Presentation makes a case for promoting pre-fabrication as a unique approach to make buildings cost-effective, time -efficient, resource- efficient, qualitative and sustainable, resilient, energy-efficient and climate responsive.
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation attempts to highlight the role and importance of pre- fabrication as an option for promoting speedier and quality construction which is both cost-effective and time efficient. Process has the capacity to make construction sector sustainable and minimizer of consumption of natural resources
Role and Importance of Pre-brication in Promoting HousingJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Prefabrication ,as the preferred construction technology, has its genesis in the post- second world war period, when the demand for rapid construction was rising rapidly in the face of availability of lesser number of skilled manpower in the construction . For making construction, cost-effective, time- efficient, safe and qualitative, it was thought prudent to shift the gears of construction from on-site to off-site and transforming construction of buildings to manufacturing of buildings on mass scale. Paper tries to define in brief the history, genesis, advantages and limitations of the pre-fabrication as a method of construction. Bringing out its different facets and its future role in the construction industry...
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
Role and Importance of Prefrication in Promoting Sustainable Built EnvironmentJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to bring out origin, growth, development of Prefabrication as a method of construction to promote mass construction and cost-effectiveness in construction besides defining advantages and limitations of this construction technologies.
Construction technology remains critical for creating state of art and quality built environment besides making built environment sustainable, cost-effective and affordable. Despite being considered as promoter of economy and employment, construction technology in the country remain largely obsolete and outdated. Little effort has been made to change the culture of construction industry and make it move forward from construction to manufacturing of buildings. Majority of Buildings constructed in the country follow on-site construction practices , whereas very little has been parceled to off-site construction. Construction sector needs innovations and redefinition to learn from global good practices so as to make buildings cos-effective and time efficient. Construction industry has to create new order of skilling in order to embed technology in the industry. Despite the fact that majority of industries have made optimum use of digital technology to improve productivity, reform processes and achieve higher order of dividends, but building sector has remained a laggard leading to creeping in higher order of inefficiency; lack of productivity with buildings becoming more cos-t intensive. It is time for construction industry to look at the manner it is being operated and should redefine itself by embedding latest technologies. With India already recognized as global leader in digital technology, it should be much easier and quicker to bring construction industry and digital technology on the common platform to usher an era of inducting sustainable construction practices and make building sector more sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient and affordable for majority of the Indians. This would help achieve twin objectives - not only of empowering poor but also help in meeting the goals defined in SDGs.
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is an attempt to define role and importance of pre-fabrication in creating built environment and its advantages over and above the traditional system of construction in terms of cost, speed, wastage, quality, theft ,safety etc
Role and Importance of Pre-fabrication in Promoting Sustainable Built Enviro...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation attempts to highlight the role and importance of pre- fabrication as an option for promoting speedier and quality construction which is both cost-effective and time efficient. Process has the capacity to make construction sector sustainable and minimizer of consumption of natural resources
Role and Importance of Pre-brication in Promoting HousingJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Prefabrication ,as the preferred construction technology, has its genesis in the post- second world war period, when the demand for rapid construction was rising rapidly in the face of availability of lesser number of skilled manpower in the construction . For making construction, cost-effective, time- efficient, safe and qualitative, it was thought prudent to shift the gears of construction from on-site to off-site and transforming construction of buildings to manufacturing of buildings on mass scale. Paper tries to define in brief the history, genesis, advantages and limitations of the pre-fabrication as a method of construction. Bringing out its different facets and its future role in the construction industry...
Presentation tries to focus on construction sector in India, its role and importance in promoting economy, employment and create wealth for the nation.Presentation also looks at the roadblocks in operation of the construction sector and suggest measures for making it effective and efficient
Role and Importance of Prefrication in Promoting Sustainable Built EnvironmentJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to bring out origin, growth, development of Prefabrication as a method of construction to promote mass construction and cost-effectiveness in construction besides defining advantages and limitations of this construction technologies.
Construction technology remains critical for creating state of art and quality built environment besides making built environment sustainable, cost-effective and affordable. Despite being considered as promoter of economy and employment, construction technology in the country remain largely obsolete and outdated. Little effort has been made to change the culture of construction industry and make it move forward from construction to manufacturing of buildings. Majority of Buildings constructed in the country follow on-site construction practices , whereas very little has been parceled to off-site construction. Construction sector needs innovations and redefinition to learn from global good practices so as to make buildings cos-effective and time efficient. Construction industry has to create new order of skilling in order to embed technology in the industry. Despite the fact that majority of industries have made optimum use of digital technology to improve productivity, reform processes and achieve higher order of dividends, but building sector has remained a laggard leading to creeping in higher order of inefficiency; lack of productivity with buildings becoming more cos-t intensive. It is time for construction industry to look at the manner it is being operated and should redefine itself by embedding latest technologies. With India already recognized as global leader in digital technology, it should be much easier and quicker to bring construction industry and digital technology on the common platform to usher an era of inducting sustainable construction practices and make building sector more sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient and affordable for majority of the Indians. This would help achieve twin objectives - not only of empowering poor but also help in meeting the goals defined in SDGs.
Technology remains embedded in the efficiency of any process. Making any product cost-effective and sustainable invariably requires the involvement of technology. Looking at the extent, length, breadth and depth of the built environment, it becomes essential that appropriate technologies must be embedded in the construction sector, to make it safe, cost-effective, time-efficient, sustainable, minimum consumer of resources and generator of waste. Construction technologies accordingly remains valuable. For making building sustainable, the role of material, men, machinery, cost , resources needs to be examined to ensure that construction sectors remains most qualitative and cost/energy efficient.
Presentation tries to look at the cost of buildings, issues in creating cost-effective buildings and options for creating cost-effective, qualitative buildings using architectural design, making buildings green,using local materials, using innovative technologies, prefabrication and putting in place strong project management
Presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Buildings to make this world sustainable and the approach to designing the green buildings
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
This document discusses the climatic zones of India and their implications for green building design. It outlines five main climatic zones - hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate/temperate, cold (cloudy/sunny), and composite. For each zone, it describes the key thermal comfort requirements and how they can be addressed through physical design elements like building orientation, insulation, shading, ventilation strategies, and materials. The hot and dry zone focuses on reducing heat gain, while the warm and humid zone addresses both heat gain reduction and heat loss promotion through ventilation. Addressing climatic considerations is an important part of integrated green building design.
Architectural Design and structural design remain collaborative and partners in making building sustainable and green. No building can be planned , designed and made green unless structural design and state of art construction supports it. Achieving sustainability in a building will be misnomer, mirage and a fallacy by excluding the input and expertise of the art and science of sustainable structure and construction. Presentation studies, examines, explores and explains that relationship and suggests option and strategies which can be leveraged to make sustainable buildings. Existing rating systems excludes the role and importance of structural design in making buildings green and sustainable, which need review ,revision and redefinition to make sustainable Structure Design integral part of the rating system of buildings in order to make these systems rational , focused and relevant to the objectives, they are supposed to achieve.
Presentation focuses on various aspects of promoting economy in built environment through design, materials, construction, technologies/ professional management, standardisation , mass production etc.It also brings out strategies and options to make buildings cost-effective.
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
The document discusses building plans approval processes and systems. It covers several topics including the context, role and importance of buildings. It defines key terms used in building plan approvals and discusses the applicability and evolution of the National Building Code in regulating approvals. It also outlines the organizational structure, framework and typical approval process for obtaining building permits. The goal is to rationalize and make the approval process more transparent, objective, effective and efficient.
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Prefabricated architecture, also known as prefab, involves constructing buildings or portions of buildings off-site and then transporting them for final assembly. Prefab construction has several benefits, including keeping construction sites cleaner and safer, saving time compared to traditional on-site building, and allowing for easy relocation of structures. Some common prefab techniques include timber framing using pre-assembled wood panels, steel framing of components in a factory, and repurposing shipping containers as prefabricated housing or other buildings. Prefab architecture can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from construction and is a promising solution for addressing climate change issues.
Site planning in Architectural Projects- Principles and ApproachesJitKumarGupta1
Presentation tries to showcase the relevance of site planning in the architectural projects, impact of site plan on designing buildings, process to be followed and principles to be kept in mind while evolving site plans. Presentation also makes an attempt to explain and detail out the role of site and factors to be considered while evaluating any site.
Prefabrication for improving Sustainability and Economics of Civil Engineerin...Ankit Singhai
The document discusses prefabrication in construction. It defines prefabrication as building components manufactured offsite and transported for assembly. It discusses the history of prefabrication dating back to ancient Rome and its use addressing housing shortages. Modern prefabrication benefits from technology like CAD, CAM, and BIM. Case studies on the Fort Sam Houston medical facility and Stack apartment building show how prefabrication improved schedule and quality. The conclusion is that prefabrication has potential to improve the economy, sustainability, and schedules while addressing issues like labor shortages.
Decarbonising Planet Earth ThroughGreen Building JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
This document provides an overview of materials and methods of construction. It introduces the course syllabus and objectives, which include discussing new building products and regulatory changes. The text is described as challenging, covering various construction topics across 330 pages. Laboratories involve experiments that must be completed in a single day. Key aspects of construction are then outlined, including why buildings are needed, stakeholders in the process, constraints on building system selection, and performance considerations during and after construction. Local construction materials in Newfoundland and Labrador are also reviewed.
- NITTTER- 12-8-22-what makes a building intelligent.pptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Making building intelligent shall be a challenge for communities by exploring all technological options available . All Buildings can be made intelligent. Intelligent buildings unlike the green buildings are more expensive both operationally and during construction. Both have their limitations and applications. We need to make buildings both green and intelligent to make this world more sustainable and built environment offering convenience, comfort, safety and productivity
The document discusses modular construction and provides a case study of the Club Commons II employee housing project. It summarizes the history of modular construction, how it has advanced with technology, and its sustainability benefits. The case study outlines the design, coordination, manufacturing, and assembly process for Club Commons II. It was completed on schedule using modular construction. While modular is still primarily used for residential, its use is growing internationally and in other markets like schools and medical. The future of modular construction lies in continued innovation and learning from global leaders.
Presentation is an attempt to briefly describe the context of Green Building- its role and importance in promoting sustainability and reducing global warming besides the design strategies which go into making of a Green Building. It also define the advantages and the rating system defined by IGBC for the Green Building.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the construction industry and proposes more sustainable alternatives. It notes that the construction industry accounts for significant global resource use and pollution. Specifically:
- It uses over one-sixth of global freshwater withdrawals and one-quarter of wood harvest. Cement production alone contributes 5% of man-made CO2 emissions.
- Construction and demolition waste makes up 10-40% of solid waste in most countries.
- Many building materials emit VOCs that contribute to greenhouse gases and global warming.
To address these issues, the document recommends more sustainable materials like hollow interlocking compressed stabilized earth blocks, which use local soil and less energy and resources compared to conventional bricks. These
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
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Presentation is an attempt to showcase the role and importance of Green Buildings to make this world sustainable and the approach to designing the green buildings
Technologies and materials assume critical importance in the planning, designing and construction of cost-effective, time-efficient, material efficient and sustainable buildings, Accordingly, it becomes important that available materials, manpower and technologies are critically evaluated in terms of their performance in making building supportive of environment and quality human living. Research and Development assumes importance and need support and resources to make construction sector more qualitative, supportive of resources and promoters of environment and ecology.
PPT is trying to brief role and importance of technology in making buildings qualitative, least consumer of energy cost-effective and sustainable. It also briefs about the agencies and involved in promoting technologies and also looks on the technologies in brief. It also considers role and importance of the materials in making buildings cost-effective. Presentation also tries to highlight the need of respecting material and using them in the natural form besides looking at the life-cycle cost to make them cost-effective in real sense of the term.
This document discusses the climatic zones of India and their implications for green building design. It outlines five main climatic zones - hot and dry, warm and humid, moderate/temperate, cold (cloudy/sunny), and composite. For each zone, it describes the key thermal comfort requirements and how they can be addressed through physical design elements like building orientation, insulation, shading, ventilation strategies, and materials. The hot and dry zone focuses on reducing heat gain, while the warm and humid zone addresses both heat gain reduction and heat loss promotion through ventilation. Addressing climatic considerations is an important part of integrated green building design.
Architectural Design and structural design remain collaborative and partners in making building sustainable and green. No building can be planned , designed and made green unless structural design and state of art construction supports it. Achieving sustainability in a building will be misnomer, mirage and a fallacy by excluding the input and expertise of the art and science of sustainable structure and construction. Presentation studies, examines, explores and explains that relationship and suggests option and strategies which can be leveraged to make sustainable buildings. Existing rating systems excludes the role and importance of structural design in making buildings green and sustainable, which need review ,revision and redefinition to make sustainable Structure Design integral part of the rating system of buildings in order to make these systems rational , focused and relevant to the objectives, they are supposed to achieve.
Presentation focuses on various aspects of promoting economy in built environment through design, materials, construction, technologies/ professional management, standardisation , mass production etc.It also brings out strategies and options to make buildings cost-effective.
Buildings as consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste has major implications for humanity, communities, climate and resources. Context of buildings have to be understood and appreciated in terms of resources, climate and sustainability. Buildings have to be planned, designed, constructed, operated and managed in a manner that they make value to environment, ecology and bio-diversity. Buildings are always evolving, devolving, never ever static and finite. Buildings need care and dedication.A Green building makes you Happy, Healthy and More Productive
Provides highest quality of indoor environment Optimizes Resources, , Reduces Waste,
Reduces Carbon Footprints
makes building operations cost effective and energy efficient- create win-win situation for owner; occupant; user; tenant. Buildings need competent and committed professionals for designing and construction. Role of Architects and Engineers will always remain crucial and universal to achieve sustainability and SDG Goals enunciated by UNDP
The document discusses building plans approval processes and systems. It covers several topics including the context, role and importance of buildings. It defines key terms used in building plan approvals and discusses the applicability and evolution of the National Building Code in regulating approvals. It also outlines the organizational structure, framework and typical approval process for obtaining building permits. The goal is to rationalize and make the approval process more transparent, objective, effective and efficient.
Increasing problems of climate change, rising temperature, global warming and increasing carbon footprints, can be largely attributed to the manner in which built environment is being planned, designed, constructed and created .
Considering the role, relevance and importance, buildings need to be made more environmentally sustainable; economically vibrant/ productive and physically better place to live and work.
Making built environment more productive, sustainable and inclusive, calls for looking into and exploring the innovative options of; Rationalizing and redefining the process of planning, designing, constructing and maintaining the buildings; Making built environment energy/resource efficient and environment friendly; mitigating heat island, making buildings safe against natural and manmade disasters. In order to make building supportive of environment and ecology ;buildings have to be made sustainable, smart and intelligent, so that agenda to make buildings vibrant and least consumer of energy/resources /generator of waste.
Buildings remain crucial for promoting sustainability because buildings remain largest consumers of energy, resources and generators of waste. This world can never ever be made livable and sustainable unless buildings are planned, designed, constructed and managed in a rational and realistic manner. Accordingly role of architects, engineers, planners, industry, builders, contractors and other stakeholders becomes important for looking critically and objectively, how buildings are planned and designed. It needs to be understood and appreciated that there cannot be any option better than designing buildings with nature , using natural elements. Built environment has to be made supportive to environment and ecology. If buildings donot make value addition to environment and bio-diversity, then no human being using such buildings shall remain happy and healthy. Buildings are meant for people, community and society to be used, and if the buildings cannot keep and fulfill that promise then the entire purpose of creating buildings is defeated. Architects and Engineers must come forward to ensure that the buildings are made supportive of nature and should invariably make value addition to nature in order to usher an era of sustainability, failing which humanity will be heading for disaster and self-destruction.
Prefabricated architecture, also known as prefab, involves constructing buildings or portions of buildings off-site and then transporting them for final assembly. Prefab construction has several benefits, including keeping construction sites cleaner and safer, saving time compared to traditional on-site building, and allowing for easy relocation of structures. Some common prefab techniques include timber framing using pre-assembled wood panels, steel framing of components in a factory, and repurposing shipping containers as prefabricated housing or other buildings. Prefab architecture can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from construction and is a promising solution for addressing climate change issues.
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Presentation tries to showcase the relevance of site planning in the architectural projects, impact of site plan on designing buildings, process to be followed and principles to be kept in mind while evolving site plans. Presentation also makes an attempt to explain and detail out the role of site and factors to be considered while evaluating any site.
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The document discusses prefabrication in construction. It defines prefabrication as building components manufactured offsite and transported for assembly. It discusses the history of prefabrication dating back to ancient Rome and its use addressing housing shortages. Modern prefabrication benefits from technology like CAD, CAM, and BIM. Case studies on the Fort Sam Houston medical facility and Stack apartment building show how prefabrication improved schedule and quality. The conclusion is that prefabrication has potential to improve the economy, sustainability, and schedules while addressing issues like labor shortages.
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Buildings are known to be largest consumers of black and green energy besides consuming and generating large waste. Buildings remain anti-thesis to the nature, environmnet, ecology and resources. Every act of development is an act aginst nature. In order to make this planet earth more sustainable, liveable, having minimum carbon footprints, it will be critical to plan, design and construct buildings which are sistainable and least conumers of non-renewable resources. Building are like human beings, always evolving and devolving. Buildings need to be viewed as living entities, breathing all the times. Looking at the context of human living and global sustainability, buildings have to be viewed , planned, designed and constructed differently and distinctly. Buildings need to be valued and planned and designed in a most professional manner.Buildings hold the key to global and human sustainability.. They need best of professional input to make them promoters of quality living.
Presentation looks at the entire context of Bamboo as a critical green building- material which being called steel of 21st century- in terms of its advantages and use in creating sustainable, cost-effective, earthquake resistant and green buildings
This document provides an overview of materials and methods of construction. It introduces the course syllabus and objectives, which include discussing new building products and regulatory changes. The text is described as challenging, covering various construction topics across 330 pages. Laboratories involve experiments that must be completed in a single day. Key aspects of construction are then outlined, including why buildings are needed, stakeholders in the process, constraints on building system selection, and performance considerations during and after construction. Local construction materials in Newfoundland and Labrador are also reviewed.
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Making building intelligent shall be a challenge for communities by exploring all technological options available . All Buildings can be made intelligent. Intelligent buildings unlike the green buildings are more expensive both operationally and during construction. Both have their limitations and applications. We need to make buildings both green and intelligent to make this world more sustainable and built environment offering convenience, comfort, safety and productivity
The document discusses modular construction and provides a case study of the Club Commons II employee housing project. It summarizes the history of modular construction, how it has advanced with technology, and its sustainability benefits. The case study outlines the design, coordination, manufacturing, and assembly process for Club Commons II. It was completed on schedule using modular construction. While modular is still primarily used for residential, its use is growing internationally and in other markets like schools and medical. The future of modular construction lies in continued innovation and learning from global leaders.
Presentation is an attempt to briefly describe the context of Green Building- its role and importance in promoting sustainability and reducing global warming besides the design strategies which go into making of a Green Building. It also define the advantages and the rating system defined by IGBC for the Green Building.
The document discusses the environmental impacts of the construction industry and proposes more sustainable alternatives. It notes that the construction industry accounts for significant global resource use and pollution. Specifically:
- It uses over one-sixth of global freshwater withdrawals and one-quarter of wood harvest. Cement production alone contributes 5% of man-made CO2 emissions.
- Construction and demolition waste makes up 10-40% of solid waste in most countries.
- Many building materials emit VOCs that contribute to greenhouse gases and global warming.
To address these issues, the document recommends more sustainable materials like hollow interlocking compressed stabilized earth blocks, which use local soil and less energy and resources compared to conventional bricks. These
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This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
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Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
presentattion Role and Importance of Pre-Fabrication (3).pptx
1. ROLE AND
IMPORTANCE OF PRE-
FABRICATION IN
PROMOTING
SUSTAINABLE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
*** Ar Jit Kumar Gupta,
founder Director, College of Architecture , IET Bhaddal,
jit.kumar1944@gmail.com
3. Buildings- Role and Importance
Buildings-- integral part of human history, growth and
development since inception
Buildings -- would continue to define journey of human
growth and development till posterity
Buildings-- manmade environment- vital for human growth
Buildings -- living organism
Buildings -- as structures cater to all human activities
Buildings -- largest consumers of energy (50%)
Buildings - largest consumers of resources
Buildings – largest generators of waste
Buildings- largest polluter of environment /ecology
Buildings responsible for -- largest carbon footprints
Buildings -- responsible for global warming
Buildings -- major determinant of global sustainability
4. Buildings- Role and Importance
Buildings– providers of optimum/worst living conditions
Buildings -- make people healthy/sick
Buildings --critical because 80% human life spent in
buildings
-- Buildings important to address / overcome human/
ecological concerns
Making Buildings Sustainable-- critical to make value
addition to resources, environment ,ecology
Studies made revealed that—
A well designed/constructed school-- makes learning easy
and more meaningful
A will designed/constructed house--- makes people happy
and healthy
A well designed/constructed hospital-- can cure patients
quickly
A well designed/constructed shopping mall-- can increase
5. Indian Construction Industry
Construction industry-major economic driver in India,
--contributing 11 % share of GDP
-- second largest industry in India after agriculture
- --Second largest employment generator
-- employing 40 million workforce (1/6th working population)
2013,
--52 million by 2017 and
-- estimated to be 67 million by 2022.
-- India 333 b USD construction output in 2015
- ranked 4th Globally
--three sectors of construction:--- buildings, infrastructure
and industrial
Majority of workforce engaged in construction of
buildings
10 % workforce involved in building completion/ finishing/
electrical, plumbing, other installation services/demolition
and site preparation.
6. Buildings- Built Environment
--Operational domain of Buildings revolves around:
-- planning, designing, construction, operation,
maintenance, demolition and reconstruction
-buildings designed /constructed/operated with care
Buildings – cost /material/resource intensive;
Buildings – required to be made cost/time efficient,
qualitative, durable , requiring minimum
maintenance/upkeep
Building Cost-considered in terms of LIFE CYCLE
COST- not initial cost
• --Going green -- a necessity to ensure sustainable
tomorrow
• -- Each building-- unique, requires different options
to make it green
• Architects/ Engineers/builders/developers- have
8. Population Scenario- India-2011
Population of India reached
250 million in 1919
500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
Last century-- 5 fold increase in
population
2050-1600 million -- 50% living in Urban
India.
--Increased population requires
--- More buildings-- more housing, --
More educational/ healthcare/ other
institutions
--More commercial space --More
transportation
– More Resources
India annually needs--700-900 million
10. Traditional on -site construction-
Issues
Majority of construction in India follow;
-- traditional on-site pattern of construction.
--Known as linear construction,
-- where every component --not only constructed
on site,
-- but also completed -before project moves to next
phase.
Such construction --has major implications in terms
of
-- time;
-- cost,
--quality,
--safety,
-- noise,
11. Traditional on -site construction-Issues
Human led /human oriented- dictated by
quality of manpower deployed
Manpower intensive-Large manpower needed
for construction/ supervision
Loss/theft of material
Time intensive - Highly time consuming-
Material inefficient-- Generating large scale
waste
Weather led--Construction largely dictated
by prevailing weather conditions
Pollution intensive- creates lot of pollution
Unsafe - for workers deployed in
construction.
Material/storage intensive -Large inventory of
12. Traditional on -site construction-Issues
Large variation in quality- dependent on work
force deployed
Resource intensive- Grey Buildings- Use lot
of water/energy –
Cost inefficient- Increased initial cost of
construction
Cost overrun-Uneconomical in
cost/resources-
Time overrun- Delayed return on project
Construction inefficiency -Unpredictable
project schedule-
--Large site disruption ;
Limited application in --hazardous areas
Adverse impact on surroundings
15. Prefabrication-context
Construction-- has always focus on;
-- speed , time, economy, efficiency, quality
-- that can be ensured with
-- the materials &
-- techniques of construction.
-- Prefabrication remains an;
--amazing technology
-- that helps to
--reduce time and provide
--many more benefits.
16. What is prefabrication?
1. Prefabricated construction, or “prefab,”
-- a method of construction
--that uses components made off-site
--in a factory,
--which then transported
-- put together on-site to create a structure.
2. Prefabrication is
-- the practice of assembling components
--of a structure
-- in a factory or other manufacturing site and
-- transporting complete assemblies /sub-assemblies
-- to the construction site
-- where the structure is to be located
17. Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction
off-site/modular constructions offers enormous
opportunities
Overcoming-- disadvantage of traditional construction,
--Offering advantages in terms of;
-- cost, time, quality, safety, environment, materials etc.
Off-Site construction-- is a process that incorporates
-- pre-fabrication and pre-assembly.
--creating building components off site
-- in a designated factory,
-- shipping to plot/ land and
-- installing the components to create a finished
structure
Off-site fabrication-- project strategy--
-- changes orientation of project process
--- from construction to manufacture to installation
-- offers numerous benefits for both owners/construction
19. Rise of Prefabricated
Building
Prefab building - last real estate cycle/pushed such
construction to prominence
Second world war, majority of skilled construction
manpower/joined war/ labourers left job,-- due to recession in
construction industry.
led to shortage of manpower-
-- large scale construction started after world war
-- to replace buildings which suffered extensive damage during
war
--Acute shortage of housing following second world war --led to
a boom in high rise apartments blocks,
-- builders took to alternate recourse of methods of construction
involving;
-safe, efficient, cost-effective,quality construction- minimum
manpower.
-Build projects in-- limited time
-Provide workers-- with safer working conditions
-- Solutions led to the emergence of prefabricated/ modular
construction.
20. Rise of Prefabricated
Building
- Crystal Palace - Britain’s Great Exhibition of 1851- earliest example
of prefabrication/modularization.----design taking less than two
weeks-- construction in few months– using prefab light/cheap
materials iron, wood and glass,-- After exhibition-- palace taken
apart and moved to other location.
- USA used Quonset huts-- pre-fabricated lightweight all purpose
buildings, for creating accommodation for military globally during the
war,-- which could be shipped anywhere and assembled without
skilled labour.
U.S.A -- made extensive use of modular construction in
commercial buildings hotels/ offices/ hospitals/schools post ‘70s
when demand exceeded supply
500-room deluxe Hilton Hotel in San Antonio for Texas World’s
Exposition of 1968-- designed, completed and occupied in just 202
working days. All rooms were placed by crane in 46 days.-- Still
in use, hotel is believed to be the tallest modularly constructed facility
in United States.
New cruise liner Queen Mary 2--, one of largest/ most expensive
cruise liners in world-- also used modular passenger cabins / VIP
suites -- to ensure all cabins built to higher standards.
21. Crystal Palace
London
Crystal Palace - Britain’s Great Exhibition of 1851- earliest example of prefabrication/
modularization.----design taking less than two weeks- construction in few months
– using prefab light/cheap materials iron, wood and glass, After exhibition-- palace
taken apart and moved to other location.
22. lightweight
- USA used Quonset huts, pre-fabricated lightweight all purpose buildings, for
accommodation for military globally during war--could be shipped/ assembled without
skilled labour.
23. 500-room deluxe Hilton Hotel
Texas
for Texas World’s Exposition of 1968-- designed, completed/occupied in just 202
working days. All rooms placed by crane in 46 days. - Still in use, hotel believed
to be tallest modularly constructed facility in United States
24. Cruise liner Queen Mary
2
one of largest/ most expensive cruise liners in world-- used modular passenger
cabins / VIP suites -- to ensure all cabins built to higher standards.
39. Pre- fabrication- Advantages
Building in Hazardous Area-----Advantages in remote
area/disasters/ areas hit by disasters where-
accessibility/manpower/transportation of materials/time
available major problems --best option for construction in
minimum time /cost.
--In hill areas with extreme climatic conditions--pre-
fabrication help in creating well insulated structures/least
susceptible to extreme outside climate. -Leh, Ladakh,
Lahaul, Spiti
Assured Quality Construction
Construction of building components in industrial setting-
---- under highly controlled environment
-- involving lot of quality checks and balances,
- assured uniform quality unlike site-built structures.
Modular buildings manufactured-- to code-making owners
40. Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction/off-site- Advantages
Material Efficiency
Prefabricated buildings known for their material efficiency --both onsite /off-
site..
-- do not produce waste--material for construction arrives in finished state .
-- leave/ create very little waste during the manufacturing, assembly,
disassembly
---involves just putting together all components-- as per approved design..
Cost- Efficiency
Large Capacity to promote economy /cost- efficiency, through;
-- large discounts received from material suppliers,
-- reduction in construction time,
--- mass production of components and
-- Standardisation,
---repetitive nature of operations / large scale operations.
--Reduction of wastage and in- house recycling of extra materials
-- less storage cost ,
-- less material loss
-- saving on labour hours /manpower cost in construction
41. Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction/off-site-
Advantages
Green Construction
-Modular buildings require less power compared to traditional
constructions,
-- lot more eco-friendly-- both in long and short-term.
--lower life cycle energy implications-- as compared to on-site
construction
-have minimum use of water-absence of onsite watering of
brick/concrete
-- Energy efficiency --achieved through using recycled materials
-- Resource efficient and greener construction process-- due to
reduced material waste/ pollution --increased use of recycled
materials
Flexibility
Flexibility based on;
-- easy dismantling /Relocation of buildings to different sites,
- Using numerous individual parts–
permit flexibility in building structure/ design
42. Pre- fabrication/Modular
Construction/off-site- Advantages
Reduced Site Disruption
Traditional construction-- involves major site disruption
-- since all building processes performed on site
--Require transporting/storage/mixing of materials/water storage/creating
residential space for labour etc
--- In prefab construction majority of these disruptions taken away from site
-- factory manufacturing - reduce traffic, equipment/ material suppliers around
construction site.
Time Efficiency
--- taking less than half time when compared to traditional construction
--due to better planning, reduced site disruptions / quicker fabrication of multiple
components.
-- Permits multiple projects simultaneously
-- Reduced on-site construction manpower /supervision --leads to construction
efficiency.
-- Minimum operation for finishing on site including watering of concrete/ brick walls,
seasoning of wood, painting and polishing of wood/door etc, which minimises time span
for construction
Safety
Promote safety in building construction
-including safety of workers at site during construction
43. Benefits of Pre- fabrication
Mitigating the labour shortage:
• Already difficult for contractors to find labour
• - but construction still needs to take place.
• - on-site building - decreases labour productivity
• - as work continues piecemeal.
• -Prefabrication helps businesses speed up timelines,
• -- make best of on-site labour,
• -- improve efficiency/success in marketplace.
. Lower environmental impact:
• --Accelerated offsite production of parts
• -- reduced emissions and work disruption.
• - preserves wetlands or protected areas nearby
• -- minimises local flora and fauna disturbance.
• -- due to dry environment of modular construction
• -- saves water consumption and
• -- allows scrap / other materials to be recycled.
• -- fossil fuel consumption reduced considerably
• -- with less on-site traffic and streamlined transportation.
44. Benefits of Pre- fabrication
. Flexibility:
-Easy to disassemble /move modular construction
-- greatly decreases demand for raw materials
-- minimises resources spent
- Reduces overall time.
-- allows versatility in structure’s design,
-- allowing numerous possibilities.
Prefabricated building units can be used in
aesthetics can be combined with almost any
46. Pre- fabrication- Limitations
While prefabrication solves some logistical problems, -- also carries limitations.
-- Prefabricated components remain limited to a maximum size /weight
-- since they are to be transported to jobsite.
Monotony – Risking Choices in design
Restricting additions and alterations
Reduced Resale Value
Roadblock in Financing
Accuracy and Precision
High Transportation Cost
Specialised Machinery- Cranes etc at site for assembly
Mass Production
Skilled Manpower and Cost
Delay/cost-overrun- Co-ordination
High Initial Cost- higher initial time
Leakage of joints
Loss of local Employment- due to requirement of skilled labour
Requiring high degree of cooperation between project parties- architects, structural engineers
and manufacturers.
• Increased level of depreciation- than standard site- --built housing due to their shorter
economic existence.
48. Emerging Construction Technologies-
2018
1. Augmented Reality- instead of virtual reality using
augmented reality- you not only visualize real world through a
camera lens, but also add to it– offering endless opportunities
for construction industry
2. Cloud & Mobile Technology- Being accessible from
anywhere/ connected online– emerging technologies valuable
in construction industry for remaining competitive in market.
3. Connected Job-- Sites-To make engineers, managers,
surveyors, architects and construction workers connected-
growing software solutions enabling sharing graphics,
measurements / instructions to be passed more efficiently/
in real-time
4. Construction Management Software—to help manage
business operations including job costing, service
management, project management, scheduling, budgeting,
49. Emerging Construction
Technologies
5. Wearable Technology– to help keep workers safe; allows;
passing on the instructions; help track a worker in case of an
accident
6. Drones-- Save time; quick surveying ; saving labour costs;
ensuring accuracy and precision in readings; less human
involvement necessary.
7. Smart/Green Construction--If construction process is
streamlined using time / labour sparing technologies; using
solar/wind/ other sustainable energy- easily offset initial cost leading
to clients’ savings.
8 BIM (Building Information Modelling- enables 3D and4D (time),
5D, 6D, 7D, 8D programming; cost as-built operation; sustainability;
safety--an intelligent, model-based technology -takes a project from
conception to completion
9. 3D Printing- cost-prohibitive and time to finish a project by this
machine very slow-technology very important for construction
industry going forward.
57. Technology Sub-Mission
A Technology Sub-mission under PMAY set up to; facilitate
adoption of;
-- modern, innovative/ green technologies /building material
-- for faster /quality construction of houses.
- Technology Sub-Mission facilitate;
-- preparation / adoption of layout designs/building plans
--suitable for various geo-climatic zones.
--assist States/ Cities in deploying disaster resistant/
environment friendly technologies
-- coordinate with various regulatory /administrative bodies
- for mainstreaming /up scaling deployment of
-- modern construction technologies /material
-- in place of conventional construction.
--coordinate with other agencies
--working in green /energy efficient technologies, climate
changes etc.
58. Technology Sub-Mission
Sub-Mission will work on :
• Design & Planning
• Innovative technologies & materials
• Green buildings using natural resources and
• Earthquake and other disaster resistant technologies and designs.
Adopting Simple designs-- ensuring adequate sunlight / air
- Centre/State to- partner with willing IITs, NITs/SPAs - for developing
-- technical solutions, capacity building /handholding of States/ Cities.
--State/ region specific needs of technologies /designs
-- supported under this Sub-Mission
A technical cell has been setup in the Building Materials and
Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)
54 innovative technologies across world - shortlisted in 6 broad
categories under Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-
India),
Involving construction of over 1,000 houses --in six cities in a span of
59. Technology Sub-Mission
IIT Madras made a 3D printed house.
Indore-- Pre-Fabricated Sandwich Panel System
in place of Brick-and-Mortar Walls.
Rajkot,- Light House -- made with French
Technology - tunnel Monolithic Concrete
construction technology
Chennai-- Pre-cast Concrete system
technologies from America / Finland being used.
Ranchi- houses to be built using 3D Construction
System of Germany.
Agartala- technology from New Zealand a used that
can withstand major earthquakes -made with steel
63. Way Forward
India passing through an era of rapid and massive urbanisation
coupled with government launching number of missions and yojnas
calling for
--Housing for all by 2022’;
-- constructed 6m HHtoilets/4.5 lakh public toilets – Nov3,2018 pan
India-SBM
--creating markets for street vendors
--creating home for houseless- 2.95 Mi in rural areas-Average Const
Time reduced from 314 to114 days – 12 Million houses to be const. in
urban areas
--Skill development Centres for skilling India- under National Urban
Skill & Livelihood Mission;
--Promoting Rural development under Ru-Urban Mission;
--Development of 100 cities under Smart City Mission
-- Development of 12 cities under HRIDAY and AMRUT,
-- Demand for building is increasing many fold.
- For achieving defined objectives under these innovative
64. Conclusion- Way Forward
Prefabrication known to offer best solutions to
many problems hammering construction
industry.
Government-- must come out with a well defined
innovative policy & provide incentives to
industry;
-- to promote state of art construction
technologies.
- to promote pre-fabrication/modular
construction
-- Make it integral part of manuals
- Make it Integral part of study curricula of the
Engineering/Architectural education
- Create awareness about the pre-fabrication
65. Conclusion- Way Forward
--Despite limitations-- prefabricated/precast
construction offers numerous benefits
involving;
-- optimal materials usage
- recycling of material/waste
-- freedom from pollution,
-- freedom from wind & rain;
-- improved construction safety;
-- year round fast construction,
-- reduced pilferage; better quality control etc
-- providing a real alternative to on-site
processes.
--With improvement in manufacturing technology
66. Conclusion- Way Forward
-- Committee of experts appointed by National
Research Council of USA identified—
“Greater use of prefabrication/modularization” as a
key breakthrough opportunity to;
-- significantly improve efficiency/ competitiveness
of construction industry
--Overcoming acute shortage of onsite quality
skilled labour
-- Making structures leaner
- Making structures qualitative
- For Making optimum use of prefab technology– --
Evolve/Develop components which can be applied
from project to project;
--undertaking brain storming session with
client/design team;
--taking decision to use pre-fab in the beginning of