kinesiology (this file is related to dpt)

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2. ACTIVE
MOVEMENTS
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3. ACTIVE MOVEMENT
ACTIVE MOVEMENT
The movement which is done by the patient himself is
said to be Active movement.
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4. Types of Active Movements
Active movements are classified into four varieties.
1. Assisted
2. Free
3. Assisted And Resisted
4. Resisted
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5. Assisted Exercise
The muscles has the strength or endurance but is not
sufficient to perform an activity or control an action.
Types of Assisted Exercise
• active
• Manual
passive
• Mechanical
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6. ACTIVE ASSISTANCE
The patient himself can assist with his opposite extremity to
perform the assisted exercise.
 For example
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7. PASSIVE ASSISTANCE
It is classified into two types
• MANUAL ASSISTED EXERCISE:
The passive assistance given by an external source.
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8. • MECHANICAL ASSISTED EXERCISE:
The assistance given with the help of an mechanical device.
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9. PRINCIPES
 RANGE: The assistance given is changeable depends on the range.
 COMMAND: Some command is needed to activate the patient
and to perform effective movements.
 CONCENTRATION: Concentration of the patient is must in
assisted exercise otherwise the movement will be passive in
character.
 SPEED: Speed determine the assisted exercise more.
 REPETITION: The movement has to be repeated so that the joint
range and the muscle power can be improved.
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10. Uses
• Increase ROM of the joint
• Increase the strength, power and the endurance of the
muscle
• Reduces the spasm of the muscles
• It reminds the coordinated movement of the joint or a
muscle.
• Increase the blood circulation and venous return to the
joint and muscle.
• It stretches the tightened soft tissue
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11. FREE EXERCISES
The exercise which are performed by the patient himself without
any assistance and resistance by the external force except the
gravity.
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12.  Types of Free Exercise
There are two types of free exercise
• Localized: Free exercise that are planned and formed to
perform to improve one particular joint range or to increase the
strength and endurance of one group of muscle.
FOR EXAMPLE: Exercise to knee joint.
• General Body: Type of free exercise that are formed to
increase the joint range in multiple joints or to increase the
strength and endurance of many group or total body muscle.
FOR EXAMPLE: Jogging relaxed walking.
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13. CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE EXERCISE
There are two characteristics of free exercise.
 SUBJECTIVE: It means performing the movement within the
perfect anatomical range and pattern. Patient has to concentrate on
the perfection of movement.
OBJECTIVE: There will be some goal to achieve in the exercise
program, but not spoiling the perfect pattern and anatomical range
movement.
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14. Uses
• Increases the joint range
• Increases the muscle strength, power and endurance
• Increases the neuromuscular coordination
• Increase the circulation and venous drainage
• Increases the relaxation of the muscle by swinging movements and the pendulum
movement
• Repeated active movement breaks the adhesion formation and elongates the shortened
soft tissues
• Regulating the cardiorespiratory function, and the active exercise increases the
respiratory and venous return so that the O2 supply to muscles and the blood circulation
to the muscles increases
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15. RESISTED EXERCISE
The exercise which are performed by opposing the mechanical or
manual resistance is called resisted exercise.
• Types of Resisted Exercise
1. Manual
2. Mechanical
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16. Manual Resisted Exercise
In this resisted exercise the resistance can be applied be applied by
 The Therapist
 Patient himself
 Any other medical proffessionals.
 Relatives and friends.
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17. Mechanical resisted exercise
If the mechanical device are used to oppose the active movement
of a person is called as mechanical resisted exercise. Mechanical
exercise can be performed by the following:
 Weights
 Springs
 Pulleys
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18. • Resisted exercise increase the muscle bulk and strength earlier
than any other exercise program.
• We can increase the resistance by altering the below mentioned
factors
1. BY ALTERING THE LEVERAGE
2. BY INCREASING THE WEIGHT
3. BY ALTERING THE SPEED
4. BY CHANGING THE DURATION
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19. Uses of resisted exercises
• Increases the endurance of the muscle
• Powerful muscle contraction increases the blood flow of the muscle
fiber and it gets nutrition and the O2
• Resisted exercise increases the muscular power. Power is related to
the strength of the muscle and the speed
• Power = force X Distance/time
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20. Assisted-resisted exercises
• Muscles may be strong enough to work against
resistance in part of the range and not in others.
• At one point strength is high at the other muscle is
weak .
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21. Uses Of ACTIVE MOVEMENTS
• Increases the joint range.
• Increases the muscles strength , power and endurance .
• Increase neuromuscular coordination.
• Increase the circulation and venous drainage.
• Repeated active movements breaks the adhesions formation and
elongates the shortened soft tissues.
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