The document discusses the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and Nazism in Germany under Hitler. It provides several causes for the rise of each including dissatisfaction after World War 1 treaties, economic crisis, political instability, class conflicts, the threat of socialism/communism, and the leadership and personalities of Mussolini and Hitler. The document also outlines the aims, establishment of totalitarian states, economic and military impacts of fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany.