Working with AECOM Environment, we address climate change mitigation at the community scale by providing recommendations for effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). We performed cost-benefit analyses on 20 GHG reduction strategies such as installing efficient appliances, taking public transit and installing solar panels. Combined with relevant geographic requirements, these analyses informed development of our software model and serve as the basis for tailored GHG reduction plans. Dubbed SAFEGUARD, our software prioritizes reduction strategies based on cost effectiveness.
SAFEGUARD addresses the political feasibility of implementing strategies by allowing the user to override the software’s economic prioritization. Accompanying the software is a user manual and detailed methods describing the processes used to build the model and determine the required inputs. We have created a useful tool for consultants and governments to determine optimal greenhouse gas reduction strategies at the community scale.
9. “We simply must do everything
we can in power to slow down
global warming before it is too
late... I say the debate is over.
We know the science.We see
the threat and we know the
time for action is now.”
-Arnold Schwarzenegger
Governor, California
10.
11. Annual California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
480
2005
2000
440
1990
1995
400 Source: California Air Resources Board, 2009
12. Annual California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2009
13. Annual California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
480
2005
AB-32
2000
440
1990
2020
1995
400 Source: California Air Resources Board, 2009
14. Annual California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
1990 2005
2050
Source: California Air Resources Board, 2009
15. Annual California Greenhouse Gas Emissions
(in million tonnes of CO2 equivalent)
500
1990 2005
Executive Order
S-3-05
250
2050
0 Source: California Air Resources Board, 2009
24. Emissions Reduction
900000
U
BA
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
2020 Emissions
300000 Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
25. Emissions Reduction
900000
U
BA
Re
du
ctio
nT
arg
et
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
2020 Emissions
300000 Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
26. Emissions Reduction
900000
U
BA
Re
du
ctio
nT
arg
et
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
2020 Emissions
300000 Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
27. consumption
paveme Urban agricultu
reduce materi
new technology reduction
ideas
idling
monitoring
fleets
community
population
Behavio Forests
composting
change
landfills buildings
work
solar
& auditing
density
lawn
Wa cooling
lights
low
green
limits
Aaron
ho
me
off-set
improve
heatshare
growth
ffic
tra
gardening
fuel
carsoff-peak
Allison
recovery
Justin
carpooli
Aaron
ump
landscaping
reco
very
public
geothermal
anting
ng reduce use driver ownershi
investments
natural
cal
domestic minimum
competition
28. consumption
paveme Urban agricultu
reduce materi
new technology reduction
ideas
idling
monitoring
fleets
community
population
Behavio Forests
composting
change
landfills buildings
work
solar
& auditing
density
lawn
Wa cooling
lights
low
green
limits
Aaron
ho
me
off-set
improve
heatshare
growth
ffic
tra
gardening
fuel
carsoff-peak
Allison
recovery
Justin
carpooli
Aaron
ump
landscaping
reco
very
public
geothermal
anting
ng reduce use driver ownershi
investments
natural
cal
domestic minimum
competition
29.
30.
31.
32. Efficient Low Carbon
LED Lighting Fuel
Ceiling Renewable Portfoli
Water Heaters
Compact Standards
Methane Electricity Traffic Signal
Insulation LED
Timing
Tire Fluorescent Street
Pressure Lamps Public
Efficient Air
Tree
Conditioning
Low Flow
Lights
Plantin
California Fuel
Toilets Transit
Rainwater
g
Efficiency Collection
Efficient
BikeCool Roofs
Standards Showers
Infrastructu
40. Efficient Low Carbon
LED Lighting Fuel
Ceiling Renewable Portfoli
Water Heaters
Compact Standards
Methane Electricity Traffic Signal
Insulation LED
Timing
Tire Fluorescent Street
Pressure Lamps Public
Efficient Air
Tree
Conditioning
Low Flow
Lights
Plantin
California Fuel
Toilets Transit
Rainwater
g
Efficiency Collection
Efficient
BikeCool Roofs
Standards Showers
Infrastructu
41. LED Lighting Efficient
Ceiling Water Heaters
Compact
Insulation
Fluorescent
Lamps
Efficient Air
Conditioning
Cool Roofs
48. Efficient Low Carbon
LED Lighting Fuel
Ceiling Renewable Portfoli
Water Heaters
Compact Standards
Methane Electricity Traffic Signal
Insulation LED
Timing
Tire Fluorescent Street
Pressure Lamps Public
Efficient Air
Tree
Conditioning
Low Flow
Lights
Plantin
California Fuel
Toilets Transit
Rainwater
g
Efficiency Collection
Efficient
BikeCool Roofs
Standards Showers
Infrastructu
49. Low Carbon
Fuel
Traffic Signal
Tire Timing
Pressure Public
Transit
California Fuel
Efficiency
Bike
Standards
Infrastructu
57. Geographic Climate
Built Environment
Economic Transportation
Demographics
Utilities
Political
58. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Geographic
Strategy-by-Strategy
Net Present Value
Payback Period
Economic Cost-Effectiveness
Optimized Strategy Choices
Highest (Emissions/Dollar) Ratio
Political
59. Geographic
Customizable Preferences
Adjustable Discount Rate
Adjustable Level of Application
Ability to Override Economic
Economic Analysis(Force a Strategy or Veto it)
Minimize Payback Time
or
Minimize Upfront Cost
Political
64. Reduction to 1990 levels by 2020
900000
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
State Strategies
300000 Selected Strategies
Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
65. Reduction to 1990 levels by 2020
900000
U
BA
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
State Strategies
300000 Selected Strategies
Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
66. Reduction to 1990 levels by 2020
900000
U
BA
Re
du
ctio
nT
arg
et
Metric Tonnes of CO2e
600000
State Strategies
300000 Selected Strategies
Waste
Diesel
Gasoline
Natural Gas
Electricity
0
2007 2020
67. Reduction to 1990 levels by 2020
Low Flow Showerheads
LED lights
Efficient Water Heaters
CFL lights
Public Transit
Bicycle Infrastructure
68. Fuel Efficiency Standard
Renewable Energy Portfolio
Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Tire Pressure Program
Low Flow Showers
LED Lighting
Water Heaters
CFL Bulbs
Public Transit
Bicycle Infrastructure
69. Fuel Efficiency Standard
Renewable Energy Portfolio
Low Carbon Fuel Standard $55,400,000
Tire Pressure Program
Low Flow Showers annual savings
LED Lighting
Water Heaters
CFL Bulbs $68,000,000
Public Transit
Bicycle Infrastructure upfront capital cost
79. Assumptions
City 1990 Emissions
Increased Home Insulation scaled to CA 1990
Strategy Assumptions
BAU Growth 1%
Discount Rate 4%
Solar Photovoltaic Panels
83. Conclusions
Increased Fuel Efficiency Starting Point for
Communities
Communities &
Consultancies
Cool Roofs
First Attempts to
Prioritize Strategies
84.
85. Acknowledgments
Craig Whan, Rob Larkin & Gabriel Brown (AECOM)
Oran Young & Sarah Anderson (Bren School)
Joe Yahner (City of Ventura, CA)
Our Friends & Family
86. “The 21st century will see monumental change.
Either the human race will use its knowledge and
skills and change the way it interacts with the
environment, or the environment will change the
way it interacts with its inhabitants.”
87. “The 21st century will see monumental change.
Either the human race will use its knowledge and
skills and change the way it interacts with the
environment, or the environment will change the
way it interacts with its inhabitants.”
-Ernst von Weizsäcker
Former Dean, Bren School & Author of Factor 5
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Ventura already completed local government inventory, but we need to address community-wide emissions
No protocol for conducting community inventories
Sources included: electricity, natural gas, transportation fuels, waste generation (table)
**insert graph
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Break to Justin: Big Wordle explosion of the strategies we chose, then highlight the examples we'll look at
Assumptions
Community goals inline w/AB 32
Cost and benefit averages
but changeable
Limitations
Strategy overlaps
Applicability
Outside of CA?
Scalable?
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
all the strategies combined let us achieve a 60% reduction in emissions from business as usual
-we’ve been pleasantly surprised at the
-we’ve been pleasantly surprised at the
-we’ve been pleasantly surprised at the
-we’ve been pleasantly surprised at the
-help communities get started with answering the question of reducing emissions
-consulting companies can streamline their work as they enter into this emerging field
-one of the first attempts to prioritize strategies at the community level
-help communities get started with answering the question of reducing emissions
-consulting companies can streamline their work as they enter into this emerging field
-one of the first attempts to prioritize strategies at the community level
-help communities get started with answering the question of reducing emissions
-consulting companies can streamline their work as they enter into this emerging field
-one of the first attempts to prioritize strategies at the community level
-help communities get started with answering the question of reducing emissions
-consulting companies can streamline their work as they enter into this emerging field
-one of the first attempts to prioritize strategies at the community level
feel free to try this out for yourself, the web address will show in just a minute