Maqui berry is a deeply purple berry from Chile that has the highest antioxidant content of any fruit. It scores higher on the ORAC scale than acai and goji berries. The Mapuche Indians traditionally used maqui berries medicinally to treat various ailments. Laboratory research has shown that maqui berries have strong anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects due to their high concentration of antioxidants like anthocyanins.
Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. They work by donating electrons to unstable free radicals to make them stable. Common antioxidants include vitamins A, C, E, and minerals like selenium and zinc. Antioxidants may help prevent diseases like cancer and periodontal disease by neutralizing free radicals produced through inflammation and metabolism. While antioxidants have benefits, high doses of certain antioxidants like beta-carotene and vitamin A can increase health risks. Lycopene is an antioxidant found in tomatoes that may help treat oral conditions like leukoplakia and mouth sores.
This study investigated the effects of spinach extracts obtained through different extraction methods and individual phytochemicals on human colorectal cancer cells. Spinach extracts increased reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner and modulated antioxidant defenses when cells were exposed to oxidative stress, with effects varying by extraction method and oxidizing agent. Individual phytochemicals did not alter reactive oxygen species levels but modulated antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress. The phytocomplex extracts seemed to have greater protective effects than individual phytochemicals alone or in combination.
1) The study evaluated the antioxidant effects of carotenoids from the algae Dunaliella salina in vivo using rat models.
2) Rats pretreated with 125-250 μg/kg of D. salina carotenoids before being administered carbon tetrachloride showed significant protection against oxidative stress compared to controls, as measured by restored antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased lipid peroxidation.
3) Pretreatment with D. salina carotenoids provided better protection than synthetic beta-carotene, indicating D. salina is a potential source of antioxidants for health applications.
Vitamin C, glutathione, and various enzymes have radioprotective effects against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can scavenge reactive oxygen species produced by radiation and protect DNA and membranes. Glutathione is also a free radical scavenger that protects against radiation damage. Various enzymes also help scavenge free radicals produced by radiation. The presentation concludes that vitamin C, glutathione, and enzymes play an important role in mitigating the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses oxidative stress and antioxidants. It provides information on:
1. Indian Dental Academy which offers online and offline dental courses and is a leader in continuing dental education.
2. How free radicals can damage cells, proteins, lipids, DNA and cause diseases. Antioxidants help prevent this damage.
3. Various antioxidants found in foods and their roles in reducing oxidative stress and preventing diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials on antioxidants have had inconsistent results.
LYCOZEN-GT A SUPER ANTI-OXIDANT MULTIVITAMINpharmaindexing
This document discusses the formulation LYCOZEN-GT, a super antioxidant multivitamin and multimineral supplement containing lycopene, green tea extract, and grape seed extract. It provides background on oxidative stress and antioxidants, describing how free radicals damage cells and the body's antioxidant defenses. The formulation aims to provide antioxidants that protect against this damage. The document details the ingredients in LYCOZEN-GT and their roles in combating oxidative stress and related diseases.
Maqui berry is a deeply purple berry from Chile that has the highest antioxidant content of any fruit. It scores higher on the ORAC scale than acai and goji berries. The Mapuche Indians traditionally used maqui berries medicinally to treat various ailments. Laboratory research has shown that maqui berries have strong anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects due to their high concentration of antioxidants like anthocyanins.
Antioxidants help reduce oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals. They work by donating electrons to unstable free radicals to make them stable. Common antioxidants include vitamins A, C, E, and minerals like selenium and zinc. Antioxidants may help prevent diseases like cancer and periodontal disease by neutralizing free radicals produced through inflammation and metabolism. While antioxidants have benefits, high doses of certain antioxidants like beta-carotene and vitamin A can increase health risks. Lycopene is an antioxidant found in tomatoes that may help treat oral conditions like leukoplakia and mouth sores.
This study investigated the effects of spinach extracts obtained through different extraction methods and individual phytochemicals on human colorectal cancer cells. Spinach extracts increased reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner and modulated antioxidant defenses when cells were exposed to oxidative stress, with effects varying by extraction method and oxidizing agent. Individual phytochemicals did not alter reactive oxygen species levels but modulated antioxidant defenses against oxidative stress. The phytocomplex extracts seemed to have greater protective effects than individual phytochemicals alone or in combination.
1) The study evaluated the antioxidant effects of carotenoids from the algae Dunaliella salina in vivo using rat models.
2) Rats pretreated with 125-250 μg/kg of D. salina carotenoids before being administered carbon tetrachloride showed significant protection against oxidative stress compared to controls, as measured by restored antioxidant enzyme levels and decreased lipid peroxidation.
3) Pretreatment with D. salina carotenoids provided better protection than synthetic beta-carotene, indicating D. salina is a potential source of antioxidants for health applications.
Vitamin C, glutathione, and various enzymes have radioprotective effects against cellular damage caused by ionizing radiation. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can scavenge reactive oxygen species produced by radiation and protect DNA and membranes. Glutathione is also a free radical scavenger that protects against radiation damage. Various enzymes also help scavenge free radicals produced by radiation. The presentation concludes that vitamin C, glutathione, and enzymes play an important role in mitigating the effects of ionizing radiation exposure.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document discusses oxidative stress and antioxidants. It provides information on:
1. Indian Dental Academy which offers online and offline dental courses and is a leader in continuing dental education.
2. How free radicals can damage cells, proteins, lipids, DNA and cause diseases. Antioxidants help prevent this damage.
3. Various antioxidants found in foods and their roles in reducing oxidative stress and preventing diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials on antioxidants have had inconsistent results.
LYCOZEN-GT A SUPER ANTI-OXIDANT MULTIVITAMINpharmaindexing
This document discusses the formulation LYCOZEN-GT, a super antioxidant multivitamin and multimineral supplement containing lycopene, green tea extract, and grape seed extract. It provides background on oxidative stress and antioxidants, describing how free radicals damage cells and the body's antioxidant defenses. The formulation aims to provide antioxidants that protect against this damage. The document details the ingredients in LYCOZEN-GT and their roles in combating oxidative stress and related diseases.
LYCOTENFORTE CapsulesTM: The most powerful antioxidant mentains optimum healt...SriramNagarajan16
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to anoxidizing agent Oxidation
reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions.
Antioxidants terminate the chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation
reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often called as reducing agents such
as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols.
Antioxidants are widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the
prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness.
Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage, and are critical for maintaining optimum
health and wellbeing. The need for antioxidants becomes even more critical with increased exposure to free
radicals. Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness, stress, and even exercise can increase free radical exposure.
Because so many factors can contribute to oxidative stress, individual assessment of susceptibility becomes
important. Many experts believe that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for specific antioxidants
may be inadequate and, in some instances, the need may be several times the RDA. As part of a healthy lifestyle
and a well-balanced, wholesome diet, antioxidant supplementation is now being recognized as an important
means of improving free radical protection. Damage to cells caused by free radicals is believed to play a central
role in the aging process and in disease progression. The present paper Reviews the Role of LYCOTENFORTE
Capsules in maintaining optimum health and wellbeing.
Catechin : a polyphenol of health benefitsshikha489
Catechin is a type of polyphenol that is a natural antioxidant found in many plant foods like green tea, chocolate, apples, and berries. It has several potential health benefits including antioxidant effects, reducing risk of heart disease and cancer, anti-inflammatory properties, and positive effects on blood sugar control and skin pigmentation. Catechin works by scavenging harmful free radicals, inhibiting oxidation of LDL cholesterol, reducing blood pressure, and inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase which is involved in melanin production in skin cells. Green tea is a particularly rich source of the catechin known as EGCG which has been studied for its antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Preliminary Studies on Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities...IJARIIT
Pharmaceutical industries are still in the hunt of effective scavengers for free radicals from the unexplored
medicinal plants. About 80,000 species of plants are utilized for treating various diseases in different systems of Indian
medicine. Many pharmaceutical companies giving importance in plant-derived drugs mainly due to the current widespread
belief that 'Green Medicine' is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs, which have adverse side effects.
The objective of the study is isolation of Phytochemical active constituents, Antidiabetic, antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the rare Antidiabetic medicinal plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) since the selected plant has varied
medicinal properties used in Ayurveda. This valuable plant is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviate jaundice,
diabetes mellitus, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. It is also regarded as a diaphoretic, diuretic and a stimulating
expectorant.
The methanol extract of Epaltes divaricata L. showed excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for the same extract by two different standard methods and which confirmed the
presence of steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. Decreasing of postprandial hyperglycemia is a therapeutic
approach for treating diabetes mellitus. This can be achieved in current trends through the inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Agents with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity are very useful as oral anti hypoglycemic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes
mellitus. In this study the methanol extract exhibited above 50% of inhibition in all standard concentration.
This document provides an introduction to heterocyclic compounds and their importance in drug discovery and development. It discusses various classes of heterocyclic compounds including azoles, and their use in biologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals. The document also reviews natural and synthetic antioxidants, their mechanisms of action, sources, and advantages/disadvantages. A literature review section focuses on the synthesis and biological activities of pyrazoline, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
The document discusses several medicinal herbs that are commonly used in jamu formulations in Indonesia. It provides information on the parts used and main benefits of fennel, purple leaves, sitting leaves, iler, ginger, Dutch teak, Chinese teak, black seed, dandelion, kepel, cat's whiskers, turmeric, meniran, centella, hole grass, sappan wood, celery, balsam, tea, and temulawak. It also discusses regulations for jamu from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the process of scientific verification that jamu undergoes.
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant derived primarily from microalgae. It has many health benefits including reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. As a carotenoid, it has antioxidant properties much higher than other carotenoids and vitamins. It shows promise in reducing risk of heart disease, diabetes, macular degeneration and cancer. Absorption is optimized when taken with oils and bioavailability ranges from 10-20%. Recommended dosage is 2-4mg daily and it is generally well tolerated with no known toxicity.
Biorefinery as a possibility to recover aromatic compounds with biological p...Valentin Popa
The biomass can be processed by biorefining with the possibility to separate all chemical compounds among them being polyphenols which can be used as antioxidants
Antioxidant and its determination methods by Umair Yousaf Waseerwaseer one
This document discusses antioxidants, which are compounds that can delay or prevent oxidation processes caused by oxygen or reactive oxygen species. It defines key terms like oxidation and free radicals. It then outlines several techniques used to evaluate antioxidant activity, including ORAC, CUPRAC, and PFRAP assays involving spectroscopy. Natural antioxidants found in foods are discussed and compared to synthetic antioxidants. Essential oils are described as a class of volatile natural antioxidants extracted from plants. Benefits of antioxidants include reducing free radical damage and supporting immune function, while limitations include potential costs and restrictions on some applications.
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Crimson Publishers-Medicinal Herbs, Strong Source of Antioxidant in Aquacultu...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
This document summarizes the antioxidant properties of medicinal herbs and their potential applications in aquaculture. It discusses how oxidative stress can damage cells and how herbs contain antioxidants like carotenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols that can protect against this damage. Some herbs and their main antioxidants are described, including their roles in reducing lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and stimulating immune function in fish. The document concludes that medicinal herbs represent a promising resource for aquaculture as anti-stress remedies and growth promoters due to their bioactive antioxidant compounds, and that further research is needed to better understand their applications for aquatic animal health and production.
1) Acetogenins are a class of polyketide compounds found in plants of the Annonaceae family. They have linear carbon chains containing oxygenated functional groups and are often terminated with a lactone or butenolide.
2) Bullatacin and uvaricin are examples of acetogenins that were first isolated from Annonaceae plants. They are bis(tetrahydrofuranoid) fatty acid lactones.
3) Annonacin is a neurotoxic acetogenin found in soursop fruit. Consumption of high amounts of soursop has been associated with atypical forms of Parkinson's disease, due to annonacin blocking mitochondrial complex 1 and
1. Nutraceuticals are food or food components that provide health benefits for treating or preventing disease. They include vitamins, minerals, herbs, probiotics, and other dietary supplements.
2. Jamun fruit and seed extracts were shown to be effective in reducing blood glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rat models. Key phytochemicals in Jamun like anthocyanins, tannins, and alkaloids may help control diabetes.
3. A study developed a probiotic pomegranate beverage using lactic acid bacteria strains. Treatment with L. acidophilus showed highest total phenols and antioxidant activity over the storage period. The beverage provides benefits of pomegranate with enhanced probiotic
Fruits Derived Nutraceuticals: The safer alternative for pharmaceutical medic...Aisha Kolhar
1) Nutraceuticals derived from fruits can provide health benefits as alternatives to pharmaceuticals. A study found that a probiotic pomegranate beverage developed using lactic acid bacteria maintained beneficial phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity over storage.
2) Jamun fruit and seeds were found to effectively regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in animal studies, indicating their potential as a natural treatment for diabetes.
3) Strawberry extracts were shown to inhibit cell viability, induce cell cycle arrest, and reduce migration and tumor growth in animal studies, demonstrating their anti-cancer properties.
Bioactivity-guided Fractionation of Selected Botanticalsnaturessunshine
This document summarizes research on bioactivity-guided fractionation of selected botanicals, including black chokeberry, maqui berry, mangosteen, and noni. Key findings include:
- Isolates from black chokeberry and maqui berry showed potent antioxidant and quinone reductase induction activities.
- Compounds isolated from mangosteen, including xanthones, exhibited antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. α-Mangostin in particular showed aromatase inhibition.
- The presentation outlined the application of bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify potential cancer chemopreventive compounds from these botanicals.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant activity of Euphorbia cyanthop...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia cyathophora (MEEC) in rats. Rats were induced with hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. MEEC at 400 mg/kg was found to decrease elevated liver enzyme levels, restore antioxidant levels in the liver tissue, and reduce lipid peroxidation caused by acetaminophen toxicity. Histopathological analysis also supported the hepatoprotective effects of MEEC. The study demonstrates the significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of MEEC.
Polyphenols in fruits and vegetables and its effect on human healthRene Arnoux
This document summarizes research on polyphenols, which are natural antioxidants found in many fruits and vegetables. The document discusses how polyphenols may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases by eliminating free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It provides an overview of the different classes of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, and their potential health benefits. These include reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions related to oxidative stress. The document also discusses methods for determining polyphenol content in foods and the absorption of polyphenols in the intestine.
In this study, the effect of diclofenac sodium induced liver damage in rats was investigated, biochemically. Damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on living systems are well documented, they include oxidative attack on vital cell constituents. Administration of diclofenac sodium at different concentrations (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg/d) for 14 days produced severe liver injury, as demonstrated by dramatic elevation of plasma hepato specific markers like aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, diclofenac sodium administration caused oxidative stress in rats, as evidence by increased ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver of rats, along with a remarkable reduction in hepatic catalase (CAT) activity. However, simultaneous treatment with aqueous extract of dry pawpaw leaf (30%) and cocoa mistletoes (30%) significantly attenuated diclofenac sodium induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that serum marker enzymes and hepatic MDA content as well as ROS production were reduced dramatically and CAT activity content were restored remarkably when treated with the extracts, as compared to the diclofenac sodium treated rats. It is, therefore suggested that dry pawpaw leaf and cocoa mistletoes employed in this study can provide a definite protective effect against acute hepatic injury caused by diclofenac sodium in rats, which may mainly be associated with its antioxidative effect.
Key-words: Diclofenac, oxidative stress, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant, Drug-induced liver injury
Defence mechanism of antioxidant in Human BodyImad Khan
This document summarizes the antioxidant defense mechanism in the human body. It discusses what free radicals are and their main sources, as well as the antioxidant defense system that protects the body from free radical damage. The defense system includes antioxidant compounds and enzymes that act at different levels - prevention, interception, and repair - to neutralize free radicals. Some key antioxidant compounds and their roles are also described.
Health Benefits of Turnips - Turning up the Nutritional Value.pdfKitchaissance Blog
Turnips have a variety of health benefits, including the following:
protecting against cancers
anti-hypertensive (blood pressure lowering)
anti-diabetic
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
hepatoprotective (protecting the liver)
nephroprotective effects (protecting the kidney)
All of these health benefits are discussed in this presentation. Also included are links to this nutrition article and my recipes incorporating turnips so you can reap the benefits in your diet! Nothing like turnips to turn up the nutritional value in your cooking. This content is from my blog, The Kitchaissance Blog.
After completing a Master of Science in Health Communication from Boston University, I became extremely interested in researching the health benefits of certain foods, and I wanted to share my findings with the world. I also wanted to explore the creativity and joy of cooking, an art that many people have abandoned in today’s fast-paced, fast food world. Having also a background in art, I decided to call my revival of the kitchen and the art of cooking “The Kitchaissance,” like the Renaissance of the kitchen. I hope you will subscribe to receive healthy, vegetarian recipes, articles on healthy ingredients and nutrition, cookware recommendations, and more!
This document discusses antioxidants. It begins by defining antioxidants as molecules that inhibit oxidation of other molecules and protect cells from free radicals. It then discusses what free radicals are and types of antioxidants, including vitamins, minerals, enzymes, and phytochemicals. It classifies antioxidants as either fat-soluble or water-soluble and describes their roles in food and the body. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of antioxidants in preventing disease and slowing the aging process.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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Ähnlich wie PLANT BASED ANTIOXIDANT AND THEIR APPLICATION
LYCOTENFORTE CapsulesTM: The most powerful antioxidant mentains optimum healt...SriramNagarajan16
Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to anoxidizing agent Oxidation
reactions can produce free radicals. In turn, these radicals can start chain reactions.
Antioxidants terminate the chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation
reactions. They do this by being oxidized themselves, so antioxidants are often called as reducing agents such
as thiols, ascorbic acid or polyphenols.
Antioxidants are widely used as ingredients in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the
prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness.
Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage, and are critical for maintaining optimum
health and wellbeing. The need for antioxidants becomes even more critical with increased exposure to free
radicals. Pollution, cigarette smoke, drugs, illness, stress, and even exercise can increase free radical exposure.
Because so many factors can contribute to oxidative stress, individual assessment of susceptibility becomes
important. Many experts believe that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for specific antioxidants
may be inadequate and, in some instances, the need may be several times the RDA. As part of a healthy lifestyle
and a well-balanced, wholesome diet, antioxidant supplementation is now being recognized as an important
means of improving free radical protection. Damage to cells caused by free radicals is believed to play a central
role in the aging process and in disease progression. The present paper Reviews the Role of LYCOTENFORTE
Capsules in maintaining optimum health and wellbeing.
Catechin : a polyphenol of health benefitsshikha489
Catechin is a type of polyphenol that is a natural antioxidant found in many plant foods like green tea, chocolate, apples, and berries. It has several potential health benefits including antioxidant effects, reducing risk of heart disease and cancer, anti-inflammatory properties, and positive effects on blood sugar control and skin pigmentation. Catechin works by scavenging harmful free radicals, inhibiting oxidation of LDL cholesterol, reducing blood pressure, and inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase which is involved in melanin production in skin cells. Green tea is a particularly rich source of the catechin known as EGCG which has been studied for its antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Preliminary Studies on Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities...IJARIIT
Pharmaceutical industries are still in the hunt of effective scavengers for free radicals from the unexplored
medicinal plants. About 80,000 species of plants are utilized for treating various diseases in different systems of Indian
medicine. Many pharmaceutical companies giving importance in plant-derived drugs mainly due to the current widespread
belief that 'Green Medicine' is safe and more dependable than the costly synthetic drugs, which have adverse side effects.
The objective of the study is isolation of Phytochemical active constituents, Antidiabetic, antimicrobial and
antioxidant activities of the rare Antidiabetic medicinal plant Epaltes divaricata (Linn.) since the selected plant has varied
medicinal properties used in Ayurveda. This valuable plant is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine to alleviate jaundice,
diabetes mellitus, urethral discharges and acute dyspepsia. It is also regarded as a diaphoretic, diuretic and a stimulating
expectorant.
The methanol extract of Epaltes divaricata L. showed excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
Phytochemical analysis was carried out for the same extract by two different standard methods and which confirmed the
presence of steroids, triterpenoids and phenolic compounds. Decreasing of postprandial hyperglycemia is a therapeutic
approach for treating diabetes mellitus. This can be achieved in current trends through the inhibition of carbohydrate
hydrolyzing enzymes such as alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase. Agents with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory
activity are very useful as oral anti hypoglycemic agents for the control of hyperglycemia in patients who have diabetes
mellitus. In this study the methanol extract exhibited above 50% of inhibition in all standard concentration.
This document provides an introduction to heterocyclic compounds and their importance in drug discovery and development. It discusses various classes of heterocyclic compounds including azoles, and their use in biologically active molecules and pharmaceuticals. The document also reviews natural and synthetic antioxidants, their mechanisms of action, sources, and advantages/disadvantages. A literature review section focuses on the synthesis and biological activities of pyrazoline, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound.
The document discusses several medicinal herbs that are commonly used in jamu formulations in Indonesia. It provides information on the parts used and main benefits of fennel, purple leaves, sitting leaves, iler, ginger, Dutch teak, Chinese teak, black seed, dandelion, kepel, cat's whiskers, turmeric, meniran, centella, hole grass, sappan wood, celery, balsam, tea, and temulawak. It also discusses regulations for jamu from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the process of scientific verification that jamu undergoes.
Astaxanthin is a potent antioxidant derived primarily from microalgae. It has many health benefits including reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. As a carotenoid, it has antioxidant properties much higher than other carotenoids and vitamins. It shows promise in reducing risk of heart disease, diabetes, macular degeneration and cancer. Absorption is optimized when taken with oils and bioavailability ranges from 10-20%. Recommended dosage is 2-4mg daily and it is generally well tolerated with no known toxicity.
Biorefinery as a possibility to recover aromatic compounds with biological p...Valentin Popa
The biomass can be processed by biorefining with the possibility to separate all chemical compounds among them being polyphenols which can be used as antioxidants
Antioxidant and its determination methods by Umair Yousaf Waseerwaseer one
This document discusses antioxidants, which are compounds that can delay or prevent oxidation processes caused by oxygen or reactive oxygen species. It defines key terms like oxidation and free radicals. It then outlines several techniques used to evaluate antioxidant activity, including ORAC, CUPRAC, and PFRAP assays involving spectroscopy. Natural antioxidants found in foods are discussed and compared to synthetic antioxidants. Essential oils are described as a class of volatile natural antioxidants extracted from plants. Benefits of antioxidants include reducing free radical damage and supporting immune function, while limitations include potential costs and restrictions on some applications.
Antioxidants /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Crimson Publishers-Medicinal Herbs, Strong Source of Antioxidant in Aquacultu...CrimsonPublishersMAPP
This document summarizes the antioxidant properties of medicinal herbs and their potential applications in aquaculture. It discusses how oxidative stress can damage cells and how herbs contain antioxidants like carotenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols that can protect against this damage. Some herbs and their main antioxidants are described, including their roles in reducing lipid peroxidation, scavenging free radicals, and stimulating immune function in fish. The document concludes that medicinal herbs represent a promising resource for aquaculture as anti-stress remedies and growth promoters due to their bioactive antioxidant compounds, and that further research is needed to better understand their applications for aquatic animal health and production.
1) Acetogenins are a class of polyketide compounds found in plants of the Annonaceae family. They have linear carbon chains containing oxygenated functional groups and are often terminated with a lactone or butenolide.
2) Bullatacin and uvaricin are examples of acetogenins that were first isolated from Annonaceae plants. They are bis(tetrahydrofuranoid) fatty acid lactones.
3) Annonacin is a neurotoxic acetogenin found in soursop fruit. Consumption of high amounts of soursop has been associated with atypical forms of Parkinson's disease, due to annonacin blocking mitochondrial complex 1 and
1. Nutraceuticals are food or food components that provide health benefits for treating or preventing disease. They include vitamins, minerals, herbs, probiotics, and other dietary supplements.
2. Jamun fruit and seed extracts were shown to be effective in reducing blood glucose and insulin levels in diabetic rat models. Key phytochemicals in Jamun like anthocyanins, tannins, and alkaloids may help control diabetes.
3. A study developed a probiotic pomegranate beverage using lactic acid bacteria strains. Treatment with L. acidophilus showed highest total phenols and antioxidant activity over the storage period. The beverage provides benefits of pomegranate with enhanced probiotic
Fruits Derived Nutraceuticals: The safer alternative for pharmaceutical medic...Aisha Kolhar
1) Nutraceuticals derived from fruits can provide health benefits as alternatives to pharmaceuticals. A study found that a probiotic pomegranate beverage developed using lactic acid bacteria maintained beneficial phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity over storage.
2) Jamun fruit and seeds were found to effectively regulate blood glucose and insulin levels in animal studies, indicating their potential as a natural treatment for diabetes.
3) Strawberry extracts were shown to inhibit cell viability, induce cell cycle arrest, and reduce migration and tumor growth in animal studies, demonstrating their anti-cancer properties.
Bioactivity-guided Fractionation of Selected Botanticalsnaturessunshine
This document summarizes research on bioactivity-guided fractionation of selected botanicals, including black chokeberry, maqui berry, mangosteen, and noni. Key findings include:
- Isolates from black chokeberry and maqui berry showed potent antioxidant and quinone reductase induction activities.
- Compounds isolated from mangosteen, including xanthones, exhibited antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. α-Mangostin in particular showed aromatase inhibition.
- The presentation outlined the application of bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify potential cancer chemopreventive compounds from these botanicals.
Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant activity of Euphorbia cyanthop...pharmaindexing
This document describes a study that evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract of Euphorbia cyathophora (MEEC) in rats. Rats were induced with hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. MEEC at 400 mg/kg was found to decrease elevated liver enzyme levels, restore antioxidant levels in the liver tissue, and reduce lipid peroxidation caused by acetaminophen toxicity. Histopathological analysis also supported the hepatoprotective effects of MEEC. The study demonstrates the significant hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of MEEC.
Polyphenols in fruits and vegetables and its effect on human healthRene Arnoux
This document summarizes research on polyphenols, which are natural antioxidants found in many fruits and vegetables. The document discusses how polyphenols may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases by eliminating free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It provides an overview of the different classes of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, and their potential health benefits. These include reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other conditions related to oxidative stress. The document also discusses methods for determining polyphenol content in foods and the absorption of polyphenols in the intestine.
In this study, the effect of diclofenac sodium induced liver damage in rats was investigated, biochemically. Damaging effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on living systems are well documented, they include oxidative attack on vital cell constituents. Administration of diclofenac sodium at different concentrations (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg/d) for 14 days produced severe liver injury, as demonstrated by dramatic elevation of plasma hepato specific markers like aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, diclofenac sodium administration caused oxidative stress in rats, as evidence by increased ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver of rats, along with a remarkable reduction in hepatic catalase (CAT) activity. However, simultaneous treatment with aqueous extract of dry pawpaw leaf (30%) and cocoa mistletoes (30%) significantly attenuated diclofenac sodium induced hepatotoxicity. The results showed that serum marker enzymes and hepatic MDA content as well as ROS production were reduced dramatically and CAT activity content were restored remarkably when treated with the extracts, as compared to the diclofenac sodium treated rats. It is, therefore suggested that dry pawpaw leaf and cocoa mistletoes employed in this study can provide a definite protective effect against acute hepatic injury caused by diclofenac sodium in rats, which may mainly be associated with its antioxidative effect.
Key-words: Diclofenac, oxidative stress, Hepatotoxicity, Antioxidant, Drug-induced liver injury
Defence mechanism of antioxidant in Human BodyImad Khan
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Turnips have a variety of health benefits, including the following:
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All of these health benefits are discussed in this presentation. Also included are links to this nutrition article and my recipes incorporating turnips so you can reap the benefits in your diet! Nothing like turnips to turn up the nutritional value in your cooking. This content is from my blog, The Kitchaissance Blog.
After completing a Master of Science in Health Communication from Boston University, I became extremely interested in researching the health benefits of certain foods, and I wanted to share my findings with the world. I also wanted to explore the creativity and joy of cooking, an art that many people have abandoned in today’s fast-paced, fast food world. Having also a background in art, I decided to call my revival of the kitchen and the art of cooking “The Kitchaissance,” like the Renaissance of the kitchen. I hope you will subscribe to receive healthy, vegetarian recipes, articles on healthy ingredients and nutrition, cookware recommendations, and more!
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
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3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
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1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
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PLANT BASED ANTIOXIDANT AND THEIR APPLICATION
1. Presented by-
Rupam Mahish
Department- Master of Pharmacy in Pharmaceutics
Institution- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal
PLANT BASED ANTIOXIDANTS
2. CONTNENTS
❑ ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PLANT
❑ CLASSIFICTION
❑ GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
❑ CLINICAL TRIALS FOR ANTOXIDANT PROPERTIES
❑ ANALYTICAL METHODS OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES
❑ CONCLUSION
❑ BIBLIOGRAPHY
3. INTRODUCTION
What are the plant based antioxidants?
- Natural antioxidants from plant materials
are mainly polyphenols (phenolic acids,
flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignans and
stilbenes), carotenoids (xanthophylls and
carotenes) and vitamins (vitamin E and C).
What are the Antioxidants?
- Theses compounds are reducing agents
which inhibit the oxidation process
under the influence of atmospheric
oxygen or reactive oxygen species and
reducing free radicals.
Fig 1: A Diagram:Antioxidants reduce free radicals
4. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF PLANT
To survive, plants have to combat various environmental stressors such as sunlight, air pollution,
and pathogens. So that they have developed the capacity to produce antioxidant molecules.
These molecules showcase some properties:
Phytochemicals
• Plants produce a wide
range of phytochemicals,
which are natural
chemical compounds that
contribute to their defense
mechanisms.
• Many phytochemicals have
antioxidant properties such as
flavonoids, carotenoids, and
phenolic compounds. .
Scavenging Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS)
• These molecules are free
radicals like superoxide
anions and hydroxyl
radicals, are produced as
byproducts of normal
metabolic processes in
plants which cause cell
damage and oxidative
stress.
• Antioxidants can neutralize
ROS and prevent or reduce
oxidative damage.
Non-enzymatic
Antioxidants
• Non-enzymatic antioxidants
that directly scavenge ROS.
• These include vitamin C,
vitamin E, glutathione donate
electrons or hydrogen atoms
to stabilize and neutralize free
radicals, preventing them
from damaging cellular
components.
5. OXIDATIVE STRESS
Fig 2:Overview of different process under plant stress.
❑ Excessive accumulation of Reactive
Oxygen Species(ROS) can cause damage to
cellular components.
❑ These cellular components such as proteins,
lipids, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress.
❑ This stress can be triggered by various
environmental factors such as high light
intensity, drought, temperature extremes,
pollutants, and pathogen attacks.
❑ To counteract oxidative stress, plants have
evolved an antioxidant defense system .
❑ Enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic ,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), and peroxidases, work together to
convert harmful ROS into less reactive molecules.
❑ Excessive accumulation of Reactive
Oxygen Species(ROS) can cause damage to
cellular components.
❑ These cellular components such as proteins,
lipids, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress.
❑ This stress can be triggered by various
environmental factors such as high light
intensity, drought, temperature extremes,
pollutants, and pathogen attacks.
❑ To counteract oxidative stress, plants have
evolved an antioxidant defense system .
❑ Enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic ,
such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),
catalase (CAT), and peroxidases, work together to
convert harmful ROS into less reactive molecules.
7. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS
HAVING HIGH LEVEL OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Mediterranean Region Plants:
❖ Olives- contain phenolic compounds like hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein which avoid the
development of degenerative diseases.
❖ Grapes- contain polyphenols like resveratrol, which have antioxidant effects and may
help protect against heart disease.
❖ Tomatoes- contain lycopene which educing the risk of certain cancers and promoting
heart health.
❖ Citrus fruits- present sources of vitamin C helps neutralize free radicals and supports the
immune system.
Fig3: Olive Fruits Fig4: Grape fruits Fig5- Tomatoes Fig6- Citrus Fruits
8. Tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin region Plants:
❖ Acai berries- contain anthocyanins and flavonoids, which can help combat oxidative stress and promote
overall health.
❖ Cacao- rich in flavonoids, particularly catechins and procyanidins which have beneficial effects on
cardiovascular health.
❖ Goji berries- contain zeaxanthin, lutein, and polysaccharides which can help protect against cellular damage
caused by free radicals.
North America Region:
❖ Blueberries-loaded with flavonoids
like anthocyanins, which associated
with various health benefits, including
improved brain function and reduced
oxidative stress.
❖ Cranberries- rich in
proanthocyanidins which may help
prevent urinary tract infections and
reduce the risk of certain diseases.
Contd.
(b)
(a)
Fig7- Acai berries (a) & (b) Fig8- Cacao Fruits Fig9-Goji berries Fruits
Fig10- Blue berries Fruits Fig11- Cranberries Fruits
9. Sub Saharan Africa:
Baobab fruits- rich in vitamin C, polyphenols,
and flavonoids, which help neutralize free
radicals and support immune function.
African mangoes- contains antioxidants like
vitamin C, polyphenols, and flavonoids, which
contribute to its potential health benefits,
including reducing oxidative stress.
Fig12- Ginger
Fig13- Cinnamon
Fig14- Turneric
Fig15- Baobab Fruits Fig16- African Mangoes
Contd.
10. ANTIOXIDANT-RICH PLANTS UNDERGOING CLINICAL TRIALS
Plant species
(family)
Part of the
plant/compound/
concentration
Main outcomes of the
intervention
Type of study
Achillea millefolium
L.
(Asteraceae)
16 chronic kidney disease
patients received 1.5g of
powdered A. millefolium
flower 3 days a week for 2
months
The plasma metabolites nitrite (0.82 μM/L to
0.63 μM/L) and nitrate (50.55 μM/L to 44.09
μM/L) decreased marginally after the
administration of A. millefolium. These
concentrations were increased in the placebo
group
Randomized
controlled trial (Vahid,
Dashti-Khavidaki,
Ahmadi,
Amini, & Salehi
Surmaghi, 2012)
A. sativum Participants were randomly
assigned to receive either
one garlic tablet (equal to
400 mg
garlic and 1 mg allicin) (n =
22) once daily for 9 weeks
Garlic consumption among pregnant women at
risk of preeclampsia led to decreased
serum hs-CRP levels (garlic: 1,425.90 and
placebo: 1,360.50 ng/ml). Increases in plasma
glutathione (GSH) were also observed (garlic:
98.1 and placebo: 49.87 μM/L)
Randomized, double-
blind, placebo
controlled trial
(Aalami-
Harandi, Karamali, &
Asemi, 2015)
Aloe barbadensis
miller
(Xanthorrhoeaceae
The daily dosage of the
supplement Product (80
ml), A. barbadensis gel
(USA/Mexico 36%),
administered for 8 weeks
In 62 healthy but overweight volunteers with
average adherence to the Mediterranean
diet, consumption of A. barbadensis-based
supplements reduces DNA/RNA oxidation
(30%) and lipid peroxidation (carbonyl protein
levels—20%) in comparison to placebo
Double-blind and
placebocontrolled
intervention
(NCT02837107)
(Fragopoulou
et al., 2018)
Table 1- Overview of the investigated plants and the clinical trials main outcomes and methodologies published in
MEDLINE/PubMed
11. CLASSIFICATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD TO
EVALUATE THE INTEGRATED ANTIOXIDANT
PROPERTIES
HAT Mechanism- Hydrogen Atom Transfer based Mechanism
ET Mechanism – Electron Transfer based Mechanism
12. CONCLUSION
➢ Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods into our diets
can support overall well-being and help protect
against oxidative stress-related diseases.
➢ Research is on to explore new sources of
antioxidants and understand they can be exploited
for betterment of health.
13. BIBLIOGRAPHY
▪ Hur SJ, Lee SY, Kim YC, Choi I, Kim GB. Effect of fermentation on the
antioxidant activity in plant-based foods. Food chemistry. 2014 Oct 1;160:346-
56.
▪ Abeyrathne ED, Nam K, Huang X, Ahn DU. Plant-and animal-based
antioxidants’ structure, efficacy, mechanisms, and applications: A review.
Antioxidants. 2022 May 23;11(5):1025.
▪ Marmitt DJ, Bitencourt S, da Silva GR, Rempel C, Goettert MI. Traditional
plants with antioxidant properties in clinical trials—A systematic review.
Phytotherapy Research. 2021 Oct;35(10):5647-67.
▪ Ivanova A, Gerasimova E, Gazizullina E. Study of antioxidant properties of
agents from the perspective of their action mechanisms. Molecules. 2020 Sep
16;25(18):4251.