Philosophical foundations of Social Work
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This document discusses various philosophical foundations and theories relevant to social work. It outlines several key thinkers and their theories, including Immanuel Kant's view on treating humanity as an end in itself. It also summarizes three major conceptual views in social work - positivism, constructivism, and pragmatism. Additionally, it outlines theories such as conflict theory, development theory, family life cycle theory, grounded theory, and psychoanalytic, psychosocial, functional, behavior modification, systems, social constructionist, social learning, electic, and transpersonal theories. The document provides an overview of philosophical perspectives and theoretical frameworks important to the field of social work.
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Presentation on historical development of social work in
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Presentation On Historical Development Of Social Work In USA
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Chapter 2
Thinking About and Researching the Social World
Classical Sociological Theory
• What is a theory?
• Theory: “A set of interrelated ideas that have a wide range of
application, deal with centrally important issues, and have stood the
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• The Industrial Revolution
• Political revolutions (French and American revolutions)
• The rise of socialism
• The civil/women’s rights movements
• The growth of science, the replacement of faith by science
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• Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
▫ French philosopher
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“sociology” to distinguish his work from others.
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understand, predict, and control human behavior for
the welfare of humanity.
The “Religion of Humanity”
Tenets: altruism, order, progress, introduction,
admission, destination, marriage, retirement, separation,
incorporation
Early Theorists
• Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)
▫ Born and Educated in England
Credited with bringing sociology to England
Argued that sociologists must focus on all aspects of society
Including women
First to look at issues such as marriage, children, domestic and
religious life as well as issues of race
Argued that sociologists must do more than just observe, but
should also act in ways that benefit society
Was active in the women's rights and emancipation movements
Wrote Society in America after extensive travels in the 1830’s
Early Theorists
• Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
▫ Primarily interested in the root cause of social change, specifically evolution in
the physical, intellectual, and social domains.
▫ Was a polymath
Philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, and political theorist
▫ Coined the term “survival of the fittest”
Believed privileged members of society earned their status and
thus a higher quality of life
Government should not interfere with improving life chances
of individuals – against the natural order
The Big Three
• Karl Marx (1818-1883)
▫ German – born to the middle class
▫ Macro-theorist who focused on the structure of capitalist society
▫ Defined capitalism as an economic system based on the
bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production)
exploiting the proletariat (the workers).
Wrote in conjunction with Fredric Engles
The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital
The Big Three
• Karl Marx (1818-1883)
• Concepts from Marx
▫ Capitalism as a system based on exploitation
▫ Workers also experience alienation on the job
▫ False consciousness – an erroneous set of beliefs
▫ Class consciousness – a set of beliefs about an individual’s
soci.
Towards an Aesthetic Epistemology: Transforming Thinking through Cybernetic E...
(Please note that Slideshare translates the Greek letter Theta into the letter Q. This is unfortunate, because I used the Greek letter for its geometric shape. You can see the correct shape here: http://www.spiritalchemy.com/2144/toward-an-aesthetic-epistemology-slideshow/)
Abstract:
The complexity, subtlety, interlinking, and scale of many problems faced individually and collectively in today’s rapidly changing world requires an epistemology—a way of thinking about our knowing—capable of facilitating new kinds of responses that avoid recapitulation of old ways of thinking and living. Epistemology, which implicitly provides the basis for engagement with the world via the fundamental act of distinction, must therefore be included as a central facet of any practical attempts at self/world transformation. We need to change how we think, not just what we think. The new epistemology needs to be of a higher order than the source of the problems we face.
This theoretical, transdisciplinary dissertation argues that such a new epistemology needs to be recursive and process-oriented. This means that the thoughts about thinking that it produces must explicitly follow the patterns of thinking by which those thoughts are generated. The new epistemology is therefore also phenomenological, requiring the development of a reflexivity in thinking that recursively links across two levels of order—between content and process. The result is an epistemology that is of (and for) the whole human being. It is an enacted (will-imbued) and aesthetic (feeling-permeated) epistemology (thinking-penetrated) that is sensitive to and integrative of material, soul, and spiritual aspects of ourselves and our world. I call this kind of epistemology aesthetic, because its primary characteristic is found in the phenomenological, mutually fructifying and transformative marriage between the capacity for thinking and the capacity for feeling.
Its foundations are brought forward through the confluence of multiple domains: cybernetic epistemology, the esoteric epistemology of anthroposophy (the spiritual science of Rudolf Steiner), and the philosophy of the implicit as developed by Eugene Gendlin.
The practice of aesthetic epistemology opens new phenomenal domains of experience, shedding light on relations between ontology and epistemology, mind and body, logic and thinking, as well as on the formation (and transformation) of identity, the immanence of thinking in world-processes, the existence of different types of logic, and the nature of beings, of objects, and most importantly of thinking itself and its relationship to spirit.
16-Educ-101-power-point-PHILOSOPHICAL-FOUNDATIONS.ppt
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Behavioral and Existential Therapies
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Philosophical foundations of Social Work
- 1. Philosophical Foundations of Social Work Dr. M. Swarna Latha Chair Person, Board of Studies Dept. of Sociology and Social Work Kakatiya University
- 2. Importance of Philosophy in Social Work • Make sense of our being and the world we live in • Question everything • To take Nothing for Granted • Liberate Individual • Encompass Every Dimension of life and • Change the way we look at it
- 3. Immanuel Kant • Ground work for the “Meta-Physics of Morals” • “Act in such a way that you always treat Humanity, whether in your person or in the person of any other, never simply as a means, but always at the same time as an end”
- 4. Three Major views of Conceptualization • Positivism (Objective) • Constructivism (Subjective) meanings created by human mind • Pragmatism(Practical)
- 5. 3 Distinct potentialities of Philosophy • Explanation Theories • Models • Perspectives
- 6. Conflict Theory and Development Theory • Conflict Theory: inherent inequality, Power Disparity impacting opportunities, quality of life, even longevity • Development Theory: Advance towards positive Theory often incorporated into Geopolitical Theories and models
- 7. • Family Life Cycle Theory: Rituals, important stages in life, family dynamics • Grounded Theory: grounded in Data and Analysis. Allows inquiry to arrive at a theory only after collecting, categorizing and assessing data
- 8. • Humanistic Theory: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers. (20th Century) We are Constantly “Becoming” strive towards self-actualization through emphasis on personal strengths and greater mindfulness. Psycho Analytical: Sigmund Freud Id-Ego-Superego
- 9. • Psycho-Social Theory: Gordon Homilton • “The Under lying Philosophy of Social Case Work” 1941. • Diagnosis word first used to express psucho social problems • Client is seen in the context of his interactions and transactions with the outer world. • History of the problem and impact on social functions of the client is focussed. • Differential treatment
- 10. • Functional Theory: Univ. of Pennsylvania in 1930. • Centre for change is located in the client • Use “helping” instead of Treatment • Social work a method of administering some specific social service and creating a psychological understanding in the client to be skillful in utilizing the agency services
- 11. • Behavior Modification Theory: Pavlov and Thorndike • View problem as essentially the result of a failure to learn necessary adaptive behaviors. • Behavioral modifications is about decreasing undesired behaviors and increasing desired behaviors with the systematic application of established principles of learning.
- 12. • The Electic Approach: • Solid knowledge of many streams of systems of theories and skill for selecting useful concepts and techniques with reference to clients. The skill of social worker lies in taking advantage of strengths of every school of thought in the best interest of the client.
- 13. • Social Constructionist Theory: (Departed from grounded theory Reality is observable only through systematic and methodological gathering of data) • Reality is constructed through both objective and subjective lenses. Knowledge is not created organically but constructed by society.
- 14. • Social Learning Theory:Albert Bandura 1970 • We learn and acquire new behaviors by observing others. • Reinforced further by observation of punishment and reward in connecting with certain behaviors. Formative stages important.
- 15. • Systems Theory: Karl Ludwig Bertalanffy “General Systems” • Interdependency of various systems, both natural and human made. • Interdisciplinary approach
- 16. • Transpersonal theory: • Psychology and Transcendent aspects of Human experience • Emphasize goal of reaching a level of consciousness that goes beyond personal identity and self.