developments for the protection of biological diversity
The role of economics
a decade for biodiversity
action needed this decade
strategic goals
the convention on biological diversity
strategic plan for biodiversity
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Lec 8.pptx National Parks of Pakistan, Laws in a National Park,
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3. National Parks of Pakistan
The definition of National Park approved by IUCN is:
“A National Park is a relatively large area (at least 1000 hectares)”.
Where one or several ecosystems are not materially altered by
human exploitation and occupation, where plant and animal spp,
geomorphologic sites and habitats are of special scientific, educative
and re-creative interest or which contains natural landscapes of great
beauty.
Where the highest competent authority of the country has taken steps
to prevent or eliminate as soon as possible, exploitation or
occupation in the whole area and to enforce effectively the respect of
ecological, geomorphologic or aesthetic features which have to its
establishment
Where visitors are allowed to enter, under special conditions, for
inspirational cultural and recreative purposes.
4. Laws in a National Park
Hunting, shooting, trapping, killing, or capturing of any wild
animal inside or within a radius of three miles of its boundaries.
Firing of guns or any other acts which may disturb the wildlife or
interfere with their breeding places.
Felling, tapping, burning, or in any way damaging or destroying,
taking, collecting or removing any plant or tree therefrom.
Clearing or breaking up any land for cultivation.
Construction of human settlements, roads, highways, railway line
or damaging land for mining or oil and gas exploration
Polluting water flowing in and through the National park.
5. Pakistan has 29 protected areas known as national parks.
As of 2012, 22 of these are under the supervision of
respective provincial governments and remaining are in
private care. Only some of these are under the conservation
scope of IUCN.
Protection and conservation of the environment of Pakistan
were included in the concurrent constitution of 1973.
6.
7.
8. A Decade for Biodiversity
2011-2020 the United Nations Decade
on Biodiversity, with a view to
contributing to the implementation of
the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity
2011-2020,
Requests the Secretary-General, in this
regard, in consultation with Member
States, to lead the coordination of the
activities of the Decade on behalf of the
UN system, with the support of the CBD
secretariat and the secretariats of other
biodiversity-related conventions and
relevant UN funds, programmes and
agencies, and
Invites Member States in a position to do
so to contribute, on a voluntary basis, to
the funding of the activities of the
Decade.
9. Greater range of options than
previously recognized
Inaction is more expensive in the
long run than investing in action now
The action taken over the next decade
or two will determine whether the
relatively stable environmental
conditions on which human
civilization has depended for the past
10,000 years will continue beyond this
century.
If we fail to use this opportunity, many
ecosystems on the planet will move
into new, unprecedented states in
which the capacity to provide for the
needs of present and future
generations is highly uncertain
(“tipping points”).
Action needed this decade
10. A. Address the underlying causes
of biodiversity loss
(mainstreaming)
B. Reduce the direct pressures and
promote sustainable use
C. Directly safeguard ecosystems,
species and genetic diversity
D. Enhance the benefits to all from
biodiversity and ecosystem
services
E. Enhance implementation
through participatory planning,
knowledge management and
capacity building
Strategic Goals
11. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Signed by 150 government leaders at the 1992 Rio Earth
Summit, the Convention on Biological Diversity is
dedicated to promoting sustainable development.
Convention recognizes that biological diversity is about
more than plants, animals and micro organisms and their
ecosystems – it is about people and our need for food
security, medicines, fresh air and water, shelter, and a clean
and healthy environment in which to live.
12. Vision: Living in harmony with nature. By 2050, biodiversity
is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used,
maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy
planet and delivering benefits essential for all people.”
Mission Take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of
biodiversity in order to ensure that by 2020 ecosystems
are resilient and continue to provide essential services,
thereby securing the planet’s variety of life, and
contributing to human well-being, and poverty eradication
Biodiversity Targets
Implementation mechanisms
Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020
13. Biodiversity Targets
Strategic Goal A: Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss
by mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
Strategic Goal B: Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and
promote sustainable use
Strategic Goal C: To improve the status of biodiversity by
safeguarding ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
Strategic Goal D: Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and
ecosystem services
Strategic Goal E: Enhance implementation through participatory
planning, knowledge management and capacity building
14. Biodiversity monitoring,
The Challenge
Biodiversity loss continues at alarming rates. In the last
century the loss was 1.000 to 10.000 times higher than in
the natural average of earth’s history.
Biodiversity loss together with climate change is seen as
the most critical global environmental threat
15. Indicators
Status and trends of components of biodiversity
Threats to biodiversity
Ecosystem integrity and ecosystem goods and services
Sustainable use
Status of resource transfers
Status of access and benefit sharing
16. Monitoring Biological Diversity for
Setting Priorities in Conservation
Identifying the elements of biological diversity and
monitoring their changes through time
not all species and ecosystems will be identified, named,
cataloged, and studied in any detail
Only 1.4 million of these have been described and named,
and a tiny fraction of them have been studied thoroughly
for potential use by humans.
A real problem when we try to determine how well
various ecosystems are protected or represented in the
global, national, and state systems of protected areas
(Harrison et al., 1984).
17. The Gap Analysis Concept
First identify and classify the various elements of
biological diversity in several ways.
Then examine the existing and proposed systems of
protected areas and other land-management units that help
conserve biological diversity.
Finally, using various classifications, determine which
elements (e.g., major ecosystems, vegetation types, habitat
types, species) are unrepresented or poorly represented in
the existing system of conservation areas.
18. Biodiversity Strategy Objectives
The five objectives of the strategy are to:
1)Improve the sustainability of protected area systems;
2)Mainstream biodiversity conservation and sustainable use
into production landscapes/seascapes and sectors;
3)Build capacity to implement the Cartagena Protocol on
Biosafety;
4)Build capacity on access to genetic resources and benefit-
sharing; and
5)Integrate CBD obligations into national planning processes
through enabling activities.
19. Capacity Building
• Support for revision of NBSAPs
Knowledge Network: Clearing House Mechanism and technology transfer
• National CHM nodes and central CHM
• Database and exchange of good practice, tools and guidance
• Networks of communities of practice and institutions
• Evidence-based review
Financial Resources
• Biodiversity focal area
• Targets/Indicators in Resource Mobilization Strategy
• Innovative mechanisms
Initiatives to enhance cooperation
• Plan of action for cities and local governments
• Engagement of Parliamentarians
Supporting Mechanisms for monitoring and assessment
• IPBES (Assessment)
• GEO-Biodiversity Observation Network
• DIVERSITAS & other global change research programmes
Mechanisms to support implementation
20. What is CITES?
CITES (the Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an
international agreement between governments. Its aim is to
ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals
and plants does not threaten the survival of the species.
21. The Cartagena Protocol on
Biosafety
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on
Biological Diversity is an international agreement which
aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living
modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern
biotechnology that may have adverse effects on biological
diversity, taking also into account risks to human health. It
was adopted on 29 January 2000 and entered into force on
11 September 2003.
