Politics in Pakistan History - Timeline (History at grace) Major Parties Problems of Pakistani Politics Democracy vs. Dictatorship in Pakistan Constitutions Conclusion

2. Politics in
Pakistan
Pak-Studies: Group Presentation

3. Group Members:
 M. Saad Hussain
 M. Seerat Nawaz
 Mirza Waqar Baig
 Tayyab Hussain
 Syed Daud Wasti

4. History - Timeline
Syed Daud Wasti

5. After Dead of Quaid, Sep 11, 1948.
After Dead of Liaquat Ali Khan, Oct 16, 1951
and Nazimuddin became the next Prime
Minister.
The dismissal of Sir Khawaja, the Prime Minister,
by the Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad,
signaled a troubling trend in Pakistani political
history.
Major General (Retd.)
Iskandar Mirza who
forced Mohammad Ali
Bogra to resign in 1955.

6. After Ch. Muhammad Ali
resign in 1956.
Hussein Shaheed
Suhrawardy
resigned from his
Premiership in 1957
Iskander Mirza
exploited the
differences between the
parties and thus made
Ismail an easy victim as
he remained Prime
Minister for only two
months and therefore
could not give any
practical shape to his
program.

7. PPP
won
PML-J
won
1st General Election
Election Date: Oct, 1970
Total Seats: 300
Turnout: 63%
2nd General Election
Election Date: 7 Mar, 1977
Total Seats: 200
Turnout: 63%
PPP won but Marshal law
was Imposed.

8. PPP
won
PML-N
won
PPP
won
PML-N
won
4th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 43%
5th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 45.5%
6th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 41%
7th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 35%
After Dead of Zai ul Haq.
After Farooq Leghari's
resignation in 1997
President
02 Dec - Resign
Farooq Leghari

9. PML-Q
Won but still Musharaf
was President
PPPP
won
8th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 41%
9th General Election
Total Seats: 342
Turnout: 63%

10. Constitutions
Saad Hussain

11. Constitution of 1956
 British Empires divided British
India into two Pakistan and India.
 Adopted on 29 February 1956
 Enforced on 23 March 1956
 Contained 234 Articles divided into
thirteen parts and six an schedules.
 Governor General Iskander Mirza was
assumed as a President of Pakistan.

12. Features
 The Objectives Resolution, the preamble of the
Constitution.
 Country was declared an Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 President must be Muslim of at least 40 years of age.
 The Constitution of 1956 provided unicameral
legislature.
 National Assembly was to consist of 300 members.
 Minimum age of 21 was allowed to vote in the elections.
 Urdu and Bengali, State Language and English, Official
Language for first 25 years

13. Constitution of 1962
 Shahabuddin Commission, 17 Feb
1960.
 Promulgated by President Ayyub
on 1st March, 1962.
 Came into effect on 8th June,
1962.
 Contained 250 articles divided
into 12 parts and 5 Schedules.

14. Features
 Pakistan was renamed as "Republic of Pakistan".
 The President was to be a Muslim not less than 35 years
of age and could , not held more than two consecutive
teams.
 The National Assembly was to consist of 156 members,
later increased to 218 members.
 The system of indirect presidential elections was
presented.
 President owned the "Right of Veto".
 The President had the power to dissolve the National
Assembly.
.

15. Constitution of 1973
 "Constitution accord" 17 Oct 1972.
 The National Assembly approved the
Constitution on April 10th, 1973.
 Came into effect on 14th August 1973.
 Contained 280 articles divided into 12
parts and 7 schedules.

16. Features
 The Constitution named Pakistan as Islamic Republic of
Pakistan.
 Islam as the religion of the country.
 The President was to be Muslim at least 45 years of age.
 The 1973 Constitution set up a bicameral legislature.
 Independence of Judiciary
 Method of Election

17. Major PartiesTayyab Hussain

18. Pakistan People Party
 Political Party of Pakistan.
 Founded on Nov 30, 1967 by Z.A Bhutto.
 Chairperson:
 Bilawal Bhutto
 Contest elections on the slogan of
"ROTI, KAPRA AUR MAKAN".
 Basic Principles of PPP:
 Islam is our Faith
 Democracy is our Politics
 Socialism is our Economy
 All Power to the People
 Won Election in 1970, 1977, 1988, 1993 , 2008.

19. Pakistan Muslim League - N
 Famous Political Party of Pakistan.
 Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif.
 Chairperson:
 Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
 Basic Principles of PML-N
 Democracy is our Politics
 Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law.
 Improvement in Education System
 Industry and Trade (Economical Improvement)
 Won Election in 1990, 1997 and 2013.

20. Pakistan Muslim League - Q
 Political Party of Pakistan.
 Founded on 2002 by Mian Azhar
 Chairperson:
 Ch. Shujat Hussain
 Basic Principles of PML-Q
 Live and Let Live.
 Tolerance and harmony.
 Ensuring justice and freedom of expression.
 Dignity of the common citizen
 Protection and promotion of the rights of Women.
 Protection of the rights of minorities.
 Won Election in 2002.

21. Muhajir Qaumi Movement
 Founded on 1984 by Altaf Hussain.
 In 1997, MQM became Muthidda Qaumi Movement
instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movement.
 Chairperson:
 Altaf Husain
 Basic Principles of MQM
 Improvement in Education
 Reduce Poverty and Unemployment
 Agricultural reforms
 Healthcare system is a right of every Pakistani regardless
of his/her income level and social status.

22. Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
 Founded on 1996 by Imran Khan.
 PTI is one of the three major political parties of
Pakistan, along with PPP and PML-N.
 Motto : “Insaf, Insaniyat aur khud itmadi”
 Chairperson:
 Imran Khan
 Basic Principles of PTI
 Government with Merit.
 Resources of the country belong to the people of the
country and will be used for their progress and
development.
 Primary Health care for the poor and elderly will be free.

23. Problems of
Pakistani PoliticsMirza Waqar Baig

24. Issue Based Politics
Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!
 PAKISTAN is a nation desperately in need of heroes.
 Our politicians dissimulate, our cricketers disappoint,
and our celebrities self-destruct.
 Core issues were always neglected
 Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the basic
problems
 Lack of responsibility showed by the political parties.

25. Feudalism
Garbage In = Garbage Out
 Majority of the Politicians belong to this
category
 Lack of Interaction with the common
man
 Leads to lack of development in rural
areas
 Absence of a complete constitution,
allowed the peoples with power to
manipulate the political and
constitutional institution, as they
wanted.

26. Military takeover
An Ever Itching Palm
 Marshal law is a major factor of
political destabilization.
 It always leaves an uneven ground
for the politicians.
 Sometime, It is war done in the
name of democracy against
democracy.

27. Accountability
Selective or wholistic???
 Has always been biased throughout the history
 Independent NAB non-existent.
 Pakistan is not going to change until every man in
power take responsibility for his action.
 And Heavy regulation, poor security that creates an
unfavorable environment for foreign investment.

28. Democracy vs.
Dictatorship in PakistanSeerat Nawaz

29. Democracy!!!
 People Elect their own
Government.
 They are ruled by the
people of their own
choice.
 A common person is
considered as the Primary
source of the elected
Government.
 Not One Man Show.
Dictatorship !!!
 A type of government in which
the whole governing body is
controlled by a single individual
or a single group of people.
 Government in which a single
personality govern all the
authorities.
 It has been proved unfriendly.
 One Man show.

30. Merits and Demerits Of Democracy
Merits
 Local Body Government in which
people are free to choose their
rulers.
 People have liberty of Speech.
 Public Questions are decided by
the will of majority.
 People get the chance to change
the governing bodies.
 Legal form of Government.
 People have the freedom to
choose their Head by the General
Elections.
Demerits
 According to Napoleon, "Nine
people out of ten are fool".
 This cause the election of some
illegible persons.
 Corruption and bribery.
 Illiterate people sometimes
choose the people on caste and
creed basis.
 Expensive mode of government.

31. Merits and Demerits Of Dictatorship
Merits
 More Stable Government
 Less room for Corruption.
 More efficient during emergencies.
 Less crime rates.
 Things happening very quickly.
 More stronger economy than
democratic government.
 No politics ever.
Demerits
 The most unfriendly type of
government.
 People sometimes have not the
freedom to speak and express
their views against the
government.
 People have to just follow the
orders.
 Military dictatorship is worst type
of government.

32. In Pakistan, Democracy or the
Dictatorship ???
 From the inception of Pakistan, there has been the
conflictions between the military and civil leadership
 For about 30 years in history, we have dictator
leadership.
 As Musharraf once said,
“Democracy is an ineffective system for Pakistan as there are
no checks and balances in the system and to counter such
failures army has to act because people of Pakistan expected
too much good from military.”
 But Pakistan is still a democratic country.

33. Dictatorial leadership in
Pakistan
Ayub Khan's Rule (1958 - 1969)
 His regime is said to be Industrial and Reforms Era.
 Most developed decade in the History of Pakistan
 Capital was raised to Rs. 4.7 Billion and GDP was raised
to 6.8%
 His Dictatorial behavior rose rage of people against
himself
 He tried to overcome it by the use of power, that leads
to the separation of East Pakistan.
 Constitution of 1962 was launched by Ayub Khan in
which all the supreme authorities was owned by him.
 After the resignation, he handed the government to
General Yahiya Khan.
 Yahiya's policies against the East Pakistanis were the
formation of Bangladesh.

34. Zia-ul-Haq's leadership(1977 -
1988)
 Islamic Shariaah was enforced is his era.
 This was the era of cold war against USSR in which
Pakistan played a vital role. Zia assist Afghanis by
Military as well as by finance.
 Military was made more strong and efficient.
 Zia was able to stand against external pressures on
Nuclear Programs that were started by Z.A Bhutto.
 Many new reforms were introduced that could lend
benefits to common people.
 Pakistan had highest GDP rate in the history in Zia era.

35. General Musharraf's leadership
(1999 - 2008)
 After Zia, general elections were held
which allowed PPP to make government.
 This government could not exist for long
time as they were accused of corruption.
 Then came the era of Nawaz Shareef,
which too could not stand for a long.
 From 1988 to 1999, no government could
stand more than 3 years.
 This decade was said to be the failure of
democracy in Pakistan.
 At last Gen Mushrraf (COAS) suspended
the constitution and chose designation of
Chief Executive of Pakistan for himself,
dissolving the government.
 From 2002 to 2008, again this was
the era of dictator.
 Telecom sector made a remarkable
development.
 GDP was raised to about 9%.
 His Policies and American support
by him lead the country towards
the serious threads of Terrorism.
 Dictatorial behavior of Musharraf
caused the political opposition
against him.

36. Zia-Ul-Haq
Ayub Khan
Pervez
Musharraf
Benazir
Bhutto Z.A Bhutto
Nawaz
Sharif Iskandar
Mirza Ghulam
Muhammad Asif Ali
Zardari
5.88
5.82
5.14
5.08
4.83
4.06
3.02
2.95
2.62
COMPARING DEMOCRATIC AND DICTATORIAL RULE
ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT RULERS
* Highest GDP rate was observed on Dictator’s Rule.

37.  Ayub Khan and Zia's Eras are known as the Eras of
development and peace.
 Highest GDP rate was observed.
 Likewise, Unfortunately every democratic government was
blamed corrupt, and base of national as well as international
disputes.
 Democracy is legal type of government in which people
elected from the citizens are offered to form the government.
 but a dictator takes over the government when national
disputes and confliction rises.
 In the history dictatorial government has been proved to be
the most economical and most administration leadership.
 The reason is that, by the common person, some of the
incompetent people are elected
 They do not deserve to have the leadership.

38. So what should then we do ???
 As democracy is the best form of government, so it
should be appreciated.
 Our duty is to nominate and elect the most capable
person.
 We should maintain a peaceful and administrative
atmosphere in the country, even if going to criticize the
government over an issue.
 We should maintain a cooperative atmosphere with the
representatives of governments
 Military and Law enforcement departments should
ensure the fair and rigging-free elections in the country.
 No one should have exemption facing the Judiciary.
 And Citizens should have awareness.
 In these ways we can have a better democratic and
peaceful atmosphere.

39. Conclusion
 Total 10 General Elections held in Pakistan:
o PPP won 5 times.
o PML-N won 3 times.
o PML-J won once.
o PML-Q won once.
 Total 4 time Martial Law was imposed:
o 1st Marshal Law (M. Ayub Khan - 1958)
o 2nd Marshal Law (M. Yahya Khan - 1969)
o 3rd Marshal Law (M. Zia-ul-Haq - 1977)
o 4th Marshal Law (Pervez Musharaf - 1999)
 Major Parties
o PML-N
o PTI
o PPP
 Constitution of Pakistan
o Constitution of 1956
o Constitution of 1962
o Constitution of 1973
 Democracy vs.
Dictatorship