Qualitative research is a process of naturalistic inquiry that seeks an in-depth understanding of social phenomena within their natural setting. It focuses on the "why" rather than the "what" of social phenomena and relies on the direct experiences of human beings as meaning-making agents in their every day lives.
the data is not measurable
it is mainly works with human behaviour, cultural belief, attitute , lived experiences
This document provides an overview of historical research methodology, including its meaning, definitions, nature, significance, steps, and sources of information. Historical research is defined as a process of inquiry into past events to gain perspective on how history has influenced the present. It involves investigating, recording, analyzing, and interpreting past events using primary and secondary sources. The researcher must identify a topic, formulate hypotheses, systematically collect and critically evaluate evidence from various sources, and interpret the data by developing a narrative account. Historical research aims to understand how the past has shaped current conditions and can help address present issues.
This document outlines the key aspects of a historical research design. It begins by defining historical research as the systematic collection and evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes, effects, or trends of past events. It then discusses the characteristics of historical research, including careful study of past data, critical analysis, and understanding the impact of the past. The document also covers the purposes and applications of historical research design, such as learning from the past, understanding present practices, and testing hypotheses. It explains that historical research relies on primary and secondary sources. Finally, it identifies important mindsets for historical researchers, like respect for evidence and a passion for history.
Definition of Historical Research
View on Values of H. Research
Questions Pursued in H. Research
Characteristics of H. Research
Steps in Conducting H. Research
Strengths and Limitations of H. Research
Sample Study
Historical Research is the systematic and objective evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events.
Research Methodology by Dr. Jatinder Kumar.pdfssusercf9767
This document discusses various types of research including quantitative research, qualitative research, scientific research, historical research, descriptive research, survey research, case study research, experimental research, and literature reviews. It provides definitions and examples of each type of research. The key aspects covered include how quantitative research aims to quantify variables through structured data collection, while qualitative research is exploratory in nature. It also discusses the importance of reviewing relevant literature as an integral part of the research process.
Study designs 2.pptx community health nursing 2akoeljames8543
This document discusses various study designs used in research. It defines key terms like case studies, phenomenological studies, action research, and historical studies. It explains that choice of study design depends on research questions, goals, beliefs, skills, time and funds. Study designs can be qualitative or quantitative, with quantitative divided into observational (basic, hybrid, incomplete) and experimental designs. Observational designs include preliminary, basic, hybrid and quasi-experimental. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative research.
qualitative research design bsc nursing .pdfdreamerguru07
Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge through the involvement of the researcher. It aims to understand phenomena through meanings and experiences rather than quantification. Common qualitative designs include phenomenology to understand life experiences, grounded theory to develop social processes, ethnography to describe cultures, and historical research using primary sources. Qualitative data comes from various sources like interviews, observations, documents and recordings.
This document discusses historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and evaluation of data to understand and describe past events without manipulation. The purpose is to learn from history in order to improve present and future situations. Historical research involves defining a problem, gathering primary and secondary sources, evaluating the sources through external and internal criticism, and presenting and interpreting the information found. It is important for understanding how education developed but has limitations due to lack of control compared to other research methods.
This document provides an overview of historical research methodology, including its meaning, definitions, nature, significance, steps, and sources of information. Historical research is defined as a process of inquiry into past events to gain perspective on how history has influenced the present. It involves investigating, recording, analyzing, and interpreting past events using primary and secondary sources. The researcher must identify a topic, formulate hypotheses, systematically collect and critically evaluate evidence from various sources, and interpret the data by developing a narrative account. Historical research aims to understand how the past has shaped current conditions and can help address present issues.
This document outlines the key aspects of a historical research design. It begins by defining historical research as the systematic collection and evaluation of past data to answer questions about causes, effects, or trends of past events. It then discusses the characteristics of historical research, including careful study of past data, critical analysis, and understanding the impact of the past. The document also covers the purposes and applications of historical research design, such as learning from the past, understanding present practices, and testing hypotheses. It explains that historical research relies on primary and secondary sources. Finally, it identifies important mindsets for historical researchers, like respect for evidence and a passion for history.
Definition of Historical Research
View on Values of H. Research
Questions Pursued in H. Research
Characteristics of H. Research
Steps in Conducting H. Research
Strengths and Limitations of H. Research
Sample Study
Historical Research is the systematic and objective evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events.
Research Methodology by Dr. Jatinder Kumar.pdfssusercf9767
This document discusses various types of research including quantitative research, qualitative research, scientific research, historical research, descriptive research, survey research, case study research, experimental research, and literature reviews. It provides definitions and examples of each type of research. The key aspects covered include how quantitative research aims to quantify variables through structured data collection, while qualitative research is exploratory in nature. It also discusses the importance of reviewing relevant literature as an integral part of the research process.
Study designs 2.pptx community health nursing 2akoeljames8543
This document discusses various study designs used in research. It defines key terms like case studies, phenomenological studies, action research, and historical studies. It explains that choice of study design depends on research questions, goals, beliefs, skills, time and funds. Study designs can be qualitative or quantitative, with quantitative divided into observational (basic, hybrid, incomplete) and experimental designs. Observational designs include preliminary, basic, hybrid and quasi-experimental. The document also discusses advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative research.
qualitative research design bsc nursing .pdfdreamerguru07
Qualitative research is an inductive approach used to discover or expand knowledge through the involvement of the researcher. It aims to understand phenomena through meanings and experiences rather than quantification. Common qualitative designs include phenomenology to understand life experiences, grounded theory to develop social processes, ethnography to describe cultures, and historical research using primary sources. Qualitative data comes from various sources like interviews, observations, documents and recordings.
This document discusses historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection and evaluation of data to understand and describe past events without manipulation. The purpose is to learn from history in order to improve present and future situations. Historical research involves defining a problem, gathering primary and secondary sources, evaluating the sources through external and internal criticism, and presenting and interpreting the information found. It is important for understanding how education developed but has limitations due to lack of control compared to other research methods.
Historical research involves carefully studying and analyzing past events and data to better understand how the past impacts the present. It relies on primary sources like documents, artifacts, and oral histories, as well as secondary sources. The research process involves collecting data, critically analyzing its authenticity and reliability, and then synthesizing the validated information to establish facts and test hypotheses. Some areas of historical study include specific time periods, geographical locations, and topics like military history. A variety of methods and tools are used, such as corroborating evidence, photography, revisionism, change logs, and examining human and social evolution.
Historical research involves systematically collecting and evaluating data to describe and explain past events in order to understand them. It aims to learn from history to apply lessons to present problems and make predictions. Historical research uses primary sources like eyewitness accounts and objects from the past as well as secondary sources. The research process includes formulating a problem, gathering and criticizing sources, analyzing data through methods like coding, and interpreting findings. While historical research provides insights into the past, it also has limitations like potential for bias and an incomplete view.
This document discusses life history as a qualitative research method. It explains that life history involves collecting personal narratives from individuals to understand their experiences. Key elements include a researcher who conducts interviews, an informant who shares information, and tools like interview guides and historical records. Life histories can be analyzed statistically, through computer software, by developing typologies, and through various forms of thematic analysis. The method has advantages like providing an in-depth understanding of a person's social and economic experiences, but also disadvantages such as difficulty generalizing findings and aggregating data due to typically small sample sizes.
Historical methods of research involve systematically examining accounts of past events through primary and secondary sources to develop an interpretation. There are several key steps, including identifying a topic, conducting background research, analyzing sources through external and internal criticism, and developing a narrative. While it cannot control variables like other methods, historical research helps understand contemporary issues, illuminate cultural interactions, and reevaluate existing theories about the past.
Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research
This document outlines the key aspects of historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection of data to describe, explain and understand past events without manipulation of variables. The purposes of historical research include learning from past successes and failures, seeing if past approaches could apply to current problems, assisting in prediction, and testing hypotheses. The steps involve defining the problem, locating relevant historical sources like documents and oral statements, summarizing and evaluating these sources, and presenting interpretations of the information. Primary sources are created by direct witnesses, while secondary sources describe events through others. Historical research allows investigating unique topics but comes with difficulties controlling for threats to validity.
The document provides information on ethnography and historical research methods. It discusses key aspects of ethnography including conducting research in natural contexts, intensive observation and interviews, thick description, and interpreting meanings and functions of human actions. It also outlines steps in historical research such as defining the problem, locating relevant primary and secondary sources, summarizing information from sources, and evaluating sources. Examples of ethnography and historical studies in education are also provided.
This document discusses research methodology, specifically qualitative and quantitative approaches, classification of research methods, and descriptive research. It provides details on the key characteristics and processes involved in different types of research approaches. Qualitative research focuses on collecting narrative data through methods like coding, while quantitative research collects numerical data for statistical analysis. Descriptive research aims to describe present conditions, practices, or trends through large-scale surveys and studies. Historical research examines past experiences and sources to help understand current problems. The document outlines the common steps and considerations for conducting different types of research studies.
The document discusses methods for analyzing material culture, documents, and quantitative data in historical research. It makes the following key points:
1) Historians must immerse themselves in primary and secondary sources to gain thorough context before formulating research questions. Questions should be open-ended and testable.
2) Researchers must authenticate sources by establishing their origins and credibility. Primary sources like records and relics require examining motivations and contexts.
3) Both traditional documentary analysis of sources and quantitative content analysis are useful, with the latter adding rigor. Historians interpret sources in their original contexts to draw defensible inferences.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A relic is any object whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. Examples of relics include furniture, clothing, buildings, monuments, or equipment.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched in order to gain their trust and willingness to participate openly and honestly. This helps the researcher obtain accurate perspectives and behaviors from participants.
3. In the technique of triangulation, the researcher collects data using multiple sources rather than a single one. This includes using multiple methods like interviews, observations, and artifacts, as well as getting information from multiple informants.
4. The researcher is immersed in the
Etnography and Historical research(RM EDU702)Min Besh
The document provides information on ethnography and historical research methods. It discusses key aspects of ethnography including conducting research in natural contexts, observing and interviewing participants, and collecting qualitative data through fieldwork. It also outlines steps in historical research such as defining the problem, locating sources, summarizing information, and evaluating sources. Some challenges of these methods include the time-intensive nature of ethnography and limitations of historical research in controlling for threats to validity.
The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Based on our experiences of conducting several health-related case studies, we reflect on the different types of case study design, the specific research questions this approach can help answer, the data sources that tend to be used, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of employing this methodological approach.
The document discusses different types of research designs including historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study designs. It provides definitions and explanations of each design. Historical design focuses on examining past events. Descriptive design describes present conditions, situations, or phenomena. Experimental design tests the effects of manipulating variables through controlled experiments. Case study design involves an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or situation over time. The document also discusses key aspects of each design such as methods, procedures, advantages, limitations, and examples.
The document discusses research methodology. It defines research and describes its key characteristics as being undertaken within a philosophical framework, using reliable and valid procedures and methods, and aiming for objectivity. The document also discusses different types of research including theoretical vs applied research, experimental research, historical research, action research, ethnography research, case study research, and correlation research. It provides details on the processes, purposes, and features of each type of research methodology.
Qualitative analysis of data. STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONSselvaraj227
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSISPRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSISSTRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONS
This document provides an overview of historical research as a methodology for qualitative research. It defines historical research as a process of inquiry into past events to gain an accurate understanding of those events and their influence. The document outlines the meaning, nature, significance and steps of historical research, including developing a topic, gathering primary and secondary sources, and analyzing sources through external and internal criticism. Primary sources provide first-hand accounts while secondary sources interpret primary sources. Historical research allows researchers to better understand how the past has shaped the present.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It begins by defining qualitative research as an interdisciplinary field that takes a naturalistic and interpretative approach to understanding human experiences. It discusses some key characteristics, such as using multiple methods to understand subjects in their natural settings. The document then contrasts qualitative with quantitative research and covers paradigms like positivism and non-positivism. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research, common data collection techniques, approaches to analysis, and frequently asked questions.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods. It discusses various qualitative research designs including case studies, comparative studies, retrospective studies, and longitudinal qualitative studies. It also covers qualitative research sampling techniques like theoretical sampling and purposive sampling. Common qualitative study designs such as ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and participatory action research are defined. The document also discusses principles of qualitative research including saturation, appropriateness of the approach, and fitting the approach into the research process.
Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition where bilirubin is increases in body.
Etiology
Bilirubin production
Defective uptake of bilirubin
Pathology and bilirubin metabolism
Heme oxygenase bilirubin reductase
MRP 2
Ligandin
Beta glucoronide
Coomb test
Nursing management
G6pd deficiency
Phototherapy
Exchange transfusion
Hexaco personality and performance intelligence testpoonambiswas4
Hexaco personality inventory is developed in 2000 by Lee
It is mainly 5 point rating scale
Honesty humilty
Emotionality
Extrovert
Agreeableness
Conscientious
Openness to learn
Performance intelligence test
Digit symbol
Picture completion test
Block design
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Ähnlich wie QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHOD & it's types
Historical research involves carefully studying and analyzing past events and data to better understand how the past impacts the present. It relies on primary sources like documents, artifacts, and oral histories, as well as secondary sources. The research process involves collecting data, critically analyzing its authenticity and reliability, and then synthesizing the validated information to establish facts and test hypotheses. Some areas of historical study include specific time periods, geographical locations, and topics like military history. A variety of methods and tools are used, such as corroborating evidence, photography, revisionism, change logs, and examining human and social evolution.
Historical research involves systematically collecting and evaluating data to describe and explain past events in order to understand them. It aims to learn from history to apply lessons to present problems and make predictions. Historical research uses primary sources like eyewitness accounts and objects from the past as well as secondary sources. The research process includes formulating a problem, gathering and criticizing sources, analyzing data through methods like coding, and interpreting findings. While historical research provides insights into the past, it also has limitations like potential for bias and an incomplete view.
This document discusses life history as a qualitative research method. It explains that life history involves collecting personal narratives from individuals to understand their experiences. Key elements include a researcher who conducts interviews, an informant who shares information, and tools like interview guides and historical records. Life histories can be analyzed statistically, through computer software, by developing typologies, and through various forms of thematic analysis. The method has advantages like providing an in-depth understanding of a person's social and economic experiences, but also disadvantages such as difficulty generalizing findings and aggregating data due to typically small sample sizes.
Historical methods of research involve systematically examining accounts of past events through primary and secondary sources to develop an interpretation. There are several key steps, including identifying a topic, conducting background research, analyzing sources through external and internal criticism, and developing a narrative. While it cannot control variables like other methods, historical research helps understand contemporary issues, illuminate cultural interactions, and reevaluate existing theories about the past.
Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research Historical research
This document outlines the key aspects of historical research. It defines historical research as the systematic collection of data to describe, explain and understand past events without manipulation of variables. The purposes of historical research include learning from past successes and failures, seeing if past approaches could apply to current problems, assisting in prediction, and testing hypotheses. The steps involve defining the problem, locating relevant historical sources like documents and oral statements, summarizing and evaluating these sources, and presenting interpretations of the information. Primary sources are created by direct witnesses, while secondary sources describe events through others. Historical research allows investigating unique topics but comes with difficulties controlling for threats to validity.
The document provides information on ethnography and historical research methods. It discusses key aspects of ethnography including conducting research in natural contexts, intensive observation and interviews, thick description, and interpreting meanings and functions of human actions. It also outlines steps in historical research such as defining the problem, locating relevant primary and secondary sources, summarizing information from sources, and evaluating sources. Examples of ethnography and historical studies in education are also provided.
This document discusses research methodology, specifically qualitative and quantitative approaches, classification of research methods, and descriptive research. It provides details on the key characteristics and processes involved in different types of research approaches. Qualitative research focuses on collecting narrative data through methods like coding, while quantitative research collects numerical data for statistical analysis. Descriptive research aims to describe present conditions, practices, or trends through large-scale surveys and studies. Historical research examines past experiences and sources to help understand current problems. The document outlines the common steps and considerations for conducting different types of research studies.
The document discusses methods for analyzing material culture, documents, and quantitative data in historical research. It makes the following key points:
1) Historians must immerse themselves in primary and secondary sources to gain thorough context before formulating research questions. Questions should be open-ended and testable.
2) Researchers must authenticate sources by establishing their origins and credibility. Primary sources like records and relics require examining motivations and contexts.
3) Both traditional documentary analysis of sources and quantitative content analysis are useful, with the latter adding rigor. Historians interpret sources in their original contexts to draw defensible inferences.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. A relic is any object whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. Examples of relics include furniture, clothing, buildings, monuments, or equipment.
2. It is important to establish rapport with collaborators or the group being researched in order to gain their trust and willingness to participate openly and honestly. This helps the researcher obtain accurate perspectives and behaviors from participants.
3. In the technique of triangulation, the researcher collects data using multiple sources rather than a single one. This includes using multiple methods like interviews, observations, and artifacts, as well as getting information from multiple informants.
4. The researcher is immersed in the
Etnography and Historical research(RM EDU702)Min Besh
The document provides information on ethnography and historical research methods. It discusses key aspects of ethnography including conducting research in natural contexts, observing and interviewing participants, and collecting qualitative data through fieldwork. It also outlines steps in historical research such as defining the problem, locating sources, summarizing information, and evaluating sources. Some challenges of these methods include the time-intensive nature of ethnography and limitations of historical research in controlling for threats to validity.
The case study approach allows in-depth, multi-faceted explorations of complex issues in their real-life settings. The value of the case study approach is well recognised in the fields of business, law and policy, but somewhat less so in health services research. Based on our experiences of conducting several health-related case studies, we reflect on the different types of case study design, the specific research questions this approach can help answer, the data sources that tend to be used, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of employing this methodological approach.
The document discusses different types of research designs including historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study designs. It provides definitions and explanations of each design. Historical design focuses on examining past events. Descriptive design describes present conditions, situations, or phenomena. Experimental design tests the effects of manipulating variables through controlled experiments. Case study design involves an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or situation over time. The document also discusses key aspects of each design such as methods, procedures, advantages, limitations, and examples.
The document discusses research methodology. It defines research and describes its key characteristics as being undertaken within a philosophical framework, using reliable and valid procedures and methods, and aiming for objectivity. The document also discusses different types of research including theoretical vs applied research, experimental research, historical research, action research, ethnography research, case study research, and correlation research. It provides details on the processes, purposes, and features of each type of research methodology.
Qualitative analysis of data. STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONSselvaraj227
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS APPROACHES TO QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSISPRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSISSTRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING OBSERVATIONS
This document provides an overview of historical research as a methodology for qualitative research. It defines historical research as a process of inquiry into past events to gain an accurate understanding of those events and their influence. The document outlines the meaning, nature, significance and steps of historical research, including developing a topic, gathering primary and secondary sources, and analyzing sources through external and internal criticism. Primary sources provide first-hand accounts while secondary sources interpret primary sources. Historical research allows researchers to better understand how the past has shaped the present.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research. It begins by defining qualitative research as an interdisciplinary field that takes a naturalistic and interpretative approach to understanding human experiences. It discusses some key characteristics, such as using multiple methods to understand subjects in their natural settings. The document then contrasts qualitative with quantitative research and covers paradigms like positivism and non-positivism. It also discusses advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research, common data collection techniques, approaches to analysis, and frequently asked questions.
This document provides an overview of qualitative research methods. It discusses various qualitative research designs including case studies, comparative studies, retrospective studies, and longitudinal qualitative studies. It also covers qualitative research sampling techniques like theoretical sampling and purposive sampling. Common qualitative study designs such as ethnography, phenomenology, grounded theory, and participatory action research are defined. The document also discusses principles of qualitative research including saturation, appropriateness of the approach, and fitting the approach into the research process.
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Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition where bilirubin is increases in body.
Etiology
Bilirubin production
Defective uptake of bilirubin
Pathology and bilirubin metabolism
Heme oxygenase bilirubin reductase
MRP 2
Ligandin
Beta glucoronide
Coomb test
Nursing management
G6pd deficiency
Phototherapy
Exchange transfusion
Hexaco personality and performance intelligence testpoonambiswas4
Hexaco personality inventory is developed in 2000 by Lee
It is mainly 5 point rating scale
Honesty humilty
Emotionality
Extrovert
Agreeableness
Conscientious
Openness to learn
Performance intelligence test
Digit symbol
Picture completion test
Block design
guidance and counselling in nursing educationpoonambiswas4
Counsellor education refers to
the academic training
and broad-based knowledge
Counsellor training is the training given for
the preparation of professional counsellors
on counselling techniques and
communication skills.
A comprehensive collection of all available information like social, psychological, physiological, biographical, environmental, and vocational that promises to explain a single social unit, i.e. family or a single individual.
genetic counselling and role of nurse in genetic counsellingpoonambiswas4
Genetic counselling has been defined as "an educational process that seeks affected and risk individuals understand the nature of to assist to a genetic disorder, its transmission and options available to them family planning.
Reed proposed the term ‘Genetic Counselling’ in 1947
Prof IC Verma - Former professor of Paediatrics and Genetics at AIIMS, New Delhi. He is considered as the "Father of Genetics" in India.
Nurses must learn to think genetically
New opportunity to prevent, learn and treat disease
5 main activities by nurses in practice
BFHI, Exclusive breastfeeing, Breastfeeding technique, pattern of feedingpoonambiswas4
breastfeeding should be given exclusively in our country as our country has so many incidence of malnutrition. BFHI is doing their work to promote successful breastfeeding.
after 6 months complementary feeding should be there
family food should be introduced after 6 months of age
no prelacteal food should be given
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. INTRODUCTION
Qualitative research seeks to understand a given
research problem or topic from the perspectives of
the local population it involves. Qualitative
research is especially effective in obtaining
culturally specific information about the values,
opinions, behaviours, and social contexts of
particular populations.
7. A phenomenology study on lived
experiences of parents caring for
children with Type 1 Diabetes
mellitus attending pediatric OPD,
AIIMS Bhubaneswar
8. CONT…
• Purpose:
Describe the experiences, events, situation from different
angle.
• Charateristics:
Approach to
philosophical
context
Intuitive
experience of
phenomenon
Feature of
experience
What is
experienced
9. STEPS
Individual common or shared experience
Develop a practice or policies
Deeper understanding about the feature of phenomenon
Data collected from the individual what have experienced
phenomenon
In depth or multiple interview are used
Data recording, analyzing, outcome
10. TYPES:
1. Descriptive phenomenology
• Careful description of ordinary
conscious experience of everyday life
2. Interpretive phenomenology
• Human experience interpreting and
understanding- not describing
12. INTERPRETIVE PHENOMENOLOGY
In this study bracketing does not
necessarily occurs. Reflexive bracketing is
used in which researcher’s attempt to
identify internal supposition to facilitate
greater transparency but without
bracketing them out.
13. PHENOMENOLOGY CONT…
• Methods of data collection:
In depth interview
Focussed group interview
Observation
• Data recording:
Interview notes
Audio tape recording
14. CONT…
• Sample:
10-15 samples
• Data collection point:
cross sectional
• Analysis:
Classify the data and examine the experiences
beyond human awareness
• Outcome:
A database is formed to describe the findings
from a subject’s viewpoint
15. GROUNDED THEORY:
Grounded theory is an inductive theory discovery
methodology that allows the researcher to develop and
theoretical account of the general feature of a topic
while simultaneously grounding the account in the
empirical observation or data.
-MARTIN & JURNER
16. A grounded theory research on the adaptation levels
of people with postinjury permanent physical
disabilities at AIIMS, Bhubaneswar
17. PURPOSE:
Used to develop theory, identify social development
and ways to deal it
Involves the formulation and testing of data until the
theory is developed
Discover the main concern and basic social process
that explains how people continually resolve this.
19. TYPES:
SUBSTANTIVE THEORY
ON A SPECIFIC SUBSTANTIVE
AREA
POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION
FORMAL THEORY
MORE ABSTRACT LEVEL OF
THEORY
COPING MECHANISM OF
PARENTS FOR CHRONICALLY ILL
CHILDREN
20. CONT..
• Methods:
Individual interview, group interview, observation
Data collection point:
Cross sectional or longitudinal
• Data recording:
Interview notes/ audiotaping/ observation notes/
memoing
• Sample size:
25-50 samples
21. CONT…
• DATA ANALYSIS:
This process is initiated by coding
• CATEGOROZING
• IDENTIFING
• NAMING
• DESCRIBING
OPEN
• CONNECTING
THE CODES TO
EACH OTHER
AXIAL • SELECTING ONE
CATEGORY AS
THE CORE
CATEGORY
SELECTIVE
22. ETHNOGRAPHY:
• Ethnography studies are involved in
collection and analysis of data about
cultural groups.
• Ethnography is classified into 2 types-
Macroenthnography [broadly defined
cultural group]
Microenthnography [narrowly defined
cultural group]
23. CONT…
• Samples :
30-50 interviews
• Methods:
Identify the cultural aspects and variable by
reviewing the literature
Getting involved in environment, live with the
target audiences, collect data through observing
• Analysis:
Describe main parameter
• Outcome:
A detailed description of social moral
24. An ethnographic study on socio-cultural
beliefs of the people about antenatal,
natal and postnatal care of women in
selected tribal communities of Odisha
25.
26. HISTORICAL RESEARCH DESIGN
• The systematic collection and critical evaluation of
data relating to past occurrences of a particular
phenomenon is also a tradition that relies primarily
on qualitative data. Historical research is undertaken
to answer questions concerning causes, effects, or
trends relating to past events that may shed light on
present behaviour or practices.
27. Characteristics of Historical Research Design
• Critical investigation of events, their development, experiences
of the past
• Clearer understanding of the impact of the past on present and
future events related to the life process.
• It involves detailed analysis of what has been written or done
and is used to describe, explain, or interpret these events.
• It involves the review of written materials, but may include oral
documentation as well.
• Data for historical research are usually in the form of written
narrative records of the past, diaries, letters, newspapers,
minutes of meetings, reports, and so on
28. • Contribute to a clearer understanding of past, present, or
future events as they relate to nursing, healthcare, and the life
process.
• Historical method of research also covers categories, such as
historical, legal, documentary, bibliographical, biographical,
ideational, institutional, and organizational.
• Important existing data sources for nurse researchers are
hospital records, nursing charts, physicians, order sheets, and
care plan statements.
• They all constitute rich data sources. Records are an economical
and convenient source of information.
29. Steps of Historical Research
1. First Step: Data Collection
• Primary sources: Primary sources are first-hand information that
include
Remains or relic associated with persons, groups, periods, or
events.
Oral or written testimony or the records kept and written by
actual participants in an event, or actual witnesses of the same.
These sources are consciously produced for the purpose of
transmitting information to be used in the future.
30. • Secondary sources: These are the reports of people who
related the testimony of an acting witness of an event or
actual participants in the same.
• The writer of the secondary source was not on the scene of
the event.
• Secondary sources of data are usually of limited worth
because of the usual errors that result when information is
passed on from one person to another.
• For example, most of the history books and encyclopaedia.
Contd…
31. 2. Second Step: Criticism of the Data
The second step necessitates a comprehensive review of
gathered materials.
External criticism: The establishment of validity by
determining the authenticity of the source . It primarily deals
with data relating to form and appearance rather than
meaning of contents
Internal criticism: The determination of reliability by
correctly interpreting the contents of the document.
Contd…
32. • Evidence bearing on the accuracy of historical data might include one
of the following
1. Comparison with other people's accounts of the same event to
determine degree of agreement.
2. Knowledge of time at which the document was produced.
3. Knowledge of the points of view or biases of the written and oral
documents.
4. Knowledge of the degree of competence of the writer to record
events authoritatively and accurately.
Contd…
33. 3. Third Step: Presentation of the Facts
• After evaluating the authenticity and accuracy of historical
data, the researcher must bring the material together to
analyze it and to test the research hypotheses.
• Historical researchers must be extremely careful at this
point since the analysis of historical data involves logical
processes rather than statistical ones, and, therefore, the
possibility of subjectivity arises.
Contd…
34. The writing of history demands careful avoidance of the
following factors.
• Oversignifying facts.
• Overgeneralizations from insufficient evidence.
• Failure to distinguish between significant and trivial facts.
• Tendency to use secondary data.
• Tendency to accept statements as essentially authentic
when several observers agree.
• Personal bias.
• A dull and colourless style.
35. Areas of Historical Study
1. Periods: Historical studies often focus on events and developments that
occurred during particular blocks of time in the past. The names given to a
period can vary with g graphical location as can the dates of the start and
end of a particular period. Centuries and decades are commonly used
periods, and the time they represent depends on the dating system used.
Most periods are constructed retrospectively and so reflect value
judgement made about the past.
2. Geographical locations: Particular geographical locations can form the
basis of historical study, for example, continents, countries, and cities.
3. Military history: Military history concentrates on the study of conflicts that
have happened in human society. This includes examining the wars,
battles, military strategies, and weaponry. In addition, the effect of these
events on the society and health may also be examined.
36. Methods and Tools Used in Historical Research
• Contemporaneous corroboration
• Photography
• Historical revisionism
• Change log
• Human evolution
• Social change
37. • Purpose: Describe and examines past events to understand present
patterns and predicting future scenarios.
• Method:
1. Develop your idea after reading the relevant literature
2. Develop the types of qualitative research questions
3. Identify the sources archives, libraries, papers
4. Clarify the reliability and validity of data sources
5. Create a research outline to organize the process
6. Collect data
• Analysis:
Analyze the data by accepting or rejecting it
Identify the conflicting evidence
• Outcomes: Present the findings in the form of biography or paper
Contd…
38. Examples of the historical research studies
• A historical research on the development of nursing
in India.
39. Example of Historical Study Using Records
A researcher investigated the medical records of 100
patients who had in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest.
The intention of the study was to find out pre-arrest
physiologic changes in the patient and devise factors
that affected the resuscitation outcome.
40. ACTION RESEARCH
• Action research is a form of applied research that tries to
empower people through a process that constructs and uses
knowledge.
• It tries to find practical solutions to problems existing in the
framework of an organization.
• It increases understanding of how change in one's actions or
practices can mutually benefit nurses within an organization.
• Changes are planned, which can be locally implemented in a
particular organizational setup, and, therefore, are not
universally applicable.
41. Data Collection Methods
• Action research involves the following methods
of data collection.
Interview
Observation
Storytelling
Socio-drama
Drawing and painting
Plays and skits
42. Examples of the action research studies
• An action research on the practicability of Western nursing
practice protocols in public and private Indian health care
organizations.
• An action research on the use of proposed well-being support
programme to solve somatic morbidity among chronic
mentally. ill patients in a selected mental hospital in North
India.
43. Importance of Action Research in Nursing
• Research has the ability to exert power, especially if research
involves collaboration between study participants and the
researcher.
• The research process can improve nursing practice and nursing
researchers.
• The habit of thinking, ability to work harmoniously with others,
and professional spirit will improve.
• Nursing knowledge, actions, and consciousness will benefit
from action research, as it will help to recognize strengths and
areas of improvement.
44. Importance to the nursing field
• To solve a problem by enriching the field of application of
a discipline
• To collaborate with several disciplines for solving the
problem
• To study the individual cases without the objective to
generalize
• To recognize that other variables are constantly changing
• To try to say how things can be changed
• To report in common language
45. CASE STUDIES
• Case studies are in-depth examination of people, places, or
institutions.
• Robson defines case study as the development detailed,
intensive knowledge about a single case or a small number
of related cases.
• This strategy is of particular interest if the researcher
wishes to gain rich understanding of the context of the
research
46. • Based on purpose of carrying out case studies they
are classified in three major type, i.e descriptive,
explanatory case studies.
Descriptive case studies
Exploratory case studies
Explanatory case studies
Contd…
47. Descriptive case studies allow researchers to describe characteristics,
features, and qualities of a yet unstudied person, institution, or
situation .
Exploratory case studies offer an opportunity to clarify key concepts,
ask more relevant questions, and better understand a concept of
interest, often as a prelude to understand a large study of the issue.
Explanatory case studies can be used as pilot studies in the
development of a conceptual framework, which can serve to organize
the data collection in large study.
48. • Explanatory case studies give new or refined meaning
to previously explored concepts while the researcher
holds extent to theories and prior assumptions in
abeyance.
49. • Purpose: Describe an experience, person, event, or
place in detail
• Method:
1. Direct observation and interaction with the
subject
• Analysis: Analyze the experiences
• Outcomes: An in-depth description of the subjects
Contd…
50. Example of case study research
• Each type of case study uses multiple data sources
and data collection methods to obtain a broad view
of the phenomenon. For example, a researcher is
interested in end- of-life issues of the terminally ill
cancer patient. The researcher may conduct a case
interviewing the terminally ill patient with cancer or
nurses working in hospice.
51. Collection of data
• Case study data are collected by
observation or by the personal interview
method.
• Generally, analysis in case study design
does not involve sophisticated
quantitative and statistical techniques.
• In case studies, the stress is more on the
qualitative analysis of collected data.
52. Contd…
• A case study on the availability and utilization of the
emergency services in Civil Hospital, Ludhiana,
Punjab.
53. • In nursing sciences, case study methodology is used since a
long time for in-depth study of a single patient or a group of
patients to generate knowledge for solving nursing problems of
patients suffering with specific disease conditions.
• For example, "How nurses and pregnant women manage pain
during delivery process? Basically case studies are considered as
qualitative research studies; however, they could be either
quantitative or qualitative research study based on the purpose
of the study and phenomenon under study.