Presentation dissects, analyses, define and details role,relevance and importance of housing in human living, employment, industry etc; briefs the roadblocks in promoting supply of housing; quantifying emerging housing shortage; defining affordability and affordable housing; Briefs about Prime Minister Awaas Yojna- options for making housing for all a distinct reality besides defining the technologies which government of India has used in its 6 lighthouse housing projects across India for creating affordable, cost-effective and sustainable affordable housing on mass scale using latest construction technologies
Options for making affordable housing for all a reality in urban India (1)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to briefly dwelling on affordable housing in the context of India- Explaining the role and importance of housing in urban spaces , issues, challenges and roadblock faced and options available for making housing for all a distinct reality
The document discusses the importance of housing and challenges in providing affordable housing in India. It notes that housing is a basic human need but that supply has not kept up with increasing demand, leading to a large shortage. This is exacerbated by rapid urbanization and population growth. As a result, many live in inadequate conditions in slums lacking basic services. It also outlines definitions of affordable housing that consider factors like household income, dwelling size, and housing costs. Key challenges include rising construction costs, scarcity of land, lack of financing options, and outdated policies and regulations.
This document discusses the importance of affordable housing and challenges in providing it. It notes that housing is essential to human dignity and quality of life but remains out of reach for many globally and in India specifically. The document outlines factors that determine housing affordability and examines demographic trends driving increased housing needs in India. It identifies challenges like rising costs, shortage of developable land, and issues that create roadblocks. The document proposes several strategies to promote affordable housing development at scale, such as improving land access, streamlining approvals, using new construction technologies, and rationalizing government costs.
Presentation is an attempt to define agenda for making housing cost-effective through designing, construction, materials and designing green buildings. Paper also looks at the making buildings cost-effective over entire life cycle of the buildings rather than initial cost.
Constituting the second largest rural system in the world,with number of villages placed at 6.4 lakh accounting for 68.8% of national population,Planning of villages pose greatest challenege to the planners, professionals and authorities involved in the planning and develeopment of these villages to make them vibrant, productive, generator of wealth and provider of employment and shelter. Presentataion tries to showcase the strategies, which can put in place to make village more productive.
Sourcing Land for Housing the Urban Poor in IndiaJitKumarGupta1
Sourcing land for housing remains the most challenging task for all agencies involved in providing shelter for marginalized sections of society. Challenge remains most formidable in the case of India, housing more than 17.3% global population and occupying merely a physical space of only 2.4%. India ranks high among the land stressed country, globally among nations. Housing is known to be largest consumer of land in the domain of both urban and rural settlements. Considering the high prevailing cost of land and large speculation to which urban land is subjected to, creating cost-effective and affordable housing remains most challenging task. Housing remains one of the most critical and dynamic entities related to human living, always evolving and devolving, never static, never definitive, ever dynamic, always changing and never decreasing .Housing strategies for the urban poor need a holistic and multi-pronged approach involving; ensuring adequate supply of serviced land at most affordable price; making land market operationally efficient and socially just; rationalizing the urban planning and development process; making informal sector integral part of urban planning / development; rationalizing land related legal framework governing land ; actively involving private and co-operative sectors ; creating an effective/efficient urban land information and management system; rationalizing the process/ cost of land transactions; minimizing the charges/ fees levied in the land transactions; minimizing time scale for sourcing land; making optimum use of available land; identifying right beneficiaries etc
Ongoing crisis of pandemic,Covid19, has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of cities and migrants in the face of lockdown, when majority of urban migrant workforce, left cities to go back to their native places, despite all odds and hardships; clearly establishing the context, role/ importance of shelter in not only rationalizing growth/development of cities but also creating ownership among its citizens. It has also clearly demonstrated the necessity of providing adequate housing to all the urban residents, if the cities are to be made safe, resilient, sustainable and livable.
Housing remains one of the most critical and dynamic entities related to human living, always evolving and devolving, never static, never definitive, ever dynamic, always changing and never decreasing .Housing strategies for the urban poor need a holistic and multi-pronged approach involving; ensuring adequate supply of serviced land at most affordable price in equitable and sustainable manner; making land market operationally efficient and socially just; rationalizing the urban planning and development process; making informal sector integral part of urban planning and development; rationalizing the existing legal framework governing land and its management; changing role of parastatal agencies from providers to enablers; actively involving private and co-operative sectors in sourcing land and creating shelter; creating an effective and efficient urban land information and management system; rationalizing the process and cost of land transactions; minimizing the charges and fees levied in the land transactions; minimizing time scale for sourcing land; making optimum use of available land; identifying right beneficiaries etc Looking at the quality of life and adversities human beings faced, without an assured and permanent shelter, during the ongoing crisis of pandemic,Covid19, has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of cities and migrants in the face of lockdown, when majority of urban migrant workforce, without having any shelter, had no option but to leave cities to go back to their native places, despite all odds and hardships. This clearly established the context, role and importance of shelter in not only rationalizing growth and development of cities but also creating ownership among its citizens. It has also clearly demonstrated the necessity of providing adequate housing to all the urban residents, if the cities are to be made safe, resilient, sustainable and livable.
The document discusses village planning for sustainable development in India. It provides background on India's growing population, with a large majority living in rural areas. Rural areas face many issues like poverty, lack of infrastructure and services, and dependence on agriculture. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 established Panchayati Raj, a 3-tier rural local government system, to empower and involve local communities in planning and development. This was aimed at more effective implementation of programs and decentralization.
Options for making affordable housing for all a reality in urban India (1)JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation tries to briefly dwelling on affordable housing in the context of India- Explaining the role and importance of housing in urban spaces , issues, challenges and roadblock faced and options available for making housing for all a distinct reality
The document discusses the importance of housing and challenges in providing affordable housing in India. It notes that housing is a basic human need but that supply has not kept up with increasing demand, leading to a large shortage. This is exacerbated by rapid urbanization and population growth. As a result, many live in inadequate conditions in slums lacking basic services. It also outlines definitions of affordable housing that consider factors like household income, dwelling size, and housing costs. Key challenges include rising construction costs, scarcity of land, lack of financing options, and outdated policies and regulations.
This document discusses the importance of affordable housing and challenges in providing it. It notes that housing is essential to human dignity and quality of life but remains out of reach for many globally and in India specifically. The document outlines factors that determine housing affordability and examines demographic trends driving increased housing needs in India. It identifies challenges like rising costs, shortage of developable land, and issues that create roadblocks. The document proposes several strategies to promote affordable housing development at scale, such as improving land access, streamlining approvals, using new construction technologies, and rationalizing government costs.
Presentation is an attempt to define agenda for making housing cost-effective through designing, construction, materials and designing green buildings. Paper also looks at the making buildings cost-effective over entire life cycle of the buildings rather than initial cost.
Constituting the second largest rural system in the world,with number of villages placed at 6.4 lakh accounting for 68.8% of national population,Planning of villages pose greatest challenege to the planners, professionals and authorities involved in the planning and develeopment of these villages to make them vibrant, productive, generator of wealth and provider of employment and shelter. Presentataion tries to showcase the strategies, which can put in place to make village more productive.
Sourcing Land for Housing the Urban Poor in IndiaJitKumarGupta1
Sourcing land for housing remains the most challenging task for all agencies involved in providing shelter for marginalized sections of society. Challenge remains most formidable in the case of India, housing more than 17.3% global population and occupying merely a physical space of only 2.4%. India ranks high among the land stressed country, globally among nations. Housing is known to be largest consumer of land in the domain of both urban and rural settlements. Considering the high prevailing cost of land and large speculation to which urban land is subjected to, creating cost-effective and affordable housing remains most challenging task. Housing remains one of the most critical and dynamic entities related to human living, always evolving and devolving, never static, never definitive, ever dynamic, always changing and never decreasing .Housing strategies for the urban poor need a holistic and multi-pronged approach involving; ensuring adequate supply of serviced land at most affordable price; making land market operationally efficient and socially just; rationalizing the urban planning and development process; making informal sector integral part of urban planning / development; rationalizing land related legal framework governing land ; actively involving private and co-operative sectors ; creating an effective/efficient urban land information and management system; rationalizing the process/ cost of land transactions; minimizing the charges/ fees levied in the land transactions; minimizing time scale for sourcing land; making optimum use of available land; identifying right beneficiaries etc
Ongoing crisis of pandemic,Covid19, has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of cities and migrants in the face of lockdown, when majority of urban migrant workforce, left cities to go back to their native places, despite all odds and hardships; clearly establishing the context, role/ importance of shelter in not only rationalizing growth/development of cities but also creating ownership among its citizens. It has also clearly demonstrated the necessity of providing adequate housing to all the urban residents, if the cities are to be made safe, resilient, sustainable and livable.
Housing remains one of the most critical and dynamic entities related to human living, always evolving and devolving, never static, never definitive, ever dynamic, always changing and never decreasing .Housing strategies for the urban poor need a holistic and multi-pronged approach involving; ensuring adequate supply of serviced land at most affordable price in equitable and sustainable manner; making land market operationally efficient and socially just; rationalizing the urban planning and development process; making informal sector integral part of urban planning and development; rationalizing the existing legal framework governing land and its management; changing role of parastatal agencies from providers to enablers; actively involving private and co-operative sectors in sourcing land and creating shelter; creating an effective and efficient urban land information and management system; rationalizing the process and cost of land transactions; minimizing the charges and fees levied in the land transactions; minimizing time scale for sourcing land; making optimum use of available land; identifying right beneficiaries etc Looking at the quality of life and adversities human beings faced, without an assured and permanent shelter, during the ongoing crisis of pandemic,Covid19, has clearly demonstrated the vulnerability of cities and migrants in the face of lockdown, when majority of urban migrant workforce, without having any shelter, had no option but to leave cities to go back to their native places, despite all odds and hardships. This clearly established the context, role and importance of shelter in not only rationalizing growth and development of cities but also creating ownership among its citizens. It has also clearly demonstrated the necessity of providing adequate housing to all the urban residents, if the cities are to be made safe, resilient, sustainable and livable.
The document discusses village planning for sustainable development in India. It provides background on India's growing population, with a large majority living in rural areas. Rural areas face many issues like poverty, lack of infrastructure and services, and dependence on agriculture. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 established Panchayati Raj, a 3-tier rural local government system, to empower and involve local communities in planning and development. This was aimed at more effective implementation of programs and decentralization.
Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document summarizes the key issues around affordable housing in India. It notes that rapid urbanization is concentrating populations in urban areas and driving up housing costs. As a result, over 60 million urban Indians live in slums or informal settlements lacking basic amenities. The document estimates a shortage of over 30 million homes by 2020, with the vast majority of the shortage being in affordable housing for low-income groups. It identifies the major challenges to developing affordable housing as the high cost of land, rising construction costs, high government fees and charges, rigid land use planning, and irrational building regulations that restrict density.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
This document provides information about population growth trends globally and in India. It discusses India's rising population, with projections that India will become the most populated country by 2036. It also examines population distribution in India between rural and urban areas. The document outlines problems faced in rural India like poverty, lack of infrastructure and services. It emphasizes the importance of rural areas and villages for India's growth and addresses the need for village planning to provide basic amenities and livelihood opportunities. The document proposes a methodology for participatory village planning involving surveys, consultation with residents, and preparation of a development plan addressing issues like housing, water, sanitation, roads and community facilities.
Poverty remans the greatest curse on humanity . Getting out of poverty would require empowering human beings through skilling and education, providing opportunities to explore options for employment, making available resources and holding hand for alleviating poverty. Presentation focus on how to leverage urban planning in empowering urbanites to overcome poverty.
presentation tries to focus on housing, its role and importance for communities and also how it can be made cost- effective in the background of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna
The challenges-in-affordable-housing-for-urban-poor-in-india-deciphering-the-...kanwargaurav3
This document discusses challenges in providing affordable housing for the urban poor in India and analyzes the government's "Housing for All by 2022" policy. It notes that rapid urbanization has increased housing demand but market forces primarily deliver housing for middle- and high-income groups. As a result, there is a large gap in affordable housing supply for low-income groups. Previous policies like NSDP, BSUP, and RAY aimed to address this through slum upgrading, redevelopment, and public housing but made limited progress. The "Housing for All by 2022" policy continues these approaches through four pillars but faces challenges in implementation. The document aims to evaluate this new policy and recommend improvements to help achieve its
Presentation tries to look at the villages in the Indian Context in terms of their strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and tries to define concepts to make them more productive , liveable and sustainable
Issues and options for housing the urban poor in indiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the current status of Housing in India, roadblocks which are hampering the supply of housing the poor and suggests few strategies for creating housing stock for them to achieve the objective of Housing for All by 2022
Urbanization in India is increasing rapidly and is expected to house 600 million people by 2031, a 59% increase from 2011. However, India currently faces a housing shortage crisis estimated at around 19 million units. Rapid urbanization has overwhelmed infrastructure and basic amenities in Indian cities, and 66 million people lived in slums in 2011. Addressing the massive urban housing shortage requires concerted policy efforts like affordable housing schemes, land reforms, and investments in urban infrastructure to support continued urbanization and economic growth.
National scenario on rehabilitation and resettlement rajnikant
The document discusses rehabilitation and resettlement issues related to development-induced displacement in India. It provides context on the scale of displacement since independence and types of displacement. It then summarizes the key aspects and provisions of India's National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation, 2006, including defining project affected persons, conducting social impact assessments, preparing resettlement plans, grievance redressal mechanisms, and monitoring implementation. Negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of displacement on affected families and communities are also outlined.
The document discusses strategies to address landlessness and improve livelihoods in Odisha's 12th Five Year Plan. It notes the strong correlation between landlessness and poverty. It outlines initiatives in previous five year plans and by the state government to allocate land and provide housing. It suggests the 12th plan focus on allocating land to the landless and homeless and converging agriculture and livelihood programs. A local capacity model is highlighted for efficiently identifying and allocating land to vulnerable groups.
This document outlines Nepal's national shelter policy. It discusses the current housing situation in Nepal, noting that while most dwelling units are in relatively good physical condition, there is overcrowding and a lack of facilities and services. It estimates that 2.5 million new dwelling units will need to be constructed by 2006.
The policy aims to fulfill the constitutional right to shelter, recognize housing's role in poverty alleviation and economic development, and approach housing as an asset rather than just consumption. It seeks to follow principles of financial self-reliance through public-private partnerships and enabling the private sector to play a leading role. The objectives are to facilitate housing production, repair, and standards improvement through measures like land access, infrastructure,
This document discusses slums in India, including statistics on slum populations, definitions of slums, causes of slum proliferation, types of slums, and government measures to address slums. It notes that the 2011 Census found 64 million people living in slums in India, with the largest slum populations in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Slums are defined as dense urban areas lacking adequate housing, sanitation, and security of tenure. Rapid urbanization, migration, and inadequate housing development have contributed to slum growth. National programs aim to improve slum infrastructure, housing, and living conditions.
The document discusses the major housing issues facing the Muslim world and Asia. It notes that over 1 billion Muslims worldwide represent half of the poor on the planet and have an annual housing need of 8 million units, mostly in the low-income segment. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the existing housing shortage. The document outlines country-specific housing challenges and potential solutions such as expanding affordable housing supply and increasing access to housing finance for low-income groups through instruments like housing microfinance.
Housing problems by tauqeer ahmed additional commissioner irTauqeer Malik
presently Governance in Pakistan is promoting housing sector and offering incentives to construction sector. this effort will definitely help the researchers
The document discusses trends in urbanization and rural development in India. Some key points:
- India has a large rural population, which made up 68.9% of the total population in 2011. However, urbanization is increasing rapidly, with urban population growing 15 times over the last century compared to 3.5 times growth in rural population.
- There are over 6.4 lakh villages in India according to the 2011 census, compared to just under 8,000 towns and cities. Villages provide housing for the majority of Indians and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
- Proper development of rural areas is critical for India's overall growth and development. Neglecting villages could
This document discusses housing issues faced by the urban poor and homeless in India, particularly in Delhi. It notes that over 100 million people, or 35% of urban populations, live in slums or destitution below the poverty line without basic amenities. While national policies aim to provide housing for all, the needs of the homeless have not been adequately prioritized. The document estimates there are at least 65 million shelterless people in India based on Census 2001 data, with vast numbers inhabiting cities like Delhi. It argues that more focus is needed on providing housing and basic facilities for the most vulnerable groups, including the homeless.
This document discusses housing and homelessness issues faced by the urban poor in Delhi, India. It notes that millions of marginalized people live in slums or on the streets without basic amenities. National housing policies have focused on providing housing for low-income groups but have largely ignored the homeless population. While night shelter schemes exist, their coverage is limited. The document estimates Delhi's homeless population to be over 100,000 based on various studies but notes this group remains deprived of proper attention or coverage under government schemes.
The document discusses population growth trends in India from 1919 to 2011. Some key points:
- India's population reached 250 million in 1919, 500 million in 1966, 1 billion in 2000, and 1.21 billion in 2011.
- The population grew 5-fold in the last century and is projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2050, with 50% living in urban areas.
- Urban population was 285 million in 2001, growing to 377 million in 2011, located across 7935 towns.
- The document advocates for proper planning and development of villages to sustain India's growth, as villages currently house 69% of India's population and will continue to provide residence for a large population through 2050.
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
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Affordable housing for all in india- Issues and OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document summarizes the key issues around affordable housing in India. It notes that rapid urbanization is concentrating populations in urban areas and driving up housing costs. As a result, over 60 million urban Indians live in slums or informal settlements lacking basic amenities. The document estimates a shortage of over 30 million homes by 2020, with the vast majority of the shortage being in affordable housing for low-income groups. It identifies the major challenges to developing affordable housing as the high cost of land, rising construction costs, high government fees and charges, rigid land use planning, and irrational building regulations that restrict density.
Looking at policy framework, technological innovations,, financial and operational context, affordable housing can become a distinct reality only if all the stakeholders including Governments, parastatal agencies, financial institutions, private sector, builders, developers, colonizers, industry, beneficiaries, NGC/CBO and professionals including Architects / Engineers/Planners etc are brought on common platform. For achieving the goal government need to incentivise supply side and remove all roadblocks. Role of parastatal agencies shall be that of facilitators rather than provider with key responsibility given to the private and co-operative sectors. Reform linked policy framework; calling for making land market effective and efficient; rationalising government levies/fees/taxes; incentivising industries involved in producing pre-fabricated components and making building materials from waste; providing housing loans at concessional and affordable rates with flexible options of repayment; making landowners active partners in creating affordable housing on a mass scale; bridging gap between demand and supply sides; bringing enablers, providers and executors on the same platform; making all stakeholders work in a concerted/committed manner, would be critical in making affordable housing a distinct reality in the Indian context. Affordable housing can be effectively leveraged to create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants; revitalize Indian industry; promote economy; achieving high growth rate and marginalize poverty in urban India. Housing, as a sector, can help making urban centres inclusive, resilient, smart , more productive, more effective, highly efficient, healthier, better habitable, better organized, well planned and more sustainable with assured quality of life. It is hoped, Pradhan Mantri Shehri Awaas Yojna, launched by the Government of India in 2015 , for constructing 10 million housing in urban areas by 2022, will usher a new era of providing housing for all besides creating adequate stock for rental housing and bringing new technologies and innovations to make available affordable housing to all targeted beneficiaries a distinct reality
This document provides information about population growth trends globally and in India. It discusses India's rising population, with projections that India will become the most populated country by 2036. It also examines population distribution in India between rural and urban areas. The document outlines problems faced in rural India like poverty, lack of infrastructure and services. It emphasizes the importance of rural areas and villages for India's growth and addresses the need for village planning to provide basic amenities and livelihood opportunities. The document proposes a methodology for participatory village planning involving surveys, consultation with residents, and preparation of a development plan addressing issues like housing, water, sanitation, roads and community facilities.
Poverty remans the greatest curse on humanity . Getting out of poverty would require empowering human beings through skilling and education, providing opportunities to explore options for employment, making available resources and holding hand for alleviating poverty. Presentation focus on how to leverage urban planning in empowering urbanites to overcome poverty.
presentation tries to focus on housing, its role and importance for communities and also how it can be made cost- effective in the background of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna
The challenges-in-affordable-housing-for-urban-poor-in-india-deciphering-the-...kanwargaurav3
This document discusses challenges in providing affordable housing for the urban poor in India and analyzes the government's "Housing for All by 2022" policy. It notes that rapid urbanization has increased housing demand but market forces primarily deliver housing for middle- and high-income groups. As a result, there is a large gap in affordable housing supply for low-income groups. Previous policies like NSDP, BSUP, and RAY aimed to address this through slum upgrading, redevelopment, and public housing but made limited progress. The "Housing for All by 2022" policy continues these approaches through four pillars but faces challenges in implementation. The document aims to evaluate this new policy and recommend improvements to help achieve its
Presentation tries to look at the villages in the Indian Context in terms of their strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and tries to define concepts to make them more productive , liveable and sustainable
Issues and options for housing the urban poor in indiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper looks at the current status of Housing in India, roadblocks which are hampering the supply of housing the poor and suggests few strategies for creating housing stock for them to achieve the objective of Housing for All by 2022
Urbanization in India is increasing rapidly and is expected to house 600 million people by 2031, a 59% increase from 2011. However, India currently faces a housing shortage crisis estimated at around 19 million units. Rapid urbanization has overwhelmed infrastructure and basic amenities in Indian cities, and 66 million people lived in slums in 2011. Addressing the massive urban housing shortage requires concerted policy efforts like affordable housing schemes, land reforms, and investments in urban infrastructure to support continued urbanization and economic growth.
National scenario on rehabilitation and resettlement rajnikant
The document discusses rehabilitation and resettlement issues related to development-induced displacement in India. It provides context on the scale of displacement since independence and types of displacement. It then summarizes the key aspects and provisions of India's National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation, 2006, including defining project affected persons, conducting social impact assessments, preparing resettlement plans, grievance redressal mechanisms, and monitoring implementation. Negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of displacement on affected families and communities are also outlined.
The document discusses strategies to address landlessness and improve livelihoods in Odisha's 12th Five Year Plan. It notes the strong correlation between landlessness and poverty. It outlines initiatives in previous five year plans and by the state government to allocate land and provide housing. It suggests the 12th plan focus on allocating land to the landless and homeless and converging agriculture and livelihood programs. A local capacity model is highlighted for efficiently identifying and allocating land to vulnerable groups.
This document outlines Nepal's national shelter policy. It discusses the current housing situation in Nepal, noting that while most dwelling units are in relatively good physical condition, there is overcrowding and a lack of facilities and services. It estimates that 2.5 million new dwelling units will need to be constructed by 2006.
The policy aims to fulfill the constitutional right to shelter, recognize housing's role in poverty alleviation and economic development, and approach housing as an asset rather than just consumption. It seeks to follow principles of financial self-reliance through public-private partnerships and enabling the private sector to play a leading role. The objectives are to facilitate housing production, repair, and standards improvement through measures like land access, infrastructure,
This document discusses slums in India, including statistics on slum populations, definitions of slums, causes of slum proliferation, types of slums, and government measures to address slums. It notes that the 2011 Census found 64 million people living in slums in India, with the largest slum populations in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. Slums are defined as dense urban areas lacking adequate housing, sanitation, and security of tenure. Rapid urbanization, migration, and inadequate housing development have contributed to slum growth. National programs aim to improve slum infrastructure, housing, and living conditions.
The document discusses the major housing issues facing the Muslim world and Asia. It notes that over 1 billion Muslims worldwide represent half of the poor on the planet and have an annual housing need of 8 million units, mostly in the low-income segment. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the existing housing shortage. The document outlines country-specific housing challenges and potential solutions such as expanding affordable housing supply and increasing access to housing finance for low-income groups through instruments like housing microfinance.
Housing problems by tauqeer ahmed additional commissioner irTauqeer Malik
presently Governance in Pakistan is promoting housing sector and offering incentives to construction sector. this effort will definitely help the researchers
The document discusses trends in urbanization and rural development in India. Some key points:
- India has a large rural population, which made up 68.9% of the total population in 2011. However, urbanization is increasing rapidly, with urban population growing 15 times over the last century compared to 3.5 times growth in rural population.
- There are over 6.4 lakh villages in India according to the 2011 census, compared to just under 8,000 towns and cities. Villages provide housing for the majority of Indians and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
- Proper development of rural areas is critical for India's overall growth and development. Neglecting villages could
This document discusses housing issues faced by the urban poor and homeless in India, particularly in Delhi. It notes that over 100 million people, or 35% of urban populations, live in slums or destitution below the poverty line without basic amenities. While national policies aim to provide housing for all, the needs of the homeless have not been adequately prioritized. The document estimates there are at least 65 million shelterless people in India based on Census 2001 data, with vast numbers inhabiting cities like Delhi. It argues that more focus is needed on providing housing and basic facilities for the most vulnerable groups, including the homeless.
This document discusses housing and homelessness issues faced by the urban poor in Delhi, India. It notes that millions of marginalized people live in slums or on the streets without basic amenities. National housing policies have focused on providing housing for low-income groups but have largely ignored the homeless population. While night shelter schemes exist, their coverage is limited. The document estimates Delhi's homeless population to be over 100,000 based on various studies but notes this group remains deprived of proper attention or coverage under government schemes.
The document discusses population growth trends in India from 1919 to 2011. Some key points:
- India's population reached 250 million in 1919, 500 million in 1966, 1 billion in 2000, and 1.21 billion in 2011.
- The population grew 5-fold in the last century and is projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2050, with 50% living in urban areas.
- Urban population was 285 million in 2001, growing to 377 million in 2011, located across 7935 towns.
- The document advocates for proper planning and development of villages to sustain India's growth, as villages currently house 69% of India's population and will continue to provide residence for a large population through 2050.
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Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Discovering the Best Indian Architects A Spotlight on Design Forum Internatio...Designforuminternational
India’s architectural landscape is a vibrant tapestry that weaves together the country's rich cultural heritage and its modern aspirations. From majestic historical structures to cutting-edge contemporary designs, the work of Indian architects is celebrated worldwide. Among the many firms shaping this dynamic field, Design Forum International stands out as a leader in innovative and sustainable architecture. This blog explores some of the best Indian architects, highlighting their contributions and showcasing the most famous architects in India.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
Best Digital Marketing Strategy Build Your Online Presence 2024.pptxpavankumarpayexelsol
This presentation provides a comprehensive guide to the best digital marketing strategies for 2024, focusing on enhancing your online presence. Key topics include understanding and targeting your audience, building a user-friendly and mobile-responsive website, leveraging the power of social media platforms, optimizing content for search engines, and using email marketing to foster direct engagement. By adopting these strategies, you can increase brand visibility, drive traffic, generate leads, and ultimately boost sales, ensuring your business thrives in the competitive digital landscape.
International Upcycling Research Network advisory board meeting 4Kyungeun Sung
Slides used for the International Upcycling Research Network advisory board 4 (last one). The project is based at De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, and funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
3. Role and importance of Housing
• Housing - Remains basic human necessity:
• Housing- has numerous physical, social /economic implications
• Housing -known for providing identity, security, safety & quality of life,
• Housing --remain positively linked with overall human/national development—
• Housing -Enables enjoyment of numerous economic, social & cultural rights.
Housing -Empowers poor ; securing active participation in national building
Housing –Empower people to perform better -compared to without Housing.
Housing – Reduces pressure on healthcare services by senior citizens,
Housing –Provides greatest security against unforeseen calamities
Housing - Rationalises growth / orderly development of a city/community/society.
• Housing - & Real estate sector contributed 9% to India’s GDP-employs 16% work force
• Housing-multiplier effect on generating wealth, promoting economy
Housing -Promotes Industrialization/economy
- involving more than 290 industries
Housing- Provide large employment opportunities - to rural/urban workforce-skilled /unskilled.
• Housing-- Contributes to Local Government Finance
• -- Helps Labor-Intensive Domestic Production
• -- Create Stimulation for Small Business
• -- Promote Home-Based Income Opportunities
4. Role and importance of Housing
• Housing-provides space for family - for interacting, playing,
studying, learning
• Housing- Promotes public good - creating a healthy, vibrant and
productive society.
Housing- Shapes any society, its quality, culture , economy
Housing- key to restoring personal security, self-sufficiency/
dignity.
Housing- index of growth, development ; welfare of a society.
Housing- Closely associated with disease conditions & higher
mortality/ morbidity rates. (WHO)
Housing- Space where more than 1/3 rd of human life span spent.
Housing- during pandemics, Covid-19- provided space for,
working, education, healthcare .
Housing- Major planning, development , management component
in a city,
Housing- Occupying largest proportion of land in city
Housing-- Having largest count among buildings in city
Housing- Defining its personality/culture..
5. Role and importance of Housing
• Housing--Promotes Development of Land / Real Estate
Systems
Housing--accounts for largest investment in any city.
Housing- majority of intra-city travel/trips originate & terminate
in housing.
Housing- remains focus of all human activities
Housing-Demand never static- remains dynamic- ever evolving-
devolving,
Housing- Remains in short supply
-Large gap exists between demand & supply
-- Considering multiple dimensions/ implications of
housing – in terms of Physical, social, economic,
environmental and human living
- - providing housing to all sections of population
emerged --as priority for all communities /societies/
states/ nations.
7. Housing as a Right
Considering importance & context of housing - UN called for accepting
Shelter as a basic human Right— ;
----UN Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976),/ The Habitat Agenda
21 (1992), Agenda 1996--UN Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000
(1988)--- describes;.
-- Right to adequate housing universally recognised by community of nations
...All nations -- have some form of obligation in shelter sector
--exemplified by their --creation of ministries-- Creating housing agencies
--- allocation of funds to housing sector, - Specifying policies -
programme and projects --
Citizens of all States -- how poor they may be
-- have a right to expect their Governments
-- to be concerned about their shelter needs, and
-- to accept a fundamental obligation to
-- protect /improve houses and neighborhoods,
--rather than damage/destroy them.
8. Housing Status
. UNHS finds ,
Globally only 13% world’s cities (195) have affordable
housing-- 2014
McKinsey estimated;
-- 330 million urban households-- living in substandard
housing /financially stretched by housing costs
-- number likely rise to
-- 440 mhh /1.6 billion people, by 2025 and
-- 2.5 billion people by 2050.
Africa-- over 50% - population live in sub-standard
conditions
India/China-- nearly 25%- population live in informal
settlements
10. Population Scenario- India-2011
Housing problem-- an interplay of factors involving—
Population, Urbanization, Migration, Poverty& family pattern
Population of India reached
250 million in 1919
500 million in 1966 (47 yrs. Later)
1000 million in 2000 ( 34 yrs. Later)
1027 million in 2001 (1yr Later)
1210 million in 2011 (10 yrs. Later)
1441 million in 2023 ( 12 years later)
2050- Indian population- 1600 mil. -50% in Urban India.
Metropolitan Centers -5 (1951)- -53 (2011)-68(2031)
10 m plus- nil (1951)- 3 (2011) -7 (2031)-9 (2051
Urban India --first time added more persons(91m) than
Rural India (90m) - decade- 2001-2011
During last 100 years, India witnessed—
- -Urbanization level X 3 times
- --Urban settlements X 4 times
- --Total Population X 5 times
- -Rural population X 3.5 times
- - Urban population X 15 times
12. Various Five Year Plans
Five Year Plans formulated
focused on -launching programs and
policies
– for promoting housing for all in
general &
for poor in particular
-National Housing policy-1988,
National Housing Policy, 1994,
National Housing & Habitat Policy, 1998
NationalUrban Housing & Habitat Policy,
2007
13. Programmes Focus
Slum Clearance and Improvement Scheme
1959
Focus on clearance
Environment Improvement of Urban Slums -
EIUS 1972
Focus on environmental improvement,
provision of taps, hand pumps, street lights,
toilets, etc.
Minimum Needs Programme- 1975 Provision of basic services for slum dwellers
Urban Community Development- 1985 Focus on involving communities,-- funding
from ODA, UK Govt.
Urban Basic Services -1985 Focus on provision of civic services--, funding
from UNICEF
National Slum Development Programme - NSDP
1996
Additional Central Assistance to state
governments for slum improvement
Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana - VAMBAY - 2001 Provisioning houses for slum dwellers below
poverty line ( BPL ), central scheme with
50:50
JNNURM Mission II – Basic Services for Urban
Poor BSUP --2006
Built Housing Units with services for slum
dwellers
Rajiv Awas Yojana RAY -- 2010 Full city approach, slum free city plan,
variety of components, flexible in nature
14. First Urban Focussed National Housing
& Habitat Policy (NUHHP) aiming at:
1. `Providing Affordable Housing for All
2. With focus on Urban Poor.
3. Using ‘Regional Approach’
4. Government Role -- ‘facilitator’&
‘regulator.
5. Involving Private sector ’
6. Earmarking dedicated land for
EWS/LIG groups in new housing projects
7. Retaining Governments role in
social housing
8 making available affordable housing
for EWS / LIG categories -- on
ownership / rental basis
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy-
2007
16. Housing Shortage-10th FYP
Housing perpetually in shortage
Demand always chasing Supply
Housing demand always evolving- never
static
Technical Group set up MHUPA--, estimated
Urban housing shortage at 24.71 mdu
-- end of 10th Five Year Plan
-- for 66.30 million urban HH
Group estimated :
--88% shortage - EWS category
-- 11% in LIG whereas
-- MIG/HIG shortage -- merely 0.04 million
dwelling units.
Housing shortage in different categories :
- ---99.9% of total EWS,
--10.5% in LIG
--0.2% in MIG/HIG categories
17. Housing Shortage-11th FYP
Technical Committee also found (MOHPA)-
• 1. Housing Shortage at 26.53 mhh in 2012.
• 2. 2.56 mhh living in non-serviceable/ katcha
houses
• 3. additional requirement of du-- 1.82 mdu
• 4. Following current trend of increase in backlog
- 34 million houses -- required by year 2022 for
•-- achieving national goal of affordable shelter
for all.
6 Highest shortage in UP-3.07 million du
18.
19. Vacant Houses
-- Number of vacant houses in India –
24.7 million (13.6 million rural and 11.1 million urban),
-- Every sixth urban house in India vacant or
-- 90% of number of rented houses in country- --2011 census figures,
Delhi 9.60 percent
Mumbai 10.00 percent
Kolkata 06.60 percent
Chennai 03.32 percent
Jaipur 13.78 percent
Raipur 1.19 percent
Bhopal 13.51 percent
Ahmedabad 12.17 percent
Surat 14.60 percent
Rajkot 13.42 percent
Pune 17.87 percent
Nashik 15.14 percent
Bangalore 10.36 percent
Kochi 13.85 percent
Housing
Shortage
Vacant
Houses
21. Slum & Non-Slum HHs India 2011
Compact area of at least 300 population or about 60-70 households of --poorly
built congested tenements,-- in unhygienic environment-- usually with inadequate
infrastructure -- lacking in proper sanitary and-- drinking water facilities.
Indicator
Number of
households
(in lakh)
Total (Urban) 789
Slum 137
Non-Slum 652
Number of households (in %)
Slum 17.4
Non-Slum 82.6
22. Increasing Deprivation
In year 2001, India had 523.7 lakh
slum dwellers
In year 2011, India had 654.9 lakh
slum dwellers
25.1 percent decadal growth rate of
slum dwellers
23. Increasing Spatial Spread of Slums
Yr 2001--
1,743 towns
in India
reported
Slums
Yr 2011,
2,613 towns
in India
reported
Slums
Yr 2021 ?
24.
25.
26. • Supply of shelter not kept pace with demand
• Situation worsening due to:
increasing number of migrants.
Pressure on land, urban services /infrastructures
Growth of slums and squatter settlements
• growth of slums a sign of :
inability to afford land / shelter through market and
failure to ensure equitable access to the poor.
• As per Census 2001:
42.6 million ( 23.1%) people living in slums -spread over 640 towns.
24.1 % population in 27 metro cities in declared slums
Bombay (54.1%) and Kolkata (32.5%) recording higher proportions.
•Slums suffer from
absence of adequate water supply,
disposal of human waste
40 % without access to safe drinking water and
over 90 % without access to safe sanitation.
•Slums constitute major chunk of urban population
In future
INDIAN HOUSING SCENARIO
33. Defining Affordability
Housing-Remains cost/time-intensive- perpetually in short supply
-Affordable Housing as a concept/ opportunity/large demand --
attracting attention of Providers / Developers
--Affordability difficult to define precisely
- vested with large variables involving--
- Cost, Quality ; Area/Volume of dwelling unit ,
Cost of living, family income, Savings, EMI ,
Support services, infrastructure,
O&M expenditure , Time/cost of travel to workplace, etc.
1.UNHABITAT--Affordable housing as-- “housing ---which is adequate in
quality and location and-- does not cost so much that -- it prohibits its
occupants from meeting other basic living costs- or threatens their enjoyment
of basic human rights”
2.‘RICS’ Report- on Making Urban Housing Work in India’-defines
affordability as;-:provision of ‘adequate shelter’ --- on sustainable basis,--
ensuring security of tenure-and within means of common urban households.
Affordable Housing -which is provided to those -whose needs are not met
by open market
34. Affordable Housing
3. KPMG Report on Affordable Housing- A key Growth
Driver in the Real Estate Sector’ -- defined Affordable
Housing in three main parameters
income
size of dwelling unit
affordability
4. US Department of Housing and Urban Development
defines, housing affordability in terms of
-expenditure of household on housing as proportion
of annual income - should not exceed 30% of total
income.
35. Affordable Housing
5. Task Force on Affordable Housing set up by Ministry of Housing and Poverty
Alleviation, 2008, has defined affordable housing in terms of;
size of dwelling and
household income
6. JnNURM Mission has defined affordable housing in terms of:
-- size of dwelling units –
super built up area/carpet area
-- EMI/Rent-- not exceeding 30-40% of gross monthly income of buyer.
7 Under PMAY
. An all weather single unit or a unit-- in a multi-storeyed super structure --
having carpet area of up to 30 sq. m.-- with adequate basic civic services/
infrastructure like toilet, water, electricity etc.
States -- to determine area of EWS
-- with ceiling of 30/60 sq.m of carpet area- as the limit for EWS/LIG
category
- Annual Income not to exceed 3lakh for EWS and 6 lakh for LIG
36. Affordable Housing
8. Jones Lang LaSalle defined affordable housing in terms of
-volume of habitation instead of area
- provision of basic amenities
- cost of house ( including purchase cost / maintenance cost) and
-location of shelter
This definition enlarges scope / dimensions of affordable housing by
::
I.i. Adopting volume based approach instead of area-- providing more
flexibility in designing .
ii. Specifying minimum physical/ social infrastructure -- ensuring quality
of life
iii Making cost of shelter broad based by including-- operational
/maintenance cost for a reasonable period- to actual cost of house.
iv Making project attractive/affordable-- by limiting cost / travel time --
between place of work / place of living
38. Challenges in Affordable Housing
Housing Shortage--Gap between Demand/supply--Ever
widening gap between demand and supply of affordable
housing--.
Rising COST-- costs rising disproportionately to household
incomes, particularly in -lower income households
Scarce Land-- Scarcity of land for affordable housing
Energy poverty--, due to high operational cost and low
household income, high energy prices and poor building
energy efficiency makes housing unaffordable.
Demographic changes-- arising out of,
-- Reduced Household size
-- Rapid Population growth
-- rapid in-migration,
-- Ageing population,.
39. Issues- Affordable Housing
Low availability of developed land
Rising Threshold Cost of Construction
High degree of Government charges
Rigid Land Use Planning
Irrational Building Bye-Laws
Delayed Project approvals
Inadequate Access to Cheaper Housing Finance
Multiplicity of Agencies involved
Outdated Legal Framework
Marginalizing Private Sector
Outdated Construction Technologies
Poor project Management
One Solution Fit All Approach – Focus on Creating ownership
Lack of Research and Development
Absence of Reliable data about Housing stock- Qualitative/quantitative
Absence of Reliable data about Beneficiaries
Large Stock of Vacant Houses
Ignoring Rental Market
Unskilled Manpower
Uncontrolled Urban Sprawl
40. Issues- Land
a) Lack of availability of Urban Land
-- 2.4% of global land and 17.6% of world population,
- India under perpetual shortage of land
Cost of urban land rising rapidly rapid due to—
- urbanization and industrialization,-- speculation
- Irrational legal framework, irrational planning tools and building
bye-laws-- restricting supply of developed urban land
- making shelter highly unaffordable
Major issues leading to shortage of urban land :
i) Excessive parastatal controls on development of land.
ii) Lack of marketable land parcels
iii) High degree of encroachments on public land
iv) Poor land information system
v) Cumbersome legal and procedural framework for sourcing land
vi) Restrictions imposed by planning and development framework
vii) High cost of land & cost of land transactions
42. Issues – Cost, Government Charges
b) Rising Threshold Cost of Construction –
Major contributors include:
-- cost of building materials,
-- cost of labour,
-- cost of transportation
- Government Taxes, levies, fees
c) High degree of Government charges –
Charges levied on housing/ construction-
- constitute substantial proportion of total cost, which include charges/ fee for:
-- licensing of colonies
,-- change of land use,
-- layout approval
-- building plan approvals
-- internal development charges
--external development charges,
-- registration of land
--registration for finished house
.—Labour Cess
43. Issues- Planning, Bye-laws
d) Rigid land use planning –
--Master Plans, Development Plans,
--Controlled Area Plans and Zoning Regulations control
-- mechanism of planning and development
- informal sector / affordable housing-
exclusion from --planning strategies and development options.
e) Irrational Building Bye-Laws and Subdivision Regulations-
-Low Floor Area Ratio
--Low densities
--Low height
--Large Floor Area of dwelling units -----leading to;
- high degree of operational inefficiencies
- underutilization of land
- restricting number of dwelling units
- restricting cost-effective/state of art
--- building materials-- construction technologies.
44. Issues- Approvals, Finance
f) Considerable time taken for approval of projects/
/building plans (16-24months) due to:
-complicated procedures/ cumbersome processes
---large documentation
-large number of agencies involved
-large number of personnels involved
---Lack of Co-ordination among offices/ personnels
--Ambiguous Rules/ Regulations,
--- narrow interpretation
- duplications of processes/procedures
- lack of decentralization of powers
--High degree of corrupt practices
-leading to time over- run/ cost over- run of projects.
g) Lack of access to housing finance
- non- availability of large number of documents involved
-- providing securities
- -proof of assured sources of income
--- permanent residential address
45. Issues- Agencies/Laws, Legal framework
private sector, technologies
h) Multiplicity of agencies and laws involved-- in approval
- working at cross purposes --leading to delay/ cost escalations-- KPMG /NAREDCO
revealed that real estate projects -required to pass through-- 150 tables in 40
departments --Of central/ state urban local bodies before approval is granted.
-.
i) Outdated and irrational legal frame work :-
--Rent Control Act.
j) Low key involvement of Private Sector due to lower order
of profitability
k) Outdated technologies / conventional methods of
construction/ project management:
-leading to wastage
-- delay in construction
-- raising cost of dwelling units.
48. What constitutes Cost of Building
Cost of building includes:
I Cost of land
ii Cost of construction
iii Cost of maintenance
iv Cost of operations
Building cost viewed in both--- long term and short term
Building cost also evaluated -- Initial Cost and Life Time Cost
Short Time cost includes Initial Cost of construction of building
Long Term cost component --- whole life cost.
Whole life cost of building includes:
the initial design cost construction cost,
on-going operations and maintenance cost ,
parts replacement cost disposal cost or salvage value, and
useful life of the system or building
To promote economy in building– Life cycle cost of
building will be critical
49. How to save on Cost of Housing
Housing can be made cost-effective by:
Sourcing land at most competitive price
Adopting optimum Design solutions- architecturally, structurally, Services
etc
Using cost-effective local materials, pre-cast, pre- fabricated , re-cycled
materials , materials requiring minimum maintenance, having longer life
Optimising resources /minimising waste
Using state of art technology in construction -- save on time , labour, space
materials and money
Managing construction in most professional manner- Project management
Using minimum Time for construction / completion of building/project
Designing Green Buildings –to reduce cost of electricity/water and
generating its own energy
Keeping cost of money minimum- based on rates and time
Rationalizing Builders, Contractor margins
Reducing Government levies and fees
51. Sourcing Land for Housing
Land Pooling
Formal Acquisition-THE RIGHT TO FAIR COMPENSATION AND
TRANSPARENCY IN LAND ACQUISITION, REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ACT,
2013
Negotiated Settlement
Densification and Intensification
Transit Oriented Development
Inclusionary Zoning
Mixed Use Development
Green Field Development
Brown Field Development
60. WAY FORWARD--Making Affordable
Housing A Distinct Reality
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining National Urban Housing Policy
Understanding Future Urban Context
Prioritizing Regional Planning
Registering Migrants,
Minimizing Multiple Ownerships
Separating ‘Right to Shelter from Right to Ownership of Shelter
Migrating from Ownership to providing Shelter
Including Housing in Corporate Social Responsibility
Adopting Project Based Approach
Promoting Strong Project Cost-Management
Single Window Clearance
Evolve Innovative Architectural Design
Promoting Affordable living
Reviewing Planning Norms
Changing Housing Typology
Creating Land Development Agency
Creating Land Bank;
Optimum Utilization of Vacant Government Lands
Careful Siting of the affordable housing projects
61. -Making Affordable Housing A Distinct Reality
Using Cost/Energy Efficient Building Technologies- Green Housing
Inventing new Building Materials- Agro /industrial waste based
Creating Building Components on Mass scale
Shifting from Construction to Manufacturing
Adopting Co-operative Based Approach
Promoting Rental housing schemes-Creating Rental Housing/Build to Rent
Using PPP Model
Creating Revolving Fund
Making Housing- Beneficiary- led Program
Bringing Vacant Houses into market
Skilling Manpower/ Promoting R& D
Promoting Start-ups
Rationalizing Government Charges
Empowering ULBs
Addressing Demand/Supply side Challenge
Treating Affordable Housing a volume Game
62. Way Forward-land,
to make affordable housing a reality /to ensure adequate supply on large scale,
following approach is suggested:
i) Making the land market more efficient,
-for making enough land available at lower cost
ii) Permitting construction of houses on periphery /peri-urban area
-with provision of services, infrastructures and transport.
iii) Providing a ‘Single Window Clearance’ of projects on time bound basis.
v) Creating Land Bank
-for constructing affordable housing and
-making available land at competitive price
vi) Promoting strong Project and Cost Management
-to increase speed of construction and
-Reduced cost of construction /Eliminate cost over-runs.
63. Granting Higher Floor Area Ratio
iv) By rationalizing building bye-laws/zoning regulations
- to ensure --optimum utilization of land – providing more built space
- permitting construction of more affordable houses.
64. Way Forward
vii) Promoting Standardization of building components --based on effective design
to promote prefabrication and mass production of components.
viii) Bringing new state of art construction technologies -using cost effective locally
produced building materials --based on industrial waste --to lower down cost of
construction and make buildings green and sustainable.
ix)Long term tie for supply of conventional building materials --including steel,
cement ,tiles etc-- to minimize variations in price/ to ensure assured supply of
materials during project life cycle
x)Promoting large scale projects -Taking up large housing projects with number of
units ranging from 1000-1500 for promoting and achieving economy of scale.
xii) Rationalising/Reducing Government levies/ charges --to minimize their impact
on the housing cost.
In all cases involving affordable housing ,
-- no land use conversion and licensing charges should be levied,
-- building scrutiny fee should be charged @25% of prescribed rates
--whereas EDC should be charged @50% for EWS and@ 75% for other categories.
65. Way Forward
xiii. Adopting project based approach
--For cross-subsidy ---project based approach adopted for creating mass
housing.
--Housing project to be invariably mix of all categories -HIG, MIG besides EWS
and LIG-- to make project viable /self-sustaining.
--Addition of commercial component to help in making project profitable/
attractive /viable
xiv. Single Window Clearance
---For early completion of project
-- avoiding cost escalation
-- to approve projects on time bound basis/ prescribed time frame–
--not exceeding three months
Xv Green Buildings
Designing affordable housing as Green Buildings
- reduces operational cost of house over entire life cycle
--due to reduced energy / water consumption
-- lower generation of waste – making dwellings really cost-effective /
Affordable.
67. Way Forward
xvi. Reducing cost through Innovative and state of art architectural designs involving :
--optimum utilization of land resource,
-promoting high degree of space efficiency
---using high efficiency structural system
--- using cost effective building materials
--cost-effective building technologies/services,
- using pre-cast / pre-fabricated building components
- -- combining/ minimizing public health services
- --avoiding use of lifts
- --using local materials etc.
- -- minimum maintenance and upkeep
xvii. Using locally available building materials
--for promoting cost-effectiveness and utilizing waste.
--government to encourage research /development and promote industries producing
materials from industrial and agricultural waste
-- to increase cost-effective materials/ reduce depletion of non-renewable resources
xviii. Adopting co-operative based approach
Creating co-operative societies of beneficiaries for involving stakeholders/
Sourcing their support /resources for-- creating adequate housing stock, minimising transfer
of units /procuring easy loans from financial institutions.
68. Way Forward
xix Treating Affordable Housing a volume Game
Affordable housing treated not a profit game but a volume game
Creating large housing stock
with minimum cost,
within a short span of 18-24 months
disposing off entire stock within time span of project.
Taking large housing projects with units ranging from 1000-1500 for
promoting economy of scale-- have proved highly successful
xx. Separating ‘Right to Shelter from Right to Ownership of Shelter’
Concept to help in:
-- promoting optimum utilization of available housing stock
-- minimising speculation
-- eliminating transfer of affordable housing to non-beneficiaries/ higher
strata of society
69. Way Forward
xxi Creating Multiple Options for Shelter
Multiple options for affordable shelter needs consideration based on
- shelter requirements,
-- affordability, -- family size,
-- -- marital status,-- type of avocation,-- skill, tenure etc.
Options--Night shelters- mobile housing, bachelor/single
accommodation , rental housing, transit accommodation, hostels etc.
used as options for augmenting shelter/ minimizing quantum of formal
and expensive housing
xxii. Creating Built up Houses for EWS in Private Colonies/Townships
land reserved in private colonies transferred to Housing Board/
Development Authority,
-- mandated to construct affordable houses for identified beneficiaries.
Proportion of affordable housing to be increased
. Reservation made irrespective of size of colony / group housing.
Under PMAY, EWS housing placed at 35% , minimum project size under PPP
model to be 250 house, carpet area limited to 30 sqm, needs to be adopted
/ made integral part of state / local legal framework.
70. Way Forward
xxiii. Siting of the affordable housing projects
Siting with care / caution to ensure project success / viability
Projects constructed not far away from place of work for minimising
travel /travel time/ expenditure on travel.
Making available cost- effective, efficient /reliable public transport ---
critical for acceptability/success of project.
xxiv Providing Essential/ Basic Amenities as Integral Part of Project
Basic amenities involving :
--education,
--healthcare ,
-- recreation ,
-- child care,
-- shopping,
--community centre,
--open spaces etc to make project self- contained and self-sustainable.
71. Way Forward
xxv Formulating well defined, transparent and objective guidelines
Creating a networked system of sharing information, critical /
essential for:
-- identifying right beneficiaries
-- eliminating speculators,
-- minimising multiple ownership and
-- illegal transfer/ sale of units at the local ,state and national level..
xxvii. Creating Revolving Fund
--Promoting easy access to institutional finance at affordable cost
--Creating a dedicated Revolving Fund at national /state level
-- contributions to bemade by central / state governments/ urban
local bodies/ development authorities / assistance provided under
sponsored schemes,.
xxviii. Involving Beneficiaries
Involving beneficiaries – both in cash/ kind -- critical for success of
project involving slum up-gradation /provision of shelter.
72. Way Forward
xxix Creating JV or PPP –Adopting West Bengal Model-with
Government agencies providing land where approvals already
in place.
-Limiting time for construction - 12-18 months --
Lowering cost of construction below Rs.1000/- per sq. ft.
ensure 100% sale within a short span
High sale/ volume of project.
xxx Involving enablers, providers and executor to work in a
united /single platform
xxxi Eliminating speculator investors
xxxii Including mass housing / affordable housing zones
in city plans/develop them on a time bound basis.
xxxiii Promoting rental housing schemes in urban areas.
73. Way Forward
xxxii. Identifying constraints on demand side and supply side
-- find out strategies to overcome them
--adopting collaborative approach to promote synergies
xxxiii. Demand- side constraints removal requires
- Identifying right beneficiaries.
- Innovating micro-mortgage financing mechanism to ensure a larger reach
xxxiv. Supply side constraints removal requires –Developers believe -
i) Providing incentives for constructing affordable housing on mass scale
ii) Rationalizing building bye-laws / zoning regulations
iii) Providing higher density extra-FSI
Iv ) Streamlining land records – for improving urban planning / optimization of land
utilization.
v) Making land market more effective and efficient by:
- computerization of land records
- creating a urban land data base using GIS
- making data base of all urban lands
- creating efficient and effective dispute redressal mechanism
- -- proper implementation of master plan.-
74. Way Forward
Developers believe that-- if Government removes
roadblocks- segment would move to fast track by
i. Making Project and cost management very strong.
ii. Improving/using state of art technologies
iii Reducing Timeframe for construction =
iv Using Economies of scale
iv Designing Dwelling unit with care
v. Standardising Housing units/components
vi. Developing standard product
vii. Rationalising Government charges
viii Making available Off the table developed Land with all
approvals/clearances
76. PMAY- Mission Scope& Coverage
Scope---Housing for All” Mission for urban area
To be implemented during 2015-2022
providing assistance for houses to eligible families
Implemented as Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS)
family not to own a pucca house in any part of India
States/UTs, to decide a cut-off date-
for identifying beneficiaries eligible under scheme.
Mission effective from 17.06.2015 up to 31.03.2022- extended upto 31st
December 2024
2. Coverage and Duration
All 4041 statutory towns as per Census 2011 with focus on 500 Class I
cities covered in three phases as follows:
• Phase I (April 2015 - March 2017) to cover 100 Cities selected from
States/UTs
• Phase II (April 2017 - March 2019) to cover additional 200 Cities
• Phase III (April 2019 - March 2022) to cover all other remaining Cities
Flexibility regarding inclusion of additional cities in earlier phases in case
there is a resource backed demand from States/UTs.
78. In-Situ Slum Redevelopment
Private partner for redevelopment-- selected thru’ transparent bidding
process
Incentivizing through- additional density/FAR/TDR to be given if
required to make project viable
Grant-- of Rs. 1 lakh/house for eligible slum dwellers on public land
Eligibility,-- cut off dates, beneficiary contribution, system of
allotment, etc. --decided by State
All tenable slums-- to be identified
Viable project prepared-- with REHAB component and FREE SALE
component
Consultations to be held with beneficiaries
--Transit accommodation to be provided
FREE SALE component -- linked to project completion
Govt. agency to make allotments
Single project account --Approval process to be streamlined
79. Credit Linked Subsidy
Credit linked subsidy on home loans - EWS/ LIG,
MIG-I and (MIG)-II
interest subsidy allowed- of 6.5%, 4% and 3% on
loan amount up to Rs. 6 Lakh, Rs. 9 Lakh and Rs.
12 Lakh respectively
EWS 30 sq.m. and LIG 60 sq.m. carpet area
Subsidy channelised thru’ HUDCO/NHB/SBI
PLIs to register with HUDCO/NHB/SBI
Beneficiary identification thru’ Aadhar/Voter ID
etc.
Self certification/Affidavit as proof of income
80. Affordable Housing in Partnership
Financial assistance for EWS housing projects
Central assistance @ Rs.1.5 lakhs / EWS house
Sale price to be decided by local agencies based on
affordability, viability, etc.
Other concessions can also be given by states.
Project can be a mix of various income groups but
at least 35 percent EWS houses.
Projects can be by public sector alone or in
partnership with private sector.
81. Beneficiary Led Individual House
Construction / Enhancement
To assist individual EWS families
Central assistance of Rs.1.5 lakhs
New house or improvement
Based on integrated city wide
housing project for such individual
beneficiaries
Progress tracking with geo-tagging
Central Assistance- released through Direct Benefit
Transfer (DBT) by States/UTs.
82. Affordable Rental Housing Complexes
(ARHCs) for Migrant Workers/ Urban Poor
COVID-19 pandemic led to-
-- reverse migration of urban migrants/ poor
-- to save cost on housing.
- Need decent rental housing at affordable rate near work
sites.
Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs initiated;
- Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs)
under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U).
-To provide ease of living to- urban migrants/ poor in
Industrial Sector/ non-formal urban economy
- dignified affordable rental housing close to workplace
-- ARHC scheme to be- implemented through two models:
i. Utilizing existing Government funded vacant houses- to
convert into ARHCs-- through Public Private Partnership --or
by Public Agencies
ii. Construction, Operation / Maintenance of ARHCs --by
Public/ Private Entities on their own vacant land
86. Traditional on -site construction-Issues
Majority of construction in India follow;
-- traditional on-site pattern of construction.
--Known as linear construction
-- where every component constructed on site &
-- completed before project moves to next phase.
--Construction major implications in terms of
-- time;
-- cost,
--quality,
--safety,
-- pollution,
-- manpower
---- noise,
87. Traditional on -site construction-Issues
Highly time consuming-time intensive
Generating large scale waste- material inefficient
Weather Led- dictated by prevailing weather conditions.
Pollution intensive;
Unsafe-- for construction workers
manpower intensive-Large manpower needed
Material intensive -Large inventory of material
Resource intensive-Using large water/energy
cost inefficient –Increased initial cost of construction-
Cost overrun- Uneconomical in cost/resources-
Manpower led--large workers deployed at construction
Loss/theft of material- Individual/human oriented
Variation in quality- dependent on work force deployed
Limited application in hazardous areas
Large site disruption ; Adverse impact on surroundings
89. Pre- fabrication-- Limitations
Monotony
Restricting additions & alterations
Reduced Resale Value
Roadblock in Financing
Accuracy & Precision
High Transportation Cost
Mass Production
Skilled Manpower / Cost
90. Global Housing Technology Challenge- India (GHTC-India
MoHUA initiated the GHTC-India to identify and mainstream a basket of innovative construction technologies from
across the globe for the housing construction sector that is sustainable, eco-friendly, and disaster-resilient.
GHTC-India
54 Innovative
Construction
Technologies
Shortlisting
Light House
projects with 6
selected
technologies
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban
AGARTALA,
TRIPURA
Light Gauge Steel
Structural System &
Pre-Engineered Steel
Structural System
CHENNAI,
NADU
Precast
Construction
TAMIL
Concrete
System-
Precast Components
Assembled at Site
INDORE, MADHYA
PRADESH
Prefabricated
Sandwich
Panel
System
LUCKNOW,
UTTAR PRADESH
Stay in-place
Formwork System
RAJKOT,
GUJARAT
Monolithic
Concrete
Construction
System
RANCHI,
JHARKHAND
Precast Concrete
Construction
System-3D Pre-
Cast Volumetric
91. LIGHT HOUSE PROJECTS- INTENT
LHPs are model housing
projects with houses built with
shortlisted alternate technology
suitable to the geo-climatic
hazard conditions of region,
initiative under Climate Smart
Building Programme.
Projects demonstrate
- deliver ready to live houses
Constructed with speed,
Economy
Better quality of construction
Based on sustainability
Currently LHPs’ being
implemented in six states
--(Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat,
--Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand;
-- Tamil Nadu;Tripura)
under Global Housing
Technology Challenge (GHTC).
Projects Involve
---- use of modern technology
-- innovative processes
-- reduced construction time
-- making Housing- more
resilient/ affordable,
comfortable for poor.
Climate Smart Buildings | LHP Rajkot | PMAY Urban
92. Technology Sub-Mission
This sub-mission worked on
design and planning
Innovative technologies and materials
Green buildings and
Earthquake and other disaster resistant
technologies
States can partner with willing IITs/NITs/SPAs for the above
97. New Approach to AffordableHousing
Accepting Right to Shelter—But Separating ‘Right to Shelter from Right to Ownership
of Shelter- with focus on providing shelter and not creating ownership
Graduating to affordable living from affordable housing
Looking at life-cycle cost of housing instead of initial cost
Treating Affordable Housing-- a volume Game & not profit game-
Identifying Right beneficiaries
Registering Migrants
Moving from construction to manufacturing of shelter
Creating Multiple Options for Shelter
Promoting principle of limited land- unlimited space
Promoting Multiple use of land- 24x7
Adopting volume instead area- to define dwelling size
Providing more flexibility in designing
Adopting project based approach
Promoting Regional Planning;
Empowering Rural India
Promoting co-operative beneficiary –led approach
98. Conclusion
Affordable Housing can be effectively leveraged to
create/ expand large job market for unskilled/ semi-skilled rural migrants;
revitalize Indian industry
promote economy;
achieve higher growth rate and
marginalize poverty in urban India.
Affordable Housing --holds enormous capacity to make our urban / rural
centers
--Smart,
healthier,
more productive,
more effective,
More efficient,
More sustainable,
inclusive,
Resilient
safe
better planned,
slum free,
with assured quality of life.