks designated by U.S. Test
Coordinating Committee
March 31, 2013: RDA implementation!
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4. So why RDA?
AACR2 is based on a card environment
Rules/Structure limited by that 3x5 inch boundary
RDA is designed for the web and online
communication, making use of how intertwined the
web is to share information
From RDA 0.0 Purpose and Scope:
“RDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions on
formulating data to support resource discovery.”
“RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and
instructions covering all types of content and media.”
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5. Bibliographic records
RDA is fundamentally different in its approach to
describing materials/resources/things
Focus on content *first* and carrier/format second
RDA cultivates relationships
“Guidelines and instructions” rather than rules
Cataloger’s judgment
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6. Bib records – vocabulary changes
AACR2 RDA
Heading Authorized access point
Author, composer, artist, etc. Creator
Main entry Preferred title, and, if appropriate, authorized
access point for the creator
Uniform title Two RDA counterparts:
1. Preferred title + differentiating information
2. Conventional collective title like “works”
Physical description Carrier description
General material designator
(GMD)
Three elements:
1. Content type
2. Media type
3. Carrier type
Chief source Preferred source(s)
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7. Bib records – new MARC fields
336 – content type
337 – media type
338 – carrier type
344 – sound characteristics
345 – projection characteristics of moving image
346 – video characteristics
347 – digital file characteristics
264 – production, publication, distribution,
manufacture, and copyright notice
New subfields for relationships (mostly $e)
New subfields to parse 502 Dissertation information
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8. Bib records – controlled vocabularies
Fields using controlled vocabularies:
336, 337, 338 [RDA]
Relationship subfield (|e) [RDA]
6xx [LCSH]
MUST use a term from the lists in those fields
Terms are registered on the web
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9. Bib records – key changes
Transcription – record what’s there!
Source(s)
Relationships for authorized access points
*Required* for the creator
Rule of three – gone!
Be liberal in recording alternate titles
Related works are no longer in a general note field,
but rather traced so they can be linked
GMD replaced by 336 (content type), 337 (media
type), 338 (carrier type)
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11. Bib records – identification/examples
Identification of an RDA record:
040 |e rda
LDR/18 (Desc) = i (ISBD), c (ISBD not included), blank
(non-ISBD)
Identification of an AACR2 record:
040 has NO |e
LDR/18 (Desc) = a (AACR2)
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12. RDA or AACR2? Maybe both!
Hybrid records
A record that contains elements from more than one
content standard
Such as an AACR2 record with 33x fields or |e relationship
terms
can safely add as many elements as you desire that don’t
impact the transcription based descriptive fields – those
form the “bibliographic integrity” of the record
Add notes, correct authorized access points, add authorized
access points, but don’t edit the publisher or title information
If more edits are needed, give the record and resource to a
cataloger
Why?
goal is to support access – add things that will enhance
and contribute to the user finding what they need
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13. Bib records – basic rules of editing
The goal of editing a bibliographic record should be
focused on enhancing the record to improve user
access to the resource by contributing to the user
tasks: find, identify, select, and obtain
If it's not wrong, leave it alone
If it’s wrong, correct it; only delete when you can’t fix it
Don’t edit just for style/phrase/etc.
Accept capitalization and abbreviations!
Ask first if you are not sure
Do NOT use abbreviations
Unless present on the piece in hand
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14. Bib records – what can I or can’t I edit?
Field Delete? Add? Edit? (change or
correct data)
050/090 (LC call number) YES YES YES
0xx (codes/numbers) YES YES YES
1xx (creator or preferred
title)
NO NO YES
240 (preferred title) NO NO YES
245 |a |n |p |b (title) NO NO CORRECT
ERRORS ONLY
GMD (245 |h) NO NO NO
245 |c (author) NO YES YES
246 3_ (alternate title) NO YES YES
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15. Bib records – what can I or can’t I edit?
Field Delete? Add? Edit? (change
or correct data)
300 NO YES (if not
present)
YES
336/337/338 NO YES* YES*
5xx fields (notes) NO YES YES
6xx fields (subjects) NO YES* YES*
700/710 (additional names) NO YES YES
1xx/7xx |e (relationship
term)
NO YES* YES*
856 41 (URLs) YES YES YES
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*MUST use controlled vocabulary terms for these fields/subfields
16. Bib records – what can I or can’t I edit?
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260 field versus 264 field
260: Imprint
still valid if present, but not preferred, do not use
264: Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture,
and Copyright Notice
Repeatable
Second indicator has meaning!
0 - Production
1 - Publication
2 - Distribution
3 - Manufacture
4 - Copyright notice date – can ONLY have a |c (date)!
Can I edit the 264? CORRECT ERRORS ONLY.
17. Authority records
ALL authority records MUST be RDA compliant as of
March 31, 2013
Identification:
040 |e rda
008/10 (Rules) = z (other)
Records with a 667 note that says “DO NOT USE”
Give the record to a cataloger
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18. RDA Toolkit
Tabs
RDA – text of RDA
Tools
RDA element set
RDA mappings (MARC-RDA; MODS-RDA)
RDA record examples
Workflows – can be global (public) or local
Maps – Metadata Application Profiles
Entity Relationship Diagrams (FRBR, FRAD, etc.)
Schemas – element sets
Resources
AACR2
LC-PCC PS (policy statements)
Other (various links)
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19. RDA Toolkit
Updates
“When there is a new release for RDA Toolkit, it is made
on the second Tuesday of the month. Releases typically
contain updates to content and metadata, enhancements
to RDA Toolkit functionality, and fixes to existing bugs.”
(RDA Toolkit blog)
May 14, 2013
Next: July 9, 2013
Training
RDA Toolkit Essentials - FREE
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20. So what’s next?
BIBFRAME
Linked Data and the Semantic Web
Tools
Bibframe.org
RIMMF – RDA in Many Metadata Formats
VTLS Sandbox (subscription) – “FRBRize” records
Linkeddata.org
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23. Acknowledgments
Slide content credits:
Library of Congress
Barbara Tillett, Judy Kuhagen, the staff of the Cataloging &
Acquisitions Cooperative and Instructional Programs Division
Jacquie Samples (Duke U.)
Joint Steering Committee for the Development of RDA
And many more who have contributed bits and pieces
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Hinweis der Redaktion
Multiple sets – different communities had their own sets – Law, serials, medical, etc.1940s the ALA cataloging rules emerged as more primary, but various rules had existed for many years (Cutter’s dictionary arrangement, etc.)AACR – North America and UK couldn’t agree on certain approaches (corporate bodies – US entered some under place instead of under the name itself)Resulted in the famous AACR2 migration and de-superimposition of headingsMARC flavors: UKMARC, USMARC, MARC21, MARCXML, etc.
ICP meetings outcome: IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (published Feb. 2009): http://www.ifla.org/publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principlesRDA tasks from U.S. Test Coordinating Committee: http://www.loc.gov/bibliographic-future/rda/source/rda-execsummary-public-13june11.pdfRe-writing RDA in clear, unambiguous, plain English ; RDA Toolkit improvement ; RDA updating process ; full set of examples ; BIBFRAME development ; training plan ; documentation/toolsRDA: for awhile jokingly called “Recently Delayed Again” due to delays in drafts, reviews, publishing, etc.
AACR2 – based on cards; limited by that 3x5 environment (ex: rule of 3, abbreviations) – cards are expensive, data is cheap also limited to print world have to “shoehorn” non-print formats into MARC and AACR2 structure intertwined with MARC and ISBD tied to bibliographic *library* world – data in a siloRDA – designed for the web and online, looks to future of web interactions open our data up to be used and transferred and connected to
Essentially “flipping AACR2 on it’s head” in terms of approachRDA starts with the content, describing the elements of the WORK first, then the EXPRESSION and MANIFESTATIONAACR2 is organized by format (carrier) – the tangible comes firstI largely work with web resources. So I have online books. Online videos. Online videos that are issued as serials. All of these things require me to review and cross reference and flip back and forth like an insane woman in AACR2 from chapter to chapter. The first and second examples both require using 2 chapters. The third example requires I use THREE distinct chapters in AACR2 to fully describe the thing I'm looking at since the format determines how the thing is described. This is not efficient.But core goal of making things findable (uniquely identifiable) is still the same
MARC documentation
Registered – what does that mean? – in the metadata registry for the webControlled: *Closed* lists for content, media, and carrier types *Closed* lists for relationship terms LCSH – process to submit new subjects via the SACO form can petition to add new terms as identified
Transcription – appearance on the piece is important in RDA; record what you see (capitalization is an appendix!) use for titles, statements of responsibility in their entirety, place and publisher, etc. abbreviate ONLY if found on the source itselfSource – the resource itself, including accompanying material, container, storage, presentation, etc. if taking information from something outside the resource itself or supplying data, enclose data in square brackets
Handout: chart of examplesPull up examples on OCLC and walk through fields ; “What do you see that’s different?” printed monograph: 838124078 ; 842392618 (240 field) ; 811004727 ; 826382429 (multipart mono); 842256261 (130 field) serial: 830844725 ; 833139957 (130 field)Order of fields in 040: |a |b |e |e |c |d |d
What is a hybrid record? A record that contains elements from more than one content standard e.g. AARC2 record with 33x fields or relationship terms can safely add as many elements as you desire that don’t impact the transcription based descriptive fields – those form the “bibliographic integrity” of the record e.g. add notes, change the authorized access points, add authorized access points, but don’t edit the publisher or title informationWhen do you re-describe? When you need to edit the descriptive fields that are based on transcription (generally the “core” elements of a record) – Refer to a cataloger!Why hybrid records? goal is to support access – add things that will enhance and contribute to the user tasksOn PCC website: http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/rda/PCC%20RDA%20guidelines/Post-RDA-Implementation-Guidelines.html
Printouts of RDA Authority records personal names corporate bodiesPull up sample record in OCLCOrder of fields in 040: |a |b |e |e |c |d |d
Primary tool for using/accessing text and content of RDA
Updates content and metadata: updates both major and “fast track” changes and corrections May 14 – all reworded chapters are now released/publishedRDA Toolkit Essentials – archives available on RDA Toolkit Teaching and Training page; new sessions held regularly
BIBFRAME?Linked Data/semantic web? – based on relationshipsLinked open data: http://lod-cloud.net/ - focus on upper right quadrant – lots of libraries/library related groups participatingMetadata map: http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/Tools: Handout of resources links books
Introduce yourself. Recommend including committee/task force work, general cataloging background/experience, any other teaching/workshop experience, RDA experience/involvementGroup intros: name, library, RDA experience, and: “If you could be any vegetable, what would you be and why?”