IP addresses are numeric identifiers assigned to devices connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in dotted decimal notation, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses have two parts - a network portion allocated by ISPs and a host portion assigned to individual devices. IPv4 classes (A, B, C, D, E) determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions. IPv6 supports a much larger address space and easier auto-configuration compared to IPv4.
IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) and routes most internet traffic. It uses 32-bit addresses, allowing for over 4 billion devices to connect. Addresses are written in binary or dotted-decimal notation, with each part identifying the network or host. IPv4 addresses are divided into classes A-C that determine the portions for network vs host identification, with classes D-E being reserved. Issues with IPv4 include a limited address space and increasing routing tables as the internet grows.
The document discusses network layer protocols and IP addressing. It covers the functions of the network layer including routing, logical addressing, internetworking, and fragmentation. It then describes IP addressing, including address space, notations like binary, dotted decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains classful addressing and how addresses are divided into network ID and host ID for classes A, B, and C. Class A uses 8-bit network IDs and 24-bit host IDs, class B uses 16-bit network IDs and 16-bit host IDs, and class C uses 24-bit network IDs and 8-bit host IDs. Rules for assigning network IDs and host IDs are also provided.
IPv4 and IPv6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the available number of unique addresses, while IPv6 expanded the address space to 128 bits to accommodate many more devices. IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and resolve issues like its diminishing available address space as more devices connect to the internet. Some key differences are that IPv6 addresses are much longer at 128 bits compared to 32 bits for IPv4, IPv6 has a larger address space to allow for more connections, and security features like IPSec are mandatory in IPv6.
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers represented in dotted decimal notation with four octets separated by periods. The network portion and host portion of an address depend on its class. There are five classes: Class A has a 7-bit network ID and 24-bit host ID; Class B a 14-bit network ID and 16-bit host ID; Class C a 21-bit network ID and 8-bit host ID. Class D is for multicasting with the high-order bits set to 1110, and Class E is reserved for experimental purposes.
This document provides information about IPv4 and IPv6 by comparing their key aspects. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for more available addresses. IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal notation while IPv6 uses colon-separated hexadecimal. IPv6 was developed to address limitations in IPv4 such as address space exhaustion and lack of security features. The document outlines differences between the two protocols in areas like packet fragmentation, checksums, and address types.
This presentation gives a brief description about IP Address (Internet protocol address), Classes of IPv4. And also included, what is IPv4 and what is IPv6.
IP addresses are numeric identifiers assigned to devices connected to a network. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses represented in dotted decimal notation, while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal digits separated by colons. IP addresses have two parts - a network portion allocated by ISPs and a host portion assigned to individual devices. IPv4 classes (A, B, C, D, E) determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions. IPv6 supports a much larger address space and easier auto-configuration compared to IPv4.
IPv4 is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP) and routes most internet traffic. It uses 32-bit addresses, allowing for over 4 billion devices to connect. Addresses are written in binary or dotted-decimal notation, with each part identifying the network or host. IPv4 addresses are divided into classes A-C that determine the portions for network vs host identification, with classes D-E being reserved. Issues with IPv4 include a limited address space and increasing routing tables as the internet grows.
The document discusses network layer protocols and IP addressing. It covers the functions of the network layer including routing, logical addressing, internetworking, and fragmentation. It then describes IP addressing, including address space, notations like binary, dotted decimal, and hexadecimal. It explains classful addressing and how addresses are divided into network ID and host ID for classes A, B, and C. Class A uses 8-bit network IDs and 24-bit host IDs, class B uses 16-bit network IDs and 16-bit host IDs, and class C uses 24-bit network IDs and 8-bit host IDs. Rules for assigning network IDs and host IDs are also provided.
IPv4 and IPv6 are different versions of the Internet Protocol. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the available number of unique addresses, while IPv6 expanded the address space to 128 bits to accommodate many more devices. IPv6 was developed to replace IPv4 and resolve issues like its diminishing available address space as more devices connect to the internet. Some key differences are that IPv6 addresses are much longer at 128 bits compared to 32 bits for IPv4, IPv6 has a larger address space to allow for more connections, and security features like IPSec are mandatory in IPv6.
IPv4 addresses are 32-bit numbers represented in dotted decimal notation with four octets separated by periods. The network portion and host portion of an address depend on its class. There are five classes: Class A has a 7-bit network ID and 24-bit host ID; Class B a 14-bit network ID and 16-bit host ID; Class C a 21-bit network ID and 8-bit host ID. Class D is for multicasting with the high-order bits set to 1110, and Class E is reserved for experimental purposes.
This document provides information about IPv4 and IPv6 by comparing their key aspects. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses, allowing for more available addresses. IPv4 addresses are represented in dotted decimal notation while IPv6 uses colon-separated hexadecimal. IPv6 was developed to address limitations in IPv4 such as address space exhaustion and lack of security features. The document outlines differences between the two protocols in areas like packet fragmentation, checksums, and address types.
This presentation gives a brief description about IP Address (Internet protocol address), Classes of IPv4. And also included, what is IPv4 and what is IPv6.
The document provides an overview of IPv6 including key terminology, differences from IPv4, IPv6 addressing architecture, packet format, and configuration on Windows and Linux. It describes the larger 128-bit address space of IPv6 compared to IPv4 and how IPv6 addresses different address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. It also outlines how to generate link-local addresses from MAC addresses and configure IPv6 networking on different operating systems.
6 ccna (fundamentals of i pv4 addressing and routing)Ulaş Ural
The document discusses fundamentals of IPv4 addressing and routing. It covers key topics such as IP addressing definitions including classes of networks (A, B, C), the network and host portions of addresses, and how hosts use simple routing logic to determine if a packet should be sent directly or to their default gateway. It also introduces the concept of IP subnetting to divide networks into smaller subnets.
IP and MAC addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network or the internet.
An IP address identifies a device and allows information to be sent between devices, while a MAC address specifically identifies the device's network interface card. IP addresses contain both a network ID and host ID to identify the network segment and individual device. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. IP addresses are classified into five categories - Classes A, B, C, D and E - which determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions.
The document discusses IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It describes the original IPv4 classful addressing scheme which divided addresses into classes A, B, and C based on the first octet. It explains how each class defined the number of network and host bits. It then introduces subnetting which allows networks to be divided into smaller subnets using a subnet mask, and describes how this led to classless addressing with variable length subnet masks.
The document discusses IP addressing and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, how it is written in dotted decimal notation, and its structure including the network prefix and host number. It describes problems with the original IP address classification scheme and how subnetting and CIDR addressed these. It also summarizes IPv6, including its 128-bit address size which vastly increases the available address space compared to IPv4.
This document provides information about IP addresses and network addressing. It discusses what an IP address is and how it is used to identify devices on a network. It also describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address into a network ID and host ID portion. The classes determine the number of networks and maximum number of hosts for each network.
An IP addresses an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network.
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
IP works at network layer of OSI model.
The network portion of the IP Address is allocated by the internet service provider(ISP) under authority of the Internet Assigned Number Authority(IANA).
There are two main types of IP Addresses.
IPv4
IPv6
Which section of the IP Addresses represent the network and which section represent the machine will depend on what ‘class’ of the ip address is assigned to a network.
Without IP Address devices on different networks will not be able to communicate.
Every device needs an IP address in order to communicate(connect) to the internet.
The document provides an introduction to IP addressing and subnetting. Some key points include:
- An IP address identifies a device on an IP network and is made up of 32 binary bits divided into a network and host portion using a subnet mask.
- IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format with four octets separated by periods.
- IP addresses allow devices to communicate using TCP/IP by sending and receiving IP packets.
- IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, and C depending on the range of the first octet. Each class supports a different number of networks and hosts.
- Subnetting allows a network to be divided into multiple subnets while appearing as a single network externally using a subnet
This document provides an introduction to computer networks and IP addressing. It discusses the history of computer networks and the development of networking models like OSI and TCP/IP. IP addresses are unique addresses that allow devices to communicate on a network. The document describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address space. It also explains the concepts of network IDs, host IDs, subnet masks, and how subnetting can be used to logically divide a large network into smaller subnetworks.
The document discusses IPv4 addressing and address classes. It explains that IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into four bytes separated by dots. It also describes the different address classes (A, B, C, D, E) and how they allocate bits for network and host addresses. The document outlines private and public IP address ranges and how subnetting allows networks to be divided into smaller subnetworks through borrowing host bits.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, including:
- A brief history of IP development and the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- An overview of IP address classes (A, B, C, D, E), how they are determined, and their characteristics like address ranges and network/host portions.
- Explanations of limitations of classful addressing, subnetting, and how classless or CIDR addressing helps address those limitations by allowing flexible prefix lengths.
- An example is given of how CIDR allows efficient allocation of addresses to networks of different sizes.
IPv4 is the main internet protocol that handles packet forwarding and delivery in a connectionless and unreliable manner. It uses datagrams that contain a header with routing information and a payload of data. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit identifiers composed of a network ID and host ID that are written in dotted-decimal notation. While IPv4 classful addressing divided the address space inefficiently, subnetting and classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) allow for more flexible allocation of addresses.
This document provides information about the CS352 course on Internetworking Protocols. It discusses the topics that will be covered in Unit III, including IPv6 transition issues, IPsec, addressing, extension headers, routing, autoconfiguration, and more. It lists the course instructor and their details. It then provides background on problems with IPv4 and advantages of IPv6. Several sections define IPv6 headers and addressing, describing the fixed header, extension headers, address notation, and network/node addressing splits.
This document provides an overview of IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It discusses hardware addressing using MAC addresses, logical addressing using network IDs and host IDs, and the Internet Protocol (IP). IP uses 32-bit addresses and provides logical addressing and routing. Subnet masks distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address. CIDR notation compactly represents subnet masks. Address classes and subnetting create networks and hosts. Private IP addresses are used internally while public addresses can route on the internet.
IPv4 is the original version of the Internet Protocol. It uses 32-bit addresses expressed in dotted decimal notation like 192.168.1.1. Addresses are divided into network and host parts based on the subnet mask. While IPv4 was widely adopted, it has limitations like a finite address space and no inherent support for mobility or security. Possible solutions include CIDR and NAT to extend the address space, but a new protocol, IPv6, was developed to overcome IPv4's limitations.
IP Address is a unique identification given to Host, network device, server for data communication. IP
Address stand for Internet Protocol address, it is an addressing scheme used to identify a system on a
network. It is a unique address that certain electronic devices currently use to communicate with each
other on a network using internet protocol.
The document discusses IP addresses and network address translation (NAT). It defines IP addresses and the two types: static and dynamic. It describes the organizations that manage IP address allocation and the five classes of IP addresses. It also provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6, including their address sizes. NAT is defined as modifying network address information while packets are in transit to remap addresses.
The document provides an overview of IPv6 including key terminology, differences from IPv4, IPv6 addressing architecture, packet format, and configuration on Windows and Linux. It describes the larger 128-bit address space of IPv6 compared to IPv4 and how IPv6 addresses different address types including unicast, multicast, and anycast. It also outlines how to generate link-local addresses from MAC addresses and configure IPv6 networking on different operating systems.
6 ccna (fundamentals of i pv4 addressing and routing)Ulaş Ural
The document discusses fundamentals of IPv4 addressing and routing. It covers key topics such as IP addressing definitions including classes of networks (A, B, C), the network and host portions of addresses, and how hosts use simple routing logic to determine if a packet should be sent directly or to their default gateway. It also introduces the concept of IP subnetting to divide networks into smaller subnets.
IP and MAC addresses are unique identifiers for devices connected to a network or the internet.
An IP address identifies a device and allows information to be sent between devices, while a MAC address specifically identifies the device's network interface card. IP addresses contain both a network ID and host ID to identify the network segment and individual device. There are two main versions of IP - IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses. IP addresses are classified into five categories - Classes A, B, C, D and E - which determine how many bits are used for the network vs host portions.
The document discusses IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It describes the original IPv4 classful addressing scheme which divided addresses into classes A, B, and C based on the first octet. It explains how each class defined the number of network and host bits. It then introduces subnetting which allows networks to be divided into smaller subnets using a subnet mask, and describes how this led to classless addressing with variable length subnet masks.
The document discusses IP addressing and IPv6. It defines what an IP address is, how it is written in dotted decimal notation, and its structure including the network prefix and host number. It describes problems with the original IP address classification scheme and how subnetting and CIDR addressed these. It also summarizes IPv6, including its 128-bit address size which vastly increases the available address space compared to IPv4.
This document provides information about IP addresses and network addressing. It discusses what an IP address is and how it is used to identify devices on a network. It also describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address into a network ID and host ID portion. The classes determine the number of networks and maximum number of hosts for each network.
An IP addresses an identifier for a particular machine on a particular network.
IP stands for Internet Protocol.
IP works at network layer of OSI model.
The network portion of the IP Address is allocated by the internet service provider(ISP) under authority of the Internet Assigned Number Authority(IANA).
There are two main types of IP Addresses.
IPv4
IPv6
Which section of the IP Addresses represent the network and which section represent the machine will depend on what ‘class’ of the ip address is assigned to a network.
Without IP Address devices on different networks will not be able to communicate.
Every device needs an IP address in order to communicate(connect) to the internet.
The document provides an introduction to IP addressing and subnetting. Some key points include:
- An IP address identifies a device on an IP network and is made up of 32 binary bits divided into a network and host portion using a subnet mask.
- IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format with four octets separated by periods.
- IP addresses allow devices to communicate using TCP/IP by sending and receiving IP packets.
- IP addresses are classified into classes A, B, and C depending on the range of the first octet. Each class supports a different number of networks and hosts.
- Subnetting allows a network to be divided into multiple subnets while appearing as a single network externally using a subnet
This document provides an introduction to computer networks and IP addressing. It discusses the history of computer networks and the development of networking models like OSI and TCP/IP. IP addresses are unique addresses that allow devices to communicate on a network. The document describes the different classes of IP addresses (A, B, C, D, E) and how they divide the 32-bit address space. It also explains the concepts of network IDs, host IDs, subnet masks, and how subnetting can be used to logically divide a large network into smaller subnetworks.
The document discusses IPv4 addressing and address classes. It explains that IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses divided into four bytes separated by dots. It also describes the different address classes (A, B, C, D, E) and how they allocate bits for network and host addresses. The document outlines private and public IP address ranges and how subnetting allows networks to be divided into smaller subnetworks through borrowing host bits.
This document provides an introduction to IP addressing, including:
- A brief history of IP development and the OSI and TCP/IP models.
- An overview of IP address classes (A, B, C, D, E), how they are determined, and their characteristics like address ranges and network/host portions.
- Explanations of limitations of classful addressing, subnetting, and how classless or CIDR addressing helps address those limitations by allowing flexible prefix lengths.
- An example is given of how CIDR allows efficient allocation of addresses to networks of different sizes.
IPv4 is the main internet protocol that handles packet forwarding and delivery in a connectionless and unreliable manner. It uses datagrams that contain a header with routing information and a payload of data. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit identifiers composed of a network ID and host ID that are written in dotted-decimal notation. While IPv4 classful addressing divided the address space inefficiently, subnetting and classless inter-domain routing (CIDR) allow for more flexible allocation of addresses.
This document provides information about the CS352 course on Internetworking Protocols. It discusses the topics that will be covered in Unit III, including IPv6 transition issues, IPsec, addressing, extension headers, routing, autoconfiguration, and more. It lists the course instructor and their details. It then provides background on problems with IPv4 and advantages of IPv6. Several sections define IPv6 headers and addressing, describing the fixed header, extension headers, address notation, and network/node addressing splits.
This document provides an overview of IPv4 addressing and subnetting. It discusses hardware addressing using MAC addresses, logical addressing using network IDs and host IDs, and the Internet Protocol (IP). IP uses 32-bit addresses and provides logical addressing and routing. Subnet masks distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address. CIDR notation compactly represents subnet masks. Address classes and subnetting create networks and hosts. Private IP addresses are used internally while public addresses can route on the internet.
IPv4 is the original version of the Internet Protocol. It uses 32-bit addresses expressed in dotted decimal notation like 192.168.1.1. Addresses are divided into network and host parts based on the subnet mask. While IPv4 was widely adopted, it has limitations like a finite address space and no inherent support for mobility or security. Possible solutions include CIDR and NAT to extend the address space, but a new protocol, IPv6, was developed to overcome IPv4's limitations.
IP Address is a unique identification given to Host, network device, server for data communication. IP
Address stand for Internet Protocol address, it is an addressing scheme used to identify a system on a
network. It is a unique address that certain electronic devices currently use to communicate with each
other on a network using internet protocol.
The document discusses IP addresses and network address translation (NAT). It defines IP addresses and the two types: static and dynamic. It describes the organizations that manage IP address allocation and the five classes of IP addresses. It also provides an overview of IPv4 and IPv6, including their address sizes. NAT is defined as modifying network address information while packets are in transit to remap addresses.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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4. What is IP address ?
An IP address is an identifier for a
particular machine on a particular
network. It is part of a scheme to
identify computers on the internet.
IP address are also referred to as IP
number and internet address.
5. The network portion of the IP address is
allocated to internet service
provider(ISP) by the InterNIC, under
authority of the internet assigned
number authority(IANA).
ISPs then assign the host portion of the
IP address to the machines on the
networks that they operate.
6. Which section of the IP address
represent the network & which sections
represent the machine will depend on
what “class” of IP address is assigned to
a network.
7. IPv4
It is 32 bit number represented in 4
decimal number where each decimal
number is of 8 bit (octet) is separated by
a dot(.).
Thus representation known as doted
decimal representation.
IP address consists of 2 components the
network id and the host id.
8. IPv4 cont…
Network id:-it is the number assigned to
a network in the internet.
Host id:- it represents the id assigned to
a host in the network.
IPv4 allows 232 (4294967296) unique
address which section of IP address
show the network id & which section
show the machine or host id depend on
the class network.
9. IPv4 cont…
There are five classes of IP addresses:-
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
10. IPv4 cont…
Class A:-
The first byte is a network id (8 bits) &
the last 3 bytes are for host id (24 bits).
The first bit is ‘0’.
Range of network number-1.0.0.0 to
126.0.0.0
Number of possible networks-127(1-126
usable, 127 is reserved)
11. IPv4 cont…
Class A:-
Number of possible values in the host
portion-16,777,216
It is used for large network.
12. IPv4 cont…
Class B:-
The first 2 bytes are a network id (16 bits)
& the last 2 bytes are for host id (16 bits).
The first 2 bits are ‘10’.
Range of network number- 128.0.0.0 to
191.255.0.0
Number of possible networks- 16,384
13. IPv4 cont…
Class B:-
Number of possible values in the host
portion- 65536
Used for medium size network.
14. IPv4 cont…
Class C:-
The first 3 bytes are a network id (24 bits)
& the last 1 byte are for host id (8 bit).
The first 3 bits are ‘110’.
Range of network number- 192.0.0.0 to
223.255.255.0
Number of possible networks- 2,097,152
15. IPv4 cont…
Class C:-
Number of possible values in the host
portion- 256
Used in local area network(LAN).
16. IPv4 cont…
Class D:-
An IP address which belong to class D has
the first octet has its 4bit set to ‘1110’.
Range of network number- 224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255
18. IPv4 cont…
Class E:-
It reserved for experimental & for future
testing purpose.
Range of network number- 240.0.0.0 to
255.255.255.254
19. define IPv6
IPv6 will make use of 128 bit IP address.
An IPv6 address is represented as 8
groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, each
group representing 16 bits (2 octets).
The groups are separated by colons(:).
E.g.-
2001:0db8.85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370
:7334
20. difference between IPv4
and IPv6
S.N IPv4 IPv6
1. Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes)
long.
Addresses are 128 bits (416
bytes) long.
2. Both routers & sending host
fragment the packets.
Routers don’t fragment the
packets but sending host
fragment the packets.
3. Header includes a checksum. Header doesn’t includes a
checksum.
21. difference between IPv4
and IPv6 cont…
S.N IPv4 IPv6
4. Classes of addressing are A, B, C,
D, E.
Classes of addressing are
unicast, anycast, multicast.
5. Configure either manually or
through DHCP.
Doesn’t require manual
configuration.
6. Must support a 576 byte packet
size.
Must support 1208 byte
packet size.
22. difference between IPv4
and IPv6 cont…
S.N IPv4 IPv6
7. IPv4 address uses the dot-
decimal notation.
IPv6 address are represented
in a hexadecimal, colon-
separated notation.
8. Not suitable for mobile
networks.
IPv6 is better suited to mobile
networks.
9. Address space is small (232). Larger address space (2128).
23. difference between IPv4
and IPv6 cont…
S.N IPv4 IPv6
10. Internet protocol security(IPSec)
is mandatory in this.
IPSec is optional.
11. An IP address is made up of 4
bytes of information expressed as
4 number between 0 & 255 shown
separated by periods.
e.g.- 238.17.159.4
An IPv6 address is represented
by 8 group of 16 bit
hexadecimal values separated
by colons (:).
e.g.-
2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8
a2e:0370:7334