Embarking on a research journey can be an exhilarating yet daunting experience. Whether you're a student, a budding scholar, or a curious individual eager to explore new realms of knowledge, understanding the basics of research is essential. This PowerPoint presentation serves as a comprehensive guide to help demystify the research process and equip you with the foundational knowledge needed to navigate this exciting domain.
Key Topics Covered:
What is Research?
Importance of Research: Unveiling Its Significance
Types of Research: Exploring Various Methodologies
Research Design: Building the Framework for Inquiry
Data Collection Techniques: Gathering Information Effectively
Data Analysis: Making Sense of Research Findings
Ethical Considerations in Research: Upholding Integrity and Responsibility
Tips for Successful Research: Practical Insights and Strategies
Conclusion: Empowering You to Embark on Your Research Journey
2. According to Robert Ross, “research is
essentially an investigation, a
recording and an analysis of evidence
for the purpose of gaining knowledge.”
It can generally be defined as a
systematic method of finding solutions
to problems.
Business Research Defined
4. Objectives of Research
• To find out the truth which is hidden and has not
been discovered so far.
• Aims at advancing systematic knowledge and
formulating basic theories.
• To test against the complex human behaviour and
institutions.
• To understand social life
• To provide an educational program in the
accumulated knowledge of group dynamics, in skills
of research, in techniques of training leaders and in
social action.
5. Business Research
• business research as an organized,
systematic, data-based, critical,
objective, scientific inquiry or
investigation into a specific problem,
undertaken with the purpose of finding
answers or solutions to it.
6. (1) Fundamental and Applied Research
(2) Descriptive and Analytical Research
(3) Quantitative and Qualitative Research
(4) Conceptual and Empirical Research
Business Research Types
7. 1) Fundamental (or Basic) and Applied
Research
Fundamental research is mainly concerned with
generalization with the formulation of a theory.
Ex: some natural phenomenon or relating to pure
mathematics are examples of fundamental research
Applied research is concerned with the solution of
particular problems. It aims at finding a solution for
an immediate problem facing a society or an
industrial organization.
• Is telangana govt offers jobs to job seekers?
• Will GST (Goods and Service Tax) bill reduce price of
a product?
8. 2) Descriptive Research and
Analytical Research
• Descriptive research includes survey and fact
finding enquiries of different kinds. It
describes the state of affairs as it exists at
present. The descriptive research method is
basically divided into three types-
• • Observation Method
• Case Study Method
• Survey Method
9. 2) Descriptive Research and
Analytical Research
Analytical Research, the researcher has to use
facts or information already available, and
analyze them to make a critical evaluation of
the material. It involves the in-depth study
and evaluation of available information in an
attempt to explain complex phenomenon.
Analytical research is conducted in a variety
of ways including literary research, public
opinion, scientific trials
10. 3) Quantitative Research and
Qualitative Research
Quantitative research is applicable to
phenomena that are measurable so that they
can be expressed in terms of quantity.
Qualitative research is concerned with
qualitative phenomenon. Research designed
to find out how people feel or what they think
about a particular subject is a qualitative
research.
11. 4) Conceptual Research and
Empirical Research
• Conceptual research is that related to some
abstract ideas or theory. It is generally used by
Philosophers and thinkers to develop new
concepts or to interpret existing ones.
Empirical research relies on experience or
observation alone. It is data based research
coming up with conclusions capable of being
verified by observation or experiment.
12. Deduction
Deduction is the process by which we arrive at
a reasoned conclusion by logical
generalization of a known fact. For example,
we know that all high performers are highly
profi- cient in their jobs. If John is a high
performer, we then conclude that he is highly
proficient in his job.
13. Induction
Induction, on the other hand, is a process
where we observe certain phenomena and on
this basis arrive at conclusions. In other
words, in induction we logically establish a
general proposition based on observed facts.
For instance, we see that the production
processes are the prime features of factories
or manufacturing plants. We therefore
conclude that factories exist for production
purposes.
16. The building blocks of science in research
• Observation
• Identification of the problem
• Theoretical frame work or network of association
• Hypotheses
• Constructs, concepts, operational definitions
• Research design
• Data collection
• Analysis of data
• Interpretation of data
17. Language of Research
• Concepts(About particular area of research,
Main titles, sub-titles, No of chapters, etc.)
• Constructs(story narration, sentence and
paragraphs order, etc.)
• Definitions(About main topic, sub-topic,
comments of previous researchers….)
• Variables (anything that has a quantity or
quality that varies.)
18. Language of Research
• Dependent variable(a researcher is interested
in. ex: the person's ability to throw a ball.)
• independent variable (is a variable believed to
affect the dependent variable. Ex: hungry
people throwing a ball, the researcher is
controlling the food intake of the participant,
researcher has control and is manipulating.)
• Ex: Age and height
19. Language of Research
• A hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction.
It describes in concrete terms what you expect
will happen in a certain circumstance.
• Ex: is there any relationship between rain and
paddy crop?'
22. Types of Variables
1. The dependent variable (also known as the
criterion variable).
2. The independent variable (also known as the
predictor variable).
3. The moderating variable.
4. The intervening variable.
23. Types of Variables
1. The dependent variable:
The dependent variable is the variable of
primary interest to the researcher.
2. Independent Variable
An independent variable is one that influences
the dependent variable in either a positive or
negative way
24. Ex:
You are interested in “How stress affects mental
state of human beings?” Independent
variable ----- Stress Dependent variable ----
mental state of human beings You can directly
manipulate stress levels in your human
subjects and measure how those stress levels
change mental state.
25. 3. moderator variable
3. A moderator variable, commonly denoted as
just M, is a third variable that affects the
strength of the relationship between a
dependent and independent variable In
correlation
Ex: gender effectively moderate the relationship
between desire to marry and attitudes of
marriage.
26. 4.Intervening variable
4. Intervening Variable
• An intervening variable is one that surfaces between
the time the independent variables start operating to
influence the dependent variable and the time their
impact is felt on it.
• Ex: Thus this theory can be restated as a three-
variable relationship: marital status
• (independent variable) causes the degree of social
integration (intervening variable), which affects
• suicide (dependent variable).
27. Hypothesis
Definition:
Hypothesis is a mere assumption or supposition to be
proved or disproved.
An hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction
Ex: Smoking leads to cancer?
28. Types of Hypothesis
1.Null hypothesis:
The null hypothesis is a proposition that states a
definitive, exact relationship between two
variables. That is, it states that the population
correlation between two variables is equal to
zero
Ex: There is no significant relationship between
education and income.
29. Types of Hypothesis
2. Alternative hypothesis:
• The alternate hypothesis, which is the
opposite of the null, is a statement expressing
a relationship between two variables or
indicating differences between groups.
Ex: There is significant relationship between education
and income.
