This document provides an overview of three citation styles: APA, MLA, and Chicago/Turabian. It discusses the origins, uses, and general formatting guidelines for in-text citations and reference list entries for books, journal articles, websites, and newspapers in each style. Examples of citations in each style are provided. The three styles differ in their emphasis on author name vs. year of publication and use of footnotes, parenthetical citations, or bibliography pages.

1.  The APA Style.
 The MLA Style.
 The Chicago Style.
Understanding Different Citation Formats

2. APA style. (American Psychological Association)
First Publication -1923. Seventh Edition- Oct2019
Primarily Used For Behavioural Sciences & Social Sciences.
Emphasis on year in which work published.
According To 7th Edition- Location Of Publisher Is Made
Non-Obligatory.
Ways of In-text Citation- Grover & Sule (2012)
(Grover & Sule, 2012).

3. Examples of APA Style.
Refrence
Type
Template Example
Journal
Article
Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title Of
Article. Journal Title, Volume(issue), Page
Range.
Sarkar, O., & Singh, J.(2009). The Study Of
Himalayan Floras. Indian Journal Of Historical
Research,4(1),32-37
Book Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title Of
Book. Publisher.
Roy, R., & Singh, B.(2011). Indian Society.
National Book Trust
Webpage Author. (Year). Title Of Page. Url Gohin. M.P. (2020). Story Of 90 To 100%.
Https://Timesofindia.Indiatimes.Com/India/Cbses
-8-year-journey-from-99-to-
100/Articleshow/76963787.Cms
Newspaper Author. (Year, Month Date Published).
Article Title. Newspaper Title, Pp.
Page(s).
Kulkarni, S. (1990, March 7). Surrenders For
Poverty. Times Of India , P. A4.

4. MLA Style ( Modern Language Association)
 First Publication-1977 By Modern Language Association Of
America. Eighth Edition-2016
 Preferably Used In Humanities, Literature & Cultural Studies.
 Emphasis On The Authors Name & Page.
 Way Of Citation- (Authors Last Name And Page Number) (Kim
98)

5. Examples of MLA Style.
Reference Type Template Example
Journal Article Author. “Title”. Name Of Journal
(Italic),
Vol, Issue, Year, Page Range.
Sen, Rajmohan. "The 'Cult Of Poetry' In Contemporary
India”. Journal Of Asian Studies, Vol. 55, No. 1, 1996, Pp.
51-80
Newspaper Author. “Title”. Newspaper (Italic),
Date, Page
Bhaumik, Manusi. "Prolific Writer Was Inspired By
Landscape". The Deccan Herald, 17 Jun. 2010, P. 24.
Book Author . “Title”. Publisher,Year sharma, Jatin. “The Pain Of Confinement: Prison Diaries”.
Springer, 1999.
Webpage Author. “Title”. Date. URL Gohin. M.P. “Story Of 90 To 100%”.15 Jan. 2019,
Https://Timesofindia.Indiatimes.Com/India/Cbses-8-year-
journey-from-99-to-100/Articleshow/76963787.Cms

6. CMS (The Chicago Manual Style)
 University Of Chicago- Footnote Style
 First Edition-1906, 17th Edition- 2017.
 Especially Popular In Historical Research.
 It Allows The Mixing From Other Schools.
 Ways Of Citation-
Author-date Style (Smith 2010) Or (Smith 2010, 44)
Notes-bibliography
Style
Either At The Bottom Of The Page Or
At The End Of The Text.

7. Chicago Footnotes and Bibliography
Footnote or endnote format
Author first name last name, Title of Book (Place of
publication: publisher, year), page number(s).
Footnote Example
Albert Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity (Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1923), 44–45.
Bibliography format
Author last name, first name. Title of Book. Place of
publication: publisher, year.
Bibliography example
Einstein, Albert. The Meaning of Relativity. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1923.
Chicago Author-date
In-text Citation Format (Author Last Name Year, Page Number(s))
In-text Citation Example (Einstein 1923, 44–45)
Reference List Format
Author Last Name, First Name. Year. Title Of Book. Place Of
Publication: Publisher.
Reference List Example
Einstein, Albert. 1923. The Meaning Of Relativity. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
WAYS OF
BOOK
CITATION

8. Full note format
Author First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Journal Name Volume,
No. Issue (Year): Page Number(s).
Oak Subhash, “Well Founding Of Social Values,”
Journal Of Philosophical Logic 45, No. 4 (August 2016): 35.
Short note format
Author Last Name, “Shortened Article Title“, Page Number(s).
Oak, “ Well Founding Social Values”,35
Bibliography format
Author Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Name Volume,
No. Issue (Month Year): Page Range.
Subhash Oak, “Well Founding Of Social Values,”
Journal Of Philosophical Logic 45, No. 4 (August 2016):28-42.
Journal
Article
Citation

9. 1. Author First Name Last Name, “Headline/Article
Title,” Publication Name, date.
2. Author Last Name, “Shortened Headline/Article Title.
Author Last Name, First Name. “Headline/Article
Title.” Publication Name, date, edition.
Footnote or endnote format
Bibliography format
Newspaper
Citation

10. Comparative examples of different methods
APA Roy, R. (2011). Indian Society. National Book Trust.
MLA Roy, R. “Indian Society”. National Book Trust, 2011
CMS Roy, R. 2011. Indian Society. New Delhi : National Book Trust.

11. Thanking You For Your Attention.