With the advancing machine learning and artificial intelligence, military technologists say that it has now become technologically possible to make decision-making robots, and the images that have settled in our imaginations from science fiction movies to date have come true.

1. MILITARY ROBOTS
ON THE BATTLEFIELD
Tuğçe ARSLAN

2. With the advancing
Machine Learning (ML)
and Artificial Intelligence
(AI), it has become
technologically possible to
make a decision–making
a robot. But, until today,
the images that have
settled in our imaginations
from science fiction
movies have begun to
turn into the new
reality of defense.
In the past ten years, more
and more uncrewed vehicles
and technological devices have
started to find their place in the
military sector, from surveillance
to attacks, reconnaissance, and
search and rescue. And as the
nature of warfare changes, so
does the complexity and com-
plexity of the technology used
in defense. In addition, gov-
ernments are further sensitizing
their ability to defend against
the threats of today and tomor-
row. As a result of all these, the
defense structure evolves into a
more autonomous state. The use
of robots on the battlefield is not
today’s topic. Military Robots
have been on the battlefield for
many years. However, some
features distinguish today’s Ro-
bots from the first ones: Armed
and Able to Think. Today, with
the developments in robotics
and Artificial Intelligence (AI),
armies have come to the brink
of a human–independent pro-
cess.
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3. Military technologists say that it has become technologically possible to make a decision–
making Robots with advancing Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The imag-
es that have settled in our imaginations from science fiction movies to date have come true. This
new generation of mechanical soldiers will have the capacity to decide who to target and what
tactics to develop without the need for a human controller. In addition, other technologies, such
as facial recognition and decision–making algorithms, are becoming more powerful. When
these technologies are brought together, the perfect soldiers will become even easier to
implement.
It was known that a wave of revolution was approaching when the USA tested its first robot
soldiers called “Swords” in the Iraqi field in 2005. Still, the robotic exercise by the USA and
the UK in 2018 at the Grafenwoehr training ground in Germany offered more precise informa-
tion on how the army used robot soldiers. Remote–controlled armored soldiers cleared explo-
sives. They filled a trench, while an uncrewed armored vehicle created a white smokescreen to
protect them. These technologies because of their potential to reduce costs, increase capabili-
ties, and most importantly, put fewer people at risk and save lives. According to the research
conducted by the American company Markets and Markets, the global Military Robot market
generated a volume of 14.5 billion dollars in 2020 and is expected to reach 24.2 billion dol-
lars with an annual growth of 10.7 percent by 2025. The market will grow so much due to the
increase in the use of Robots in many areas, from chemical, biological, radiological, and nu-
clear attacks to mine countermeasures; all areas that will cause significant harm to humans are
shifted to robotics.
The Drones used in the bombings and the Robots involved in the detonation of land mines
save the lives of many soldiers today. Still, the new generation of robot soldiers equipped with
ultra–modern technologies have not yet been put on the field. However, the trials and testing
phases of this new generation of soldiers are progressing rapidly; They are even made ready
for use in many countries today.
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4. In addition, the Pentagon continues its work on unmanned robotic weapons that can rapid-
ly attack any part of the world within an hour by forming a global network. In fact, according
to former USA Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, the “Global Instant Strike (PGS) Program”
developed by the air force is already in use.
The US Department of Defense (DoD) has dramatically increased its Robotic
and Artificial Intelligence (AI)–based investments. It is even working to trans-
form the products developed in this field into systems with a smaller structure.
The fact that rapid developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics will make smart
wars possible in the coming years has accelerated the process of including these technologies
in traditional war networks by those who produce technology and products in the defense
industry. While many established defense contractors have treated Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and Robotics as side markets, they now realize that not centered it would be a threat to their
long–term existence, as these two technologies have begun to take competition in a different
direction at all levels of the industry. Although the impact of the military revolution from Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and Robotics is ten years or more away, investing in emerging segments now
and determining strategic changes are of great importance for the war.
For example, countries like China and Russia have developed “blocking” technologies such
as long–range air defense systems and precision attack weapons that prevent USA military
forces from operating in a contentious area. In addition, the same countries and many more are
actively developing Robotic technologies to close the gap or become the new leader.
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5. THE ARMY OF THE FUTURE WILL HAVE CYBORGS
On the other hand, future wars will not be fought between robots alone. Hybrid soldiers
will also be a part of the future of defense, and work is being carried out in this area. Half–hu-
man, half–robot soldiers, or Cyborgs as they are preferred, are one of the essential topics of
the technological future of armies. One of the fundamental predictions is that Cyborg soldiers,
who define people whose bodies are developed with robotic technologies, will have a “game–
changer” effect in defense technologies. Many countries, especially the United States, have
already put this hybrid technology on their radar.
In addition, China and the USA itself carry out such studies intensively. For example, former
US President Barack Obama, who appeared before the cameras to announce a new initia-
tive in 2014, told reporters: “I’m here to announce that we’re building Iron Man.” The speech
caused laughter, but the president was serious.
The metallic suit called TALOS (Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit), developed within the
project’s scope, aims to increase soldiers’ strength, durability, and ergonomics. This exoskeleton
will consist of physiological and biological sensors. These actuators act like muscles to power
the suit, processors and computers, a helmet with a digital display, and other communication
systems. Projects similar to TALOS (Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit) are also being devel-
oped in European countries, China and Russia.
The robotic exoskeleton, named Military Marching Assistant (ASIA), will assist the soldier in
movements such as running, walking, climbing, and jumping. In addition, it will lighten the load
carried by the personnel and allow more ammunition to be taken.
Although the Iron Man project has not yet concluded in the USA, the country’s work in
half–human, half–robot soldiers continues.
Although Cyborg Technology includes some methods such as DNA
manipulation and gene modification, and their moral and ethical
side constitutes a significant area of discussion, they are too
advanced to be prevented from taking part in the future defense.
The future wars continue to take shape with each passing day
through developing technologies. The development of Robotic
weapons, the diversification of the usage areas of uncrewed vehicles,
the support of military technologies with Artificial Intelligence (AI)
and Augmented Reality (AR) are pregnant with exciting developments.
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