This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an event that occurs during program execution that disrupts normal flow, like divide by zero errors. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow even after errors by catching and handling exceptions. It describes the key parts of exception handling as finding problems, throwing exceptions, catching exceptions, and handling exceptions. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw blocks to handle exceptions in C++ code.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It explains that exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another in response to problems. The key concepts are try, catch, and throw blocks. Try blocks identify code that can throw exceptions. Catch blocks catch and handle exceptions. Throw blocks cause exceptions to be thrown. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw to handle exceptions like division by zero. It also summarizes several standard C++ libraries that provide common functions and templates.
The document provides information about an exception handling course for the subject of C++ during the second semester. It includes details about try, catch, and throw keywords used for exception handling in C++ as well as custom exceptions using exception classes. Standard exceptions and namespaces are also briefly discussed.
Exception handling in C# involves using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, the catch block handles any exceptions, and finally contains cleanup code. There are different types of exceptions like OutOfMemoryException and DivideByZeroException. Exceptions can be handled by showing error messages, logging exceptions, or throwing custom exceptions for business rule violations.
1. The document introduces C++ templates and exceptions. It discusses function templates, class templates, and how they allow generating functions and classes for different data types.
2. It also covers exception handling in C++ using try, throw, and catch. Exceptions represent errors that require special processing. The try block encloses code that may throw exceptions, and catch blocks provide exception handlers.
3. Rethrowing exceptions allows an exception handler to pass the exception to the next enclosing try block if it cannot handle the exception itself. Exception specifications and uncaught exceptions are also discussed.
C++ templates and exceptions allow for more robust and reusable code. Templates allow functions and classes to work with different data types by using placeholder types that are substituted at compile-time. This avoids duplicating code and reduces errors. Exceptions provide a mechanism to handle errors and unexpected events in code through throwing and catching exception objects. Exceptions allow code to exit a block and transfer control to dedicated error handling code. Together, templates and exceptions make C++ code more flexible, reusable and fault-tolerant.
The document discusses exception handling in C#. It describes how exceptions provide a way to transfer control when errors occur. It explains the try, catch, finally, and throw keywords used in exception handling and provides examples of handling different types of exceptions using these keywords. It also discusses user-defined exceptions and how to create custom exception classes by inheriting from the Exception class.
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an event that occurs during program execution that disrupts normal flow, like divide by zero errors. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow even after errors by catching and handling exceptions. It describes the key parts of exception handling as finding problems, throwing exceptions, catching exceptions, and handling exceptions. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw blocks to handle exceptions in C++ code.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It explains that exceptions provide a way to transfer control from one part of a program to another in response to problems. The key concepts are try, catch, and throw blocks. Try blocks identify code that can throw exceptions. Catch blocks catch and handle exceptions. Throw blocks cause exceptions to be thrown. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw to handle exceptions like division by zero. It also summarizes several standard C++ libraries that provide common functions and templates.
The document provides information about an exception handling course for the subject of C++ during the second semester. It includes details about try, catch, and throw keywords used for exception handling in C++ as well as custom exceptions using exception classes. Standard exceptions and namespaces are also briefly discussed.
Exception handling in C# involves using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, the catch block handles any exceptions, and finally contains cleanup code. There are different types of exceptions like OutOfMemoryException and DivideByZeroException. Exceptions can be handled by showing error messages, logging exceptions, or throwing custom exceptions for business rule violations.
1. The document introduces C++ templates and exceptions. It discusses function templates, class templates, and how they allow generating functions and classes for different data types.
2. It also covers exception handling in C++ using try, throw, and catch. Exceptions represent errors that require special processing. The try block encloses code that may throw exceptions, and catch blocks provide exception handlers.
3. Rethrowing exceptions allows an exception handler to pass the exception to the next enclosing try block if it cannot handle the exception itself. Exception specifications and uncaught exceptions are also discussed.
C++ templates and exceptions allow for more robust and reusable code. Templates allow functions and classes to work with different data types by using placeholder types that are substituted at compile-time. This avoids duplicating code and reduces errors. Exceptions provide a mechanism to handle errors and unexpected events in code through throwing and catching exception objects. Exceptions allow code to exit a block and transfer control to dedicated error handling code. Together, templates and exceptions make C++ code more flexible, reusable and fault-tolerant.
The document discusses exception handling in C#. It describes how exceptions provide a way to transfer control when errors occur. It explains the try, catch, finally, and throw keywords used in exception handling and provides examples of handling different types of exceptions using these keywords. It also discusses user-defined exceptions and how to create custom exception classes by inheriting from the Exception class.
The document introduces C++ templates and exceptions. It discusses three approaches to functions that implement identical tasks for different data types: the naïve approach with unique function names, function overloading with the same name, and function templates where the compiler generates individual functions. It also covers class templates where the compiler generates distinct class types, and how to instantiate class and function templates by substituting the template argument. Finally, it discusses exception handling in C++ using try, throw, catch blocks to handle errors and exceptions thrown during program execution.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to gracefully handle errors and unexpected conditions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, while catch blocks catch specific exception types. Finally blocks contain cleanup code that always executes whether an exception occurs or not. Programmers can throw exceptions themselves and catch or rethrow exceptions to defer handling to an outer scope. Finally blocks ensure resources are released properly.
The document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as an unexpected event that disrupts normal program flow, such as divide-by-zero errors. Exception handling allows programs to deal with anomalous situations through try-catch blocks. Code that could cause errors is placed in a try block, while catch blocks handle any exceptions thrown. The document provides examples of exceptions being thrown and caught for issues like invalid inputs, out of memory errors, and array out of bounds.
This document discusses exception handling in C++ and Java. It defines what exceptions are and explains that exception handling separates error handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust. It covers try/catch blocks, throwing and catching exceptions, and exception hierarchies. Finally, it provides an example of implementing exception handling in a C++ program to handle divide-by-zero errors.
This document discusses Java exception handling. It covers the exception hierarchy, keywords like try, catch, throw, throws and finally. It explains how to handle exceptions, create custom exception subclasses, and Java's built-in exceptions. Exception handling allows programs to define error handling blocks to gracefully handle runtime errors rather than crashing.
The exception hierarchy
Exception handling fundamentals
Try and catch
The consequences of an uncaught exception
Using multiple catch statements
Catching subclass exceptions
Nested try blocks
Throwing an exception
Re-throwing an exception
Using finally
Using throws
Java’s built-in exception
Creating exception subclasses
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines exceptions as problems that occur during program execution. Exception handling allows programs to continue running or gracefully exit after errors. The key aspects covered are:
- try/catch blocks define code that may throw exceptions and error handling code
- Functions can specify which exceptions they may throw
- Exceptions propagate up the call stack and are caught by outer blocks or cause program termination if uncaught
- Stack unwinding cleans up function calls as exceptions bubble up
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It provides information on key concepts like try, catch, and throw blocks. It also discusses exception classes in C++, defining custom exceptions, and how exceptions affect object destruction. Templates and the Standard Template Library (STL) are also covered at a high level.
Unit II Java & J2EE regarding Java application developmentrohitgudasi18
This document discusses exception handling and multithreaded programming in Java. It covers exception handling fundamentals including try, catch, throw, throws and finally blocks. It also discusses uncaught exceptions, displaying exception descriptions, and multiple catch clauses. It covers threading fundamentals such as thread priorities, synchronization, and messaging between threads. It discusses the Thread class, Runnable interface, and methods for creating and controlling threads such as start(), sleep(), setName(), and getName().
This 5-day workshop covers testing and exceptions in Java. It discusses using assertions to verify assumptions and exceptions to handle errors. Assertions are disabled by default and can be enabled with flags. The document covers when to use assertions, unchecked vs checked exceptions, and try-catch syntax. It provides examples of using assertions to find bugs and handling exceptions with try-catch blocks and throwing exceptions. Finally, it discusses unit testing and the JUnit framework.
Exceptions in C++ Object Oriented Programming.pptxestorebackupr
Exceptions in C++
General mechanism for handling abnormal conditions
Predefined exceptions: Constraint violations, I/O errors, other illegalities
User-defined exceptions
Exception handlers specify remedial actions or proper shutdown.
Exception handling (EH) allows a programmer to provide code in the program to handle run-time errors or exceptional situations
this improves reliability
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow when errors occur. Exceptions are handled through try, catch, and finally blocks. Checked exceptions must be caught or declared, while unchecked exceptions extend RuntimeException and do not require handling. Finally blocks ensure code is executed after a try block completes. Examples demonstrate catching specific exceptions and using finally. Custom exceptions must extend Exception or RuntimeException.
An exception is an error condition or unexpected behavior encountered during program execution. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, the catch block handles the exception if it occurs, and the finally block contains cleanup code that always executes. Common .NET exception classes include ArgumentException, NullReferenceException, and IndexOutOfRangeException. Exceptions provide a standard way to handle runtime errors in programs and allow the programmer to define specific behavior in error cases.
Exception Handling in Java involves using try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle errors and exceptions at runtime. An exception is an abnormal condition that occurs during execution. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. Catch blocks handle specific exceptions. Finally blocks contain cleanup code. Methods use throws to declare exceptions they can throw but don't handle. Developers can create custom exception subclasses for application-specific exceptions.
Ch-1_5.pdf this is java tutorials for allHayomeTakele
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that occur during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. It describes different types of exceptions like checked, unchecked, and errors. It explains concepts like exception handling syntax using try, catch, finally blocks to maintain program flow. It provides examples to demonstrate exception handling and resolving exceptions in catch blocks.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to handle errors and unexpected situations gracefully. There are three main components to exception handling: try, catch, and finally. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains important cleanup code that always executes whether an exception was thrown or not. Exceptions can be handled for different exception classes and with the throw and throws keywords. User-defined exceptions can also be created by extending the Exception class. Exception handling prevents programs from crashing and allows specific handling for different error situations.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines different types of errors like logical errors, compilation errors, and runtime errors. It explains checked and unchecked exceptions. It describes how to handle exceptions using try, catch, and finally blocks. It provides examples of handling ArithmeticException and other exceptions. It also discusses multi-catch, throw statement, re-throwing exceptions, and throws keyword to declare exceptions in method signatures.
The document introduces C++ templates and exceptions. It discusses three approaches to functions that implement identical tasks for different data types: the naïve approach with unique function names, function overloading with the same name, and function templates where the compiler generates individual functions. It also covers class templates where the compiler generates distinct class types, and how to instantiate class and function templates by substituting the template argument. Finally, it discusses exception handling in C++ using try, throw, catch blocks to handle errors and exceptions thrown during program execution.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to gracefully handle errors and unexpected conditions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions, while catch blocks catch specific exception types. Finally blocks contain cleanup code that always executes whether an exception occurs or not. Programmers can throw exceptions themselves and catch or rethrow exceptions to defer handling to an outer scope. Finally blocks ensure resources are released properly.
The document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as an unexpected event that disrupts normal program flow, such as divide-by-zero errors. Exception handling allows programs to deal with anomalous situations through try-catch blocks. Code that could cause errors is placed in a try block, while catch blocks handle any exceptions thrown. The document provides examples of exceptions being thrown and caught for issues like invalid inputs, out of memory errors, and array out of bounds.
This document discusses exception handling in C++ and Java. It defines what exceptions are and explains that exception handling separates error handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust. It covers try/catch blocks, throwing and catching exceptions, and exception hierarchies. Finally, it provides an example of implementing exception handling in a C++ program to handle divide-by-zero errors.
This document discusses Java exception handling. It covers the exception hierarchy, keywords like try, catch, throw, throws and finally. It explains how to handle exceptions, create custom exception subclasses, and Java's built-in exceptions. Exception handling allows programs to define error handling blocks to gracefully handle runtime errors rather than crashing.
The exception hierarchy
Exception handling fundamentals
Try and catch
The consequences of an uncaught exception
Using multiple catch statements
Catching subclass exceptions
Nested try blocks
Throwing an exception
Re-throwing an exception
Using finally
Using throws
Java’s built-in exception
Creating exception subclasses
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines exceptions as problems that occur during program execution. Exception handling allows programs to continue running or gracefully exit after errors. The key aspects covered are:
- try/catch blocks define code that may throw exceptions and error handling code
- Functions can specify which exceptions they may throw
- Exceptions propagate up the call stack and are caught by outer blocks or cause program termination if uncaught
- Stack unwinding cleans up function calls as exceptions bubble up
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It provides information on key concepts like try, catch, and throw blocks. It also discusses exception classes in C++, defining custom exceptions, and how exceptions affect object destruction. Templates and the Standard Template Library (STL) are also covered at a high level.
Unit II Java & J2EE regarding Java application developmentrohitgudasi18
This document discusses exception handling and multithreaded programming in Java. It covers exception handling fundamentals including try, catch, throw, throws and finally blocks. It also discusses uncaught exceptions, displaying exception descriptions, and multiple catch clauses. It covers threading fundamentals such as thread priorities, synchronization, and messaging between threads. It discusses the Thread class, Runnable interface, and methods for creating and controlling threads such as start(), sleep(), setName(), and getName().
This 5-day workshop covers testing and exceptions in Java. It discusses using assertions to verify assumptions and exceptions to handle errors. Assertions are disabled by default and can be enabled with flags. The document covers when to use assertions, unchecked vs checked exceptions, and try-catch syntax. It provides examples of using assertions to find bugs and handling exceptions with try-catch blocks and throwing exceptions. Finally, it discusses unit testing and the JUnit framework.
Exceptions in C++ Object Oriented Programming.pptxestorebackupr
Exceptions in C++
General mechanism for handling abnormal conditions
Predefined exceptions: Constraint violations, I/O errors, other illegalities
User-defined exceptions
Exception handlers specify remedial actions or proper shutdown.
Exception handling (EH) allows a programmer to provide code in the program to handle run-time errors or exceptional situations
this improves reliability
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow when errors occur. Exceptions are handled through try, catch, and finally blocks. Checked exceptions must be caught or declared, while unchecked exceptions extend RuntimeException and do not require handling. Finally blocks ensure code is executed after a try block completes. Examples demonstrate catching specific exceptions and using finally. Custom exceptions must extend Exception or RuntimeException.
An exception is an error condition or unexpected behavior encountered during program execution. Exceptions are handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The try block contains code that might throw an exception, the catch block handles the exception if it occurs, and the finally block contains cleanup code that always executes. Common .NET exception classes include ArgumentException, NullReferenceException, and IndexOutOfRangeException. Exceptions provide a standard way to handle runtime errors in programs and allow the programmer to define specific behavior in error cases.
Exception Handling in Java involves using try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle errors and exceptions at runtime. An exception is an abnormal condition that occurs during execution. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. Catch blocks handle specific exceptions. Finally blocks contain cleanup code. Methods use throws to declare exceptions they can throw but don't handle. Developers can create custom exception subclasses for application-specific exceptions.
Ch-1_5.pdf this is java tutorials for allHayomeTakele
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that occur during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. It describes different types of exceptions like checked, unchecked, and errors. It explains concepts like exception handling syntax using try, catch, finally blocks to maintain program flow. It provides examples to demonstrate exception handling and resolving exceptions in catch blocks.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to handle errors and unexpected situations gracefully. There are three main components to exception handling: try, catch, and finally. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains important cleanup code that always executes whether an exception was thrown or not. Exceptions can be handled for different exception classes and with the throw and throws keywords. User-defined exceptions can also be created by extending the Exception class. Exception handling prevents programs from crashing and allows specific handling for different error situations.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines different types of errors like logical errors, compilation errors, and runtime errors. It explains checked and unchecked exceptions. It describes how to handle exceptions using try, catch, and finally blocks. It provides examples of handling ArithmeticException and other exceptions. It also discusses multi-catch, throw statement, re-throwing exceptions, and throws keyword to declare exceptions in method signatures.
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Managing External Environment and Organizational Culture.pdfZenLooper
This document discusses external factors that influence organizational management and culture. It covers the economic, demographic, and regulatory environments that impact managers. Managers face constraints from changes like recessions that eliminate jobs. Organizational culture is shaped by its founders and leadership and influences managerial decisions. Creating an innovative culture involves traits like risk-taking and debate, while a customer-responsive culture empowers employees and listens to customers. Analyzing external factors using techniques like PESTEL and SWOT helps managers understand their operating environment.
Planning Work Activities and their benefits.pdfZenLooper
The document discusses planning in organizations. It defines planning as defining goals, strategies, and plans to coordinate work activities. Managers plan to provide direction, reduce uncertainty, minimize waste, and set standards for control. Formal planning is associated with positive financial results when implementation quality is high. Goals and plans are types of formal planning documents, and goals can be financial, strategic, stated, or real. Different types of plans include strategic, operational, short-term, long-term, specific, and directional plans. Approaches to planning include traditional top-down goal setting, management by objectives, and involving all levels in the planning process. Contingency factors like environmental uncertainty and commitment length affect planning.
The document discusses decision making and management. It describes the eight steps in the decision-making process as identifying a problem, criteria, weighting criteria, developing alternatives, analyzing alternatives, selecting an alternative, implementing it, and evaluating. It also discusses five approaches managers use: rationality, bounded rationality, intuition, evidence-based management, and crowdsourcing. Finally, it covers how biases can negatively influence decision making.
rules of inference in discrete structuresZenLooper
The document discusses rules of inference in propositional logic. It defines rules of inference as templates for valid arguments that can be used to construct more complex arguments. Several common rules are described, including modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, and resolution. Examples are provided to demonstrate how each rule works and how multiple rules can be combined to determine the validity of arguments with multiple premises.
Arguments in discreate structures and stuffZenLooper
The document discusses logic and arguments. It defines an argument as a set of premises followed by a conclusion. An argument is valid if the conclusion is true when all the premises are true. Otherwise, the argument is invalid. Examples of valid and invalid arguments are examined using truth tables. Logical operators like implication, conjunction, and disjunction are used to symbolize arguments. Word problems involving teams and bonuses are translated into symbolic logic and checked for validity.
Laws of Logic in Discrete Structures and their applicationsZenLooper
The document discusses laws of logic and logical equivalences. It provides examples of applying logical laws such as DeMorgan's law, double negative law, and distributive law to simplify logical statements. Conditional statements are introduced and their truth tables are shown. Different logical equivalences involving implications are proven using truth tables. The inverse, converse, and contrapositive of conditional statements are defined and examples are given.
This document discusses truth tables and logical equivalences in propositional logic. It defines truth tables for various logical connectives like negation, conjunction, and disjunction. It also defines logical concepts like tautology, contradiction, and De Morgan's laws. Examples are provided to illustrate double negation, associative laws, distributive laws, and how to determine if a statement is a tautology or contradiction using truth tables.
discrete structures and their introductionZenLooper
This document provides an introduction to a discrete structures/mathematics course. It discusses how discrete structures are relevant to computer science given computers use binary digits. It also lists some applications of discrete structures in areas like management science and networks. The document outlines topics to be covered in the course like logic, sets, functions, and graphs. It provides information on assessments, textbooks, and contact information for the instructor.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
2. Exception Handling
• Exceptions are errors that occur at runtime.
• They are caused by a wide variety of exceptional circumstance, such
as running out of memory, not being able to open a file, trying to
initialize an object to an impossible value.
• The process of handling these exceptions is called exception handling.
• Using the exception handling mechanism, the control from one part
of the program where the exception occurred can be transferred to
another part of the code.
• Using exception handling in C++, we can handle the exceptions so
that our program keeps running.
3. Exception Handling
• C++ provides an inbuilt feature for Exception Handling.
• It can be done using the following specialized keywords: try, catch,
and throw with each having a different purpose.
try {
// Code that might throw an exception
throw SomeExceptionType("Error message");
}
catch( ExceptionName e1 ) {
// catch block catches the exception that is thrown from try block
}
4. #include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// try block
try {
int numerator = 10;
int denominator = 0;
int res;
// check if denominator is 0 then throw runtime
// error.
if (denominator == 0) {
throw runtime_error(
"Division by zero not allowed!");
}
// calculate result if no exception occurs
res = numerator / denominator;
//[printing result after division
cout << "Result after division: " << res << endl;
}
// catch block to catch the thrown exception
catch (const exception& e) {
// print the exception
cout << "Exception " << e.what() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output
Exception Division by zero not allowed!
5. #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x = -1;
// Some code
cout << "Before try n";
// try block
try {
cout << "Inside try n";
if (x < 0) {
// throwing an exception
throw x;
cout << "After throw (Never executed) n";
}
}
// catch block
catch (int x) {
cout << "Exception Caught n";
}
cout << "After catch (Will be executed) n";
return 0;
}
Output
Before try Inside try Exception Caught After catch
(Will be executed)
6. Special Catch block
• There is a special catch block called the ‘catch-all’ block, written as catch(…), that
can be used to catch all types of exceptions.
9. Standard Exception classes
• Standard Exception Classes:
• C++ provides several standard exception classes, such as
std::runtime_error, std::logic_error, std::invalid_argument, etc., which
can be used to represent different types of errors.
11. Practice Question
• Write a C++ function named calculateSumOfSquares that takes three parameters of type int. The function
should calculate the sum of squares of all the parameters if the following conditions are met:
• All parameters are different.
• All parameters are positive.
• All parameters are odd.
If any of these conditions are not met, the function should throw different exceptions:
• If the parameters are not different, throw an exception with the message "Parameters must be different".
• If any parameter is not positive, throw an exception with the message "Parameters must be positive".
• If any parameter is not odd, throw an exception with the message "Parameters must be odd".
In the main function:
• Prompt the user to input three integers.
• Call the calculateSumOfSquares function with the user-provided integers as arguments.
• Handle any exceptions thrown by the function and display appropriate error messages.
• If no exceptions are thrown, display the calculated sum of squares.