PHARYNGITIS definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, nursing management

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SUBJECT – MEDICALAND SURGICAL NURSING
TOPIC - PHARYNGITIS
BY - DOLISHA WARBI

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PHARYNGITIS

3. CAUSES:
1. Viral Infections: The majority of pharyngitis cases are caused by viruses, such as the common cold virus, influenza virus, or Epstein-Barr
virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis).
2. Bacterial Infections: Streptococcus bacteria, specifically Group A Streptococcus, can cause bacterial pharyngitis, commonly known as
strep throat.
3. Irritants: Environmental factors like smoke, pollution, or dry air can irritate the throat and lead to pharyngitis.
• Symptoms:
1. Sore Throat: The primary symptom is pain or discomfort in the throat.
2. Difficulty Swallowing: Swallowing may be painful or difficult.
3. Redness and Swelling: The back of the throat may appear red and swollen.
4. Fever: Infections, particularly bacterial ones, may be accompanied by a fever.
5. Headache and Body Aches: These are common symptoms, especially with viral infections.
6. Cough: A persistent cough may be present in some cases.
SYMPTOMS:
1. Sore Throat: The primary symptom is pain or discomfort in the throat.
2. Difficulty Swallowing: Swallowing may be painful or difficult.
3. Redness and Swelling: The back of the throat may appear red and swollen.
4. Fever: Infections, particularly bacterial ones, may be accompanied by a fever.
5. Headache and Body Aches: These are common symptoms, especially with viral infections.
6. Cough: A persistent cough may be present in some cases.
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4. DIAGNOSIS:
1. Clinical Examination: A healthcare professional may examine the throat, check for redness and swelling, and
look for signs of bacterial infection.
2. Throat Culture: A swab of the throat may be taken to test for bacterial infections, especially if streptococcal
pharyngitis is suspected.
3. Rapid Antigen Test: This is a quick test to detect streptococcal bacteria.
4. Blood Tests: In some cases, blood tests may be conducted to identify the presence of certain viruses.
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5. Treatment:
1. Viral Pharyngitis: Typically resolves on its own, and treatment focuses on relieving symptoms. Rest, hydration,
and over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended.
2. Bacterial Pharyngitis (Strep Throat): Antibiotics, such as penicillin or amoxicillin, are prescribed to treat
bacterial infections. It's crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics even if symptoms improve.
3. Symptomatic Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers (acetaminophen or ibuprofen), throat lozenges, and throat
sprays can help alleviate discomfort.
4. Rest and Hydration: Adequate rest and staying hydrated are essential for recovery.
5. Avoiding Irritants: Avoiding smoking and exposure to other irritants can aid in the healing process.
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6. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
1. Assessment:
• Thorough History: Obtain a detailed medical history, including the onset of symptoms, recent illnesses, and exposure to others with similar symptoms.
• Physical Examination: Assess the throat for redness, swelling, tonsillar exudates, and other signs of inflammation.
2. Patient Education:
• Transmission Prevention: Educate patients on the contagious nature of some types of pharyngitis and the importance of hand hygiene to prevent the spread of infections.
• Medication Adherence: Provide information on prescribed medications, their purpose, and the importance of completing the full course of antibiotics if bacterial pharyngitis is
diagnosed.
3. Symptom Management:
• Pain Relief: Administer prescribed pain relievers or recommend over-the-counter medications. Encourage the use of throat lozenges or sprays.
• Hydration: Emphasize the importance of staying well-hydrated to soothe the throat and prevent dehydration.
4. Comfort Measures:
• Warm Salt Gargles: Recommend warm saltwater gargles to relieve throat discomfort.
• Humidification: Suggest the use of a humidifier to add moisture to the air and ease respiratory and throat symptoms.
5. Monitoring and Documentation:
• Vital Signs: Regularly monitor vital signs, especially if the patient has a fever.
• Symptom Progression: Document the progression or resolution of symptoms to assist in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment plan.
6. Isolation Precautions:
• Infectious Cases: If the pharyngitis is suspected to be bacterial (e.g., strep throat), follow appropriate isolation precautions until the patient is no longer contagious.
7. Nutritional Support:
• Dietary Guidance: Provide guidance on a soft diet if swallowing is painful. Encourage the consumption of cool or warm liquids.
8. Follow-up and Referral:
• Follow-up Care: Schedule follow-up appointments to monitor the patient's progress and adjust the treatment plan if necessary.
• Referral: If symptoms persist or worsen, consider referring the patient to a healthcare provider for further evaluation.
9. Infection Control:
• Hand Hygiene: Emphasize the importance of hand hygiene for both the patient and caregivers to prevent the spread of infection.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): If applicable, ensure the use of appropriate PPE to protect healthcare providers.
10.Collaboration with Healthcare Team:
• Communication: Maintain open communication with physicians and other healthcare team members to discuss patient progress and any changes in the treatment plan.
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