The menstrual cycle is a natural process. It is a complex cycle controlled by female hormones that cause regular bleeding (periods). The menstrual cycle has four phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. Some women may experience menstrual problems (e.g. heavy bleeding).The menstrual cycle has four phases: menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. The length of the menstrual cycle varies from woman to woman, but the average is to have periods every 28 days. Regular cycles that are longer or shorter than this, from 23 to 35 days, are normal.
The menstrual cycle is the time from the first day of a woman's period to the day before her next period.
Girls can start their periods anywhere from age 8 upwards, but the average is around 12 years. The average age for the menopause (when periods stop) in this country is 51.
Between the ages of 12 and 52, a woman will have around 480 periods, or fewer if she has any pregnancies.
9. OBJECTIVE:
The learners will be able to describe the
feedback mechanisms involved in
regulating processes in the female
reproductive system (e.g., menstrual
cycle).
10. GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What gland controls and start the menstrual cycle?
2. How many days does the bleeding occurs in a menstrual
cycle?
3. What are the hormones release by the pituitary gland?
4. What happens to the egg during the first 14 days of the
cycle? How about the uterine?
11. GUIDE QUESTIONS:
5. What happens to the matured egg cell after it was
released?
6. Suppose that there is sperm cell present what
happens to the egg that was fertilized?
7.Suppose that there is no sperm cell present, what
happens to the egg that was not fertilized?
15. 1. What gland controls and start the
menstrual cycle?
PITUITARY
GLAND
16. 2. How many days does the bleeding
occurs in a menstrual cycle?
3-7 DAYS
17. 3. What are the hormones release by the
pituitary gland?
FOLLICLE
STIMULATING
HORMONE
LUTEINIZING
HORMONE
18. 4.What happens to the egg during the first 14
days of the cycle? How about the uterine?
“OVULATION”
RELEASE OF THE
MATURE EGG on
the 14th day
THICKENING OF
THE UTERUS
LINING
19. 5. What happens to the matured egg cell
after it was released?
It travels from
the ovary to the
uterus through
oviducts or
fallopian tubes
20. 6.Suppose that there is sperm cell present
what happens to the egg that was fertilized?
The fertilized
egg/zygote will travel
through the oviducts
or fallopian tubes and
will attach to the
uterus. Where the
baby will grow.
21. 7.Suppose that there is no sperm cell present,
what happens to the egg that was not fertilized?
Since there is no fertilized
egg, the progesterone
and estrogen will
decrease and the thick
uterine lining will shed.
Menstruation will occur.
22. FSH stimulates the
ovaries to release
estrogen. High level of
estrogen prevent the
further production of
FSH
Estrogen also stimulates
the release of LH from
the pituitary gland,
which in turn controls
the production of
progesterone
High levels of
progesterone then
inhibit the further
release of LH
FEEDBACK MECHANISM OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
23.
24. “MARK MY CALENDAR”
PROCEDURE:
1. The students will be group into two.
2. Group 1 will fill the calendar for no fertilization using the given
pictures.
Group 2 will fill the calendar with fertilization of the egg using the
given pictures.
3. Pictures will post/attach to the calendar provided by the teacher.
3. Each group will choose 1 representative to discuss their work.
4. The students will be given 10 minutes to finish their work
27. WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY THE
MENSTRUAL CYCLE?
To track overall health.
Tracking the menstrual cycle is so
important for couple who wants to
conceive or wants to have a family
planning.
30. ASSIGNMENT
On a whole sheet of paper write at
least 10 facts/trivia about menstrual
cycle.
31.
32. IMPORTANT EVENTS DURING
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
1.The Pituitary gland controls and starts the cycle.
2. The Pituitary gland releases hormones that cause the egg in the
ovary to mature. The Luteinizing Hormone (LH) initiates the
maturation of the follicles, convert ruptured follicles into corpus
luteum and causes the secretion of progesterone. The follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) assist in the maturation of the follicles
and causes the secretion of estrogen from the follicles.
3. Meanwhile, the ovary itself releases a hormone called estrogen,
which causes the uterine lining to increase in thickness; The uterine
lining becomes thicker so that the fertilized egg can attach to it.
33. IMPORTANT EVENTS DURING
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
4. The ovary releases an egg on day 14. Assume that no
sperm present.
5. The egg moves through the oviduct and enters the
uterus.
6. Meanwhile the uterine lining continues to thicken.
7. The egg has not been fertilized, therefore, it will attach to
the uterus.
34. IMPORTANT EVENTS DURING
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
8. The thick uterine lining is no longer necessary, so the cells
of the thickened uterine lining break off and leave the
vagina. The unfertilized egg is lost and some blood is lost
too. This loss cells from the uterine lining, blood, and egg is
called menstruation.
9. After the menstruation, the cycle starts again.
35. FSH stimulates the
ovaries to release
estrogen. High level of
estrogen prevent the
further production of
FSH
Estrogen also stimulates
the release of LH from
the pituitary gland,
which in turn controls
the production of
progesterone
High levels of
progesterone then
inhibit the further
release of LH
