Identifying & Combating Misinformation w/ Fact Checking Tools is a presentation I prepared for US Embassy Youth Council 2024 members in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Disinformation in Nepal: Example case studies; Types of misinformation campaigns; Challenges of mapping misinformation; Learnings from mapping misinformation in Nepal
A Challenge to Authenticity of Mass Media Communication: A Case Study of Misi...Ujjwal Acharya
This document summarizes a presentation on the impact of misinformation on the authenticity of mass media communication in Nepal. It discusses how public trust in mass media is declining as it is no longer seen as representing truth. Both social media and mainstream media are found to be major sources of misinformation in Nepal. A mixed methods study analyzed 294 fact-checked pieces of misinformation and found that politics and health are most commonly misinformed about. The study also investigated four case studies of viral misinformation spread through both social media and mainstream media. It was found that mainstream media often failed to verify information and contributed to the spread of misinformation. This damages the perception of mass media as authentic sources of information and further erodes public trust.
The document discusses concepts related to misinformation, hate speech, and their impacts. It defines key terms such as misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, and information disorder. It explains how misinformation and hate speech can cause psychological harm to individuals, lead to riskier behaviors, and wrong decisions. At the societal level, they can increase polarization, extremism, and social conflicts. Regarding democracy, misinformation and hate speech can interfere with elections, decrease public trust, and destabilize democratic systems by skewing political discourse. Specific examples discussed include mob lynching in India related to child abduction rumors spread on WhatsApp and cow vigilante violence in India targeting Muslims.
Identifying & Combating Misinformation w/ Fact Checking Tools is a presentation I prepared for US Embassy Youth Council 2024 members in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Disinformation in Nepal: Example case studies; Types of misinformation campaigns; Challenges of mapping misinformation; Learnings from mapping misinformation in Nepal
A Challenge to Authenticity of Mass Media Communication: A Case Study of Misi...Ujjwal Acharya
This document summarizes a presentation on the impact of misinformation on the authenticity of mass media communication in Nepal. It discusses how public trust in mass media is declining as it is no longer seen as representing truth. Both social media and mainstream media are found to be major sources of misinformation in Nepal. A mixed methods study analyzed 294 fact-checked pieces of misinformation and found that politics and health are most commonly misinformed about. The study also investigated four case studies of viral misinformation spread through both social media and mainstream media. It was found that mainstream media often failed to verify information and contributed to the spread of misinformation. This damages the perception of mass media as authentic sources of information and further erodes public trust.
The document discusses concepts related to misinformation, hate speech, and their impacts. It defines key terms such as misinformation, disinformation, malinformation, and information disorder. It explains how misinformation and hate speech can cause psychological harm to individuals, lead to riskier behaviors, and wrong decisions. At the societal level, they can increase polarization, extremism, and social conflicts. Regarding democracy, misinformation and hate speech can interfere with elections, decrease public trust, and destabilize democratic systems by skewing political discourse. Specific examples discussed include mob lynching in India related to child abduction rumors spread on WhatsApp and cow vigilante violence in India targeting Muslims.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
This document provides an introduction to basic digital security. It discusses the importance of protecting devices, passwords, and online communication. Specific tips are given for securing email accounts, social media accounts, web browsing, and mobile phones. Multi-factor authentication, encryption, virtual private networks and anonymity tools are introduced. Caution is advised regarding links, attachments and revealing personal information online.
This document discusses the increasing importance of social media for journalism in Nepal. It provides statistics showing huge growth in Internet usage in Nepal from 2010 to 2012. Surveys of Nepali journalists find that almost all use the Internet and social media for their work, with over two-thirds using it to communicate and seek information. Journalists employ social media to research, verify information, develop new ideas, and distribute and promote their content. In conclusion, social media is reshaping communication and can help enhance journalism by connecting journalists and audiences in new ways.
Nepal is a developing country with mountains, difficult terrain, and smiling people. However, it faces many problems like electricity shortages and corrupt political practices. The media landscape in Nepal is growing, with the first news website launched in 1995 and the establishment of radio, television, newspapers, and online news portals since then. New media like blogs and online news sites have played an important role in advocacy and debate, and have forced traditional media to change and improve their coverage, especially during political crises when censorship is imposed.
South Asia Press Freedom Report 2016 PresentationUjjwal Acharya
This document summarizes the key findings of the 14th annual South Asia Press Freedom Report by the International Federation of Journalists. It outlines that 32 journalists were killed in South Asia from 2015-2016, with the highest numbers in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Government efforts to curb freedom of expression through new laws and non-state actors like extremists and criminal gangs pose major threats. Despite these dangers, journalists in the region continue their important work of informing the public and advocating for press freedom.
South Asia Press Freedom Report 2018 PresentationUjjwal Acharya
A suicide bomber in Afghanistan killed 10 journalists gathered to cover an earlier attack. In India, 8 journalists were killed, including Gauri Lankesh and Santanu Bhowmik. Journalists face high risks in South Asia with 35 journalists killed and over 100 attacked or threatened in the region. Conviction rates for these crimes remain very low despite long battles for justice. Rural journalists in particular face exploitation and danger in their work.
[Nepali] Digital Security for Journalist WomenUjjwal Acharya
My presentation from training sessions on digital safety to journalist women in Nagarkot and Bhairahawa (in July 2017) organized by the Sancharika Samuha.
This document provides a summary of the media status in Nepal. It discusses:
1) Basic facts about Nepal's population, languages, religions, and literacy rate.
2) The current political situation including the dissolution of the first constituent assembly, the election of the second assembly, and key issues delaying a new constitution.
3) Details on the state of media in Nepal including numbers of newspapers, radio and TV stations, online sites, journalists, and challenges like attacks on press freedom and self-censorship.
4) The Federation of Nepali Journalists' seven priorities including ensuring journalists' safety, promoting press freedom in the new constitution, capacity building, and lobbying in the constitution-
An introduction to Center for International Media Ethics' (CIME) an innovative approach that combines journalism, ethics and economics to guide towards use of media ethics to help improve the society and, more importantly, sustain the media business in an age where media is fast losing public trust and advertising.
Please note that the presentation was for a session in CIME Forum 2013 Islamabad, Pakistan and I just rephrased and made the original idea concise because of the time constrain. Also note the copyright of it is with CIME.
This document discusses journalism in Nepal and profiles three Nepali journalists. It describes Gopal Budhathoki, the editor of Sanghu Weekly, who was threatened over the phone and on Facebook for 10 days after publishing a story about corruption. It also describes Dekendra Thapa, a journalist who was abducted and murdered by Maoists in 2004, with his murderers being arrested in 2013. The document notes that 22 journalists fled the region in January 2013 after being threatened by ruling Maoist party cadres, who had injured 6 other journalists. While Nepali law provides for press freedom, the document concludes that journalists in Nepal face continuous threats and a state of impunity.
Social Media & Campaigning: SAMSN PresentationUjjwal Acharya
The document discusses using social media for campaigning and the experience of the Federation of Nepali Journalists (FNJ) using social media. It notes that while social media allows for multi-layered, multi-channel communication to a large, young audience, it also requires planning, the right tools, patience, dedicated human resources, social media policies, encouraging conversation and offline actions for success. The FNJ has found social media to be immature but useful for their website, Facebook, Twitter and email list. Resources for social media advocacy are provided.
This document discusses best practices for writing web content. It recommends writing in a scannable way using highlighted keywords, meaningful sub-headings, bulleted lists, and one idea per paragraph. Users tend to scan web pages rather than read word-by-word. Headlines should be short, information-rich, and front-load keywords. Teasers are important to entice users to click through and should summarize the story while leaving some details undisclosed. Visual elements like photos and bullet lists can break up blocks of text.
My presentation during the introductory session of Social Media for Journalists training in Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Dhangadhi and Nepalgunj in October/November 2012 organized by Equal Access Nepal and funded by UNDP.
My presentation at the Interaction on Freedom of Expression and Internet organized by Digital Media Committee at Federation of Nepali Journalists and Internet Society Nepal.
This document discusses 21st century media and the rise of internet-based communication platforms. It outlines key characteristics of modern media like social media, blogs, and mobile devices. It also examines strengths and weaknesses of internet media, how it has changed communication by empowering audiences, and the importance of citizen journalism. The document reviews legal frameworks around freedom of expression and Nepal's constitution. It discusses challenges like information overload and issues of accuracy. It concludes by examining ethics for online journalism.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
This document provides an introduction to basic digital security. It discusses the importance of protecting devices, passwords, and online communication. Specific tips are given for securing email accounts, social media accounts, web browsing, and mobile phones. Multi-factor authentication, encryption, virtual private networks and anonymity tools are introduced. Caution is advised regarding links, attachments and revealing personal information online.
This document discusses the increasing importance of social media for journalism in Nepal. It provides statistics showing huge growth in Internet usage in Nepal from 2010 to 2012. Surveys of Nepali journalists find that almost all use the Internet and social media for their work, with over two-thirds using it to communicate and seek information. Journalists employ social media to research, verify information, develop new ideas, and distribute and promote their content. In conclusion, social media is reshaping communication and can help enhance journalism by connecting journalists and audiences in new ways.
Nepal is a developing country with mountains, difficult terrain, and smiling people. However, it faces many problems like electricity shortages and corrupt political practices. The media landscape in Nepal is growing, with the first news website launched in 1995 and the establishment of radio, television, newspapers, and online news portals since then. New media like blogs and online news sites have played an important role in advocacy and debate, and have forced traditional media to change and improve their coverage, especially during political crises when censorship is imposed.
South Asia Press Freedom Report 2016 PresentationUjjwal Acharya
This document summarizes the key findings of the 14th annual South Asia Press Freedom Report by the International Federation of Journalists. It outlines that 32 journalists were killed in South Asia from 2015-2016, with the highest numbers in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Government efforts to curb freedom of expression through new laws and non-state actors like extremists and criminal gangs pose major threats. Despite these dangers, journalists in the region continue their important work of informing the public and advocating for press freedom.
South Asia Press Freedom Report 2018 PresentationUjjwal Acharya
A suicide bomber in Afghanistan killed 10 journalists gathered to cover an earlier attack. In India, 8 journalists were killed, including Gauri Lankesh and Santanu Bhowmik. Journalists face high risks in South Asia with 35 journalists killed and over 100 attacked or threatened in the region. Conviction rates for these crimes remain very low despite long battles for justice. Rural journalists in particular face exploitation and danger in their work.
[Nepali] Digital Security for Journalist WomenUjjwal Acharya
My presentation from training sessions on digital safety to journalist women in Nagarkot and Bhairahawa (in July 2017) organized by the Sancharika Samuha.
This document provides a summary of the media status in Nepal. It discusses:
1) Basic facts about Nepal's population, languages, religions, and literacy rate.
2) The current political situation including the dissolution of the first constituent assembly, the election of the second assembly, and key issues delaying a new constitution.
3) Details on the state of media in Nepal including numbers of newspapers, radio and TV stations, online sites, journalists, and challenges like attacks on press freedom and self-censorship.
4) The Federation of Nepali Journalists' seven priorities including ensuring journalists' safety, promoting press freedom in the new constitution, capacity building, and lobbying in the constitution-
An introduction to Center for International Media Ethics' (CIME) an innovative approach that combines journalism, ethics and economics to guide towards use of media ethics to help improve the society and, more importantly, sustain the media business in an age where media is fast losing public trust and advertising.
Please note that the presentation was for a session in CIME Forum 2013 Islamabad, Pakistan and I just rephrased and made the original idea concise because of the time constrain. Also note the copyright of it is with CIME.
This document discusses journalism in Nepal and profiles three Nepali journalists. It describes Gopal Budhathoki, the editor of Sanghu Weekly, who was threatened over the phone and on Facebook for 10 days after publishing a story about corruption. It also describes Dekendra Thapa, a journalist who was abducted and murdered by Maoists in 2004, with his murderers being arrested in 2013. The document notes that 22 journalists fled the region in January 2013 after being threatened by ruling Maoist party cadres, who had injured 6 other journalists. While Nepali law provides for press freedom, the document concludes that journalists in Nepal face continuous threats and a state of impunity.
Social Media & Campaigning: SAMSN PresentationUjjwal Acharya
The document discusses using social media for campaigning and the experience of the Federation of Nepali Journalists (FNJ) using social media. It notes that while social media allows for multi-layered, multi-channel communication to a large, young audience, it also requires planning, the right tools, patience, dedicated human resources, social media policies, encouraging conversation and offline actions for success. The FNJ has found social media to be immature but useful for their website, Facebook, Twitter and email list. Resources for social media advocacy are provided.
This document discusses best practices for writing web content. It recommends writing in a scannable way using highlighted keywords, meaningful sub-headings, bulleted lists, and one idea per paragraph. Users tend to scan web pages rather than read word-by-word. Headlines should be short, information-rich, and front-load keywords. Teasers are important to entice users to click through and should summarize the story while leaving some details undisclosed. Visual elements like photos and bullet lists can break up blocks of text.
My presentation during the introductory session of Social Media for Journalists training in Biratnagar, Kathmandu, Pokhara, Dhangadhi and Nepalgunj in October/November 2012 organized by Equal Access Nepal and funded by UNDP.
My presentation at the Interaction on Freedom of Expression and Internet organized by Digital Media Committee at Federation of Nepali Journalists and Internet Society Nepal.
This document discusses 21st century media and the rise of internet-based communication platforms. It outlines key characteristics of modern media like social media, blogs, and mobile devices. It also examines strengths and weaknesses of internet media, how it has changed communication by empowering audiences, and the importance of citizen journalism. The document reviews legal frameworks around freedom of expression and Nepal's constitution. It discusses challenges like information overload and issues of accuracy. It concludes by examining ethics for online journalism.
5. अमहलेको मिश्वमा सूचनाको संसार भ्रामक
बनेको र्। हामीलाई सूचनाका मिमिन्न
स्रोतबाट जताततै थरीथरीका सूचना द्रूत
गमतमा प्राप्त िइरहेका र्न्। सूचनाको गति
र सङ्ख् या धेरै िएको हुाँदा हामीलाई
सूचनाको परख गने समर् असाध्यै कम
ममल्र्।
6. मममिर्ा र सूचना साक्षर हुन आिश्यक शीप
❖ मममिर्ा र सूचनासम्म पहुाँच
❖ सूचनाको मूल्याङ्कन
❖ सूचना मनमायण/प्रकाशन
❖ सूचनामामथ आलोचनात्मक दृमि
❖ सूचनाको र्नोट
7. मममिर्ा र सूचना साक्षरले र्ी कार्य गनय सक्र्न्
❖ ममथ्या सूचना मचन्र्न्
❖ सही सूचना प्राप्त गनय फरक स्रोतहरू प्रर्ोग गर्य न्
❖ सूचनामा िएका अङ्क िा तथ्याङ्क कहााँबाट र कसरी आर्ो िन्ने मिचार
गर्य न्
❖ तस्बिर िा मचत्रहरू मकन प्रर्ोग गररर्ो र त्यसले हामीलाई क
े असर
गर्य िन्ने थाहा पाउाँर्न्
❖ सूचना सामग्रीहरू आफ
ैाँ तर्ार गनय सक्र्न्
❖ सूचना सामग्रीको पक्ष/मिपक्ष िा आग्रह/पूिायग्रह र्ु ट्टाउन सक्र्न्
8. सूचना स्रोत र मममिर्ाको पूिायग्रह
❖सूचनाको स्रोत चाहे त्यो व्यस्बि होस् िा संस्था,
रेमिर्ो िा मटिी िा पत्रपमत्रका होस्, ती पूणय
मनष्पक्ष र पूिायग्रहरमहत हुन सक्दैनन् ।
❖हामी हाम्रो पूिायग्रहसाँग ममल्दोजुल्दो सूचना िए
समजलै ग्रहण गर्छाँ िने अममल्दो सूचना िए
त्यसलाई ग्रहण गनय कमै मात्र प्रर्ास गर्छाँ ।
10. ❖ DNS पररितयन गरेर TikTok चलाउाँदा ब्याङ्क खाताबाट लाख ाँ
रुपैर्ा हरार्ो
❖ नेपाल िाषा, रञ्जना मलमप तथा नेपाल सम्वत् लाई नेपालको
म मलक मिशेषता मानेर आिेदन मदएपमर् मात्र नेपालले संर्ुि
रािर संघको सदस्यता पाएको मथर्ो (बालेन)
❖ जुम्लाको गुमिच र गाउाँपामलकामित्र ममदरा खान लाइसेन्स
मलनुपने व्यिस्था समहतको कार्यमिमि बनाइर्ो (नागररक दैमनक)
र्ो सूचना पाउनु िर्ो ?
11. ती सबै ममथ्या सूचना हुन्
❖ र्ी सबै सूचना नेपाल फ्याक्ट चेकले तथ्यजााँच गरेर ममथ्या
िएको बताएको र्।
12. ममथ्या सूचना
❖ ममथ्या सूचना (misinformation) िनेको मूलतः झुटो िा गलत
िा भ्रमपूणय िा अनथयरूपमा घटना, अमिव्यस्बि, तथ्याब्क र तक
य
प्रर्ोग गरेर िा व्याख्या गरेर समाचार िा सूचनाका रूपमा
प्रकामशत आमसञ्चारका माध्यम िा सोसल मममिर्ा/इन्टरनेटका
सामग्री हुन् ।
❖ समग्रमा ममथ्या सूचना बुझाउनका लामग ममसइन्फमेसन शब्द
प्रर्ोग गररन्र् िने disinformation िन्ने शब्द जानाजान
तथ्यलाई तोिमरोि गरेर िा आफ्नो अनुक
ू ल व्याख्या गरेर क
ु नै
महसाबको फाइदाका लामग फ
ै लाइएको सूचनाका लामग प्रर्ोग
गररन्र् ।
❖ Malinformation चामहाँ महंसा िा हामन हुने गरी फ
ै लाइएका
13. ममथ्या सूचनाका प्रकार
❖ क
ु नै हामन गने उद्देश्य निएका तर हामीलाई मूखय बनाउने व्यङ्गयात्मक
सामग्री ।
❖ शीषयक िा तस्बिरसाँग मूल लेखन मेल नखाने भ्रमपूर्ण सम्बन्धका आिारमा
बनाइएका सामग्री ।
❖ क
ु नै सूचनाको अनथय प्रर्ोग गरी क
ु नै मिषर् िा व्यस्बिबारे भ्रम तसर्णना गने
सामग्री ।
❖ क
ु नै सही सूचना िा घटना िा अमिव्यस्बि िा समाचारलाई गलि सन्दर्णमा
प्रर्ोग गररएको सामग्री ।
❖ क
ु नै आमिकाररक स्रोत िा व्यस्बिका नामका झुटो अतर्व्यक्ति प्रर्ोग
गररएका सामग्री ।
❖ क
ु नै तथ्य िा तथ्याङ्क िा घटना िा तक
य िा तस्बिरलाई िोडमरोड गररएका
सामग्री ।
18. YouTube मटिी जस्तो होइन्
❖ YouTube मा जसले पमन
मिमिओ हाल्न सक्र्। जे
पमन हाल्न सक्र्।
❖ मनमयला पन्त बलात्कार र
हत्या
❖ रमि लाममर्ाने प्रकरण
❖ रुक
ु म-जाजरकोट घटना
21. क
ु नै सामग्रीले हाम्रो
क
ु नै िािनालाई (जस्तो
खुशी, दुख, दर्ा िा
ररस) लाई िेरै असर
गर्य िने ती ममथ्या हुने
सम्भािना िेरै हुन्र्।
त्यसै कारण नै ममथ्या सूचनाहरू
चााँिै िेरै फ
ै मलन्र्न्।
22. कसले फ
ै लाउाँर् ममथ्या सूचना?
❖ ममथ्या सूचना जसले पमन फ
ै लाउन सक्र् । एक सामान्य
व्यस्बिदेस्बख चमचयत र प्रमतमित व्यस्बि िा संस्थाका साथै पररचर्
नखुलेका व्यस्बि िा समूहसम्म एिम् सञ्चारमाध्यमले समेत र्स्ता
सूचना फ
ै लाउन सक्र्न् ।
❖ कमतपर् अिस्थामा मिज्ञ िमनएका िा दाबी गने व्यस्बिहरू, नेता
र कार्यकतायहरू, प्रिानमन्त्री र मन्त्रीहरू, मचमकत्सक, मशक्षक र
पत्रकार सबैले जानाजान िा अन्जानमा ममथ्या सूचना
फ
ै लाइरहेका हुन सक्र्न् ।
23. लोकतन्त्रको जग सुसूमचत नागररकले गने
मनणयर्मा अिेको हुन्र् र जब उनीहरूसाँग िएका
सूचना ममथ्या हुन्र्न् िने उनीहरूले गने मनणयर् र
त्यस मनणयर्का कारण प्रणालीमा असर पर्य जसले
लोकतन्त्र कमजोर पार्य ।
34. हामी क
े गनय सक्र् ाँ?
❖ इन्टरनेट प्रर्ोग र अनुििबारे हामी मनर्ममत र्लफल गनय सक्र् ाँ
।
❖ इन्टरनेट र सोसल मममिर्ाका साथसाथै जोस्बखम र सुरमक्षत रहने
तररकाहरूबारे ज्ञान हामसल गनय सक्र् ाँ ।
❖ इन्टरनेट र मोबाइल प्रर्ोगका सम्बन्धमा हामी सबैलाई मान्य हुने
सामान्य मनर्महरू बनाउन र पालना गनय सक्र् ाँ।
35. हामी क
े गनय सक्र् ाँ?
❖ इन्टरनेटबाट हुन सक्ने जोस्बखमहरूबारे साथीहरूलाई बताउन
सक्र् ाँ।
❖ साथीको व्यिहार पररितयनमामथ मिशेष मनगरानी राख्ने र पररितयन
देस्बखएमा क
ु राकानी गने िा मशक्षकलाई जानकारी दसने ।
❖ इन्टरनेटमा क
े /क
े सूचना मदनुहुाँदैन र कस्ता/कस्ता फोटो
राख्नुहुाँदैन िन्ने एकअकायलाई मसकाउने ।
❖ मिमजटल मिटक्सको अभ्यास गने।
भारतका अधिकांश टिभी न्युज च्यानलले नेपाल पर्साका जालिम मुखियाले ४०/५० जना कोरोना संक्रमितलाई भारतमा पठाउने षडयन्त्र गरेको भन्ने समाचार प्रमुखताका साथ प्रसारण गरि रहे ।
विभिन्न जात, जाति, धर्म, सम्प्रदायबीचको सु–सम्बन्धमा खलल पर्नेे, जातीय भेदभाव वा छुवाछूतलाई दुरुत्साहन गर्ने, श्रमप्रति अवहेलना गर्ने, गाली बेइज्जती, अदालतको अवहेलना हुने, अपराध गर्न दुरुत्साहन गर्ने वा सार्वजनिक शिष्टाचार वा नैतिकताको प्रतिकूल हुने कार्यमा मनासिब प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने गरी ऐन बनाउन रोक लगाएको मानिने छैन ।