All the teachings which Islam gives and instructs are in full conformity with the human nature. They are applicable in all situations and circumstances. There is no excesses or deficiencies found in them. One who acts according to the teachings of Islam is basically acting according to what nature demands of him. Thus in this way, he is fulfilling the genuine demands of the nature on the one hand, and is simultaneously gaining the pleasure of the Lord of the universe on the other hand. The present paper deals with the explanation of how Islam and its principles steer clear of the extremes in all matters of human life. Many examples have been cited to illustrate how the teachings of Islam are free from all kinds of excesses and deficiencies. Light is also thrown on the importance of justly balanced community; its principles, aims, duties, objectives and purpose. Dr. Burhan Rashid"Justly Balanced Community: Concept, Principles and Aims" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd15670.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/15670/justly-balanced-community-concept-principles-and-aims/dr-burhan-rashid
73 Divisions in Islam and One True Jama' atmuzaffertahir9
Introduction
It is commonly said that religions are more a cause of division than of unity, for mankind. It would therefore follow that if all religions are from One God, then surely He is to blame for the sorry state of our world? However, unsurprisingly, quite the opposite is true. God has always been a source of unity for man, and it is man that has repeatedly chosen to break away from this unity. The teachings of God has always provided a perfect guidance for a just and peaceful existence, when people estrange themselves from those teachings, the result is that they are no longer practiced, and that is when true faith leaves the hearts of people. It is through God's Mercy that He sends down reformers to re-establish the true faith in the earth, these reformers are invariably faced with opposition and enmity from those around them. History abounds with such examples.
A similar reformation was started by Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS) in Indo-Pak subcontinent in late 1800's. He established the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam and claimed to be the Promised Mehdi and Messiah for Muslims. His purpose in establishing such a movement was to reform and collect a party of servants of Allah dedicated to the service of mankind and bringing people closer to Allah. However, the religious divines of his time saw him as a threat to their beliefs and thus stepped up their opposition to his message. The greatest of opposition and persecution came from his fellow Muslims. Leaders of Muslim groups or Mullahs regarded Ahmadi Muslims to be out of the pale of Islam but their hostility did not stop there.
In 1953 the political expediencies of some Mullahs prompted to exploit the Ahmadiyya Muslim issue which resulted in the eruption of mob violence. This agitation was launched by Majlis-e-Ahrar which had no political career in Pakistan because of its anti-Pakistan stance during partition. They tried to use this issue to seek some political standing in newly established Muslim state by exploiting people's religious feelings a fact that was later established by Munir report. In 1974, seeing its grip loosening on the government, the party in power again staged a drama and exploited the same issue to turn the events in their favor. Being under tremendous pressure from King Faisal, according to The Guardian (UK) (9th Sept. 1974), Mr. Bhutto staged the Rabwah incidence and dumped the matter into the lap of national assembly which turned itself into a special committee. This committee invited the leaders of all the sects considered to be associated with the Islamic faith (72 in number) to hold a debate on the matter of Finality of prophethood (i.e. if a prophet could come after Muhammad, peace be upon him, or not) with the leadership of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam. The proceedings of these hearings were never made public. At the end of this pseudo-hearing all the leaders of 72 sects unanimously declared Ahmadis to be non-Muslims, which the special committee adopted as an..
If Islam Means Peace, Why Is Much Of Its Theology Soaked In Hatred, Humiliati...Islamic Religion
Around the world joined the so-called Islamic State’s war against humanity has puzzled many. How could a peaceful, pluralistic religion be subverted so easily to create inhuman monsters?
Radde Wahabiya (English Translation) - by Ayatullah Al Uzma Syed Ali Naqi Naq...Jamal Mirza
Ayatullah Sayed Ali naqi Naqvi (t.s.), an Islamic jurist (Mujtahid) from lucknow, India, who graduated from Najaf, Iraq. He wrote more than 100 books including Tafseer e Quran and Tareekh e Islam and and 1000 booklets in Arabic, Persian and Urdu. His books were published in 12 Indian languages. He is among the most learned Islamic scholars in Indian History.
His first book published in Arabic was in Najaf during his days as a student and was among the first books written against Wahabis. It was entitled 'Kashfun Naqab an Aqaid Abdul Wahhab Najdi'. His second book in Arabic was in defense of the mourning acts for martyrdom of Imam Husain (a.s),entitled 'Aqalatalaashir fi Eqamatalshaaer'. Since the actual book is in Arabic, from which people of India and Pakistan cannot benefit in general, therefore, he revised it with additions in Urdu language. This English edition is the translation of Urdu version.
We are grateful to Syed mansoor Hussain Rizvi for sponsoring the translation of this beneficial book.
English Translation and notes by:
Syed Athar Husain Rizvi
PhD Thesis of Syed Rizwan Zamir on Syedul Ulama Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi t.s.Jamal Mirza
PhD Thesis of Syed Rizwan Zamir on Syedul Ulama Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi t.s.
SYED RIZWAN ZAMIR
EDUCATION
Ph.D. University of Virginia
B.A. James Madison University
B.A. University of Punjab
I teach introductory and advanced courses in the area of Islamic studies, specializing in Islamic thought and spirituality.
BACKGROUND
My scholarly interests in Islamic studies include Shi'ite thought and spirituality, Sufi metaphysics, cosmology and psychology, transcendent theosophy of Mulla Sadra, virtue and narrative ethics within the Islamic intellectual context, varieties of Islamic mystical expressions, contemporary debates and trends in Muslim thought, and mystical and intellectual traditions of South Asian Islam.
Beyond Islamic studies, my intellectual interests encompass comparative scriptural hermeneutics, comparative theology and mysticism, and inter-faith dialogue, for example, Scriptural Reasoning.
My dissertation focused on South Asian Shi'ism and the religious thought of a major contemporary Indian Shi'ite religious scholar and leader, Ayatullah 'Ali Naqi Naqvi (d. 1988). Aside from numerous encyclopedia entries and book reviews, I have written "Descartes and al-Ghazali: Doubt, Certitude and Light" (Islamic Studies, 2010) and "Tafsir al-Qur'an bi 'l Qur'an: The Hermeneutics of Imitation and Adab in Ibn 'Arabi's Interpretation of the Qur'an" (Islamic Studies, 2011), and a book chapter for The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies (ed. Clinton Bennett, 2013) that surveys the western academic study of Shi'ite Islam. I am currently working on a book-length comparative study of Sunni and Shi'ite Islam and a book chapter "Sufi Mediation of the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide: Premodern Precedents, Contemporary Articulations" for an upcoming volume on Sufism and Religious Pluralism.
Since March 2012 I co-chair the Study of Islam section of the American Academy of Religion, Southeast Region (SECSOR). I joined the department of Religion in fall 2010.
TEACHING
Introduction to Islam
Sunni and Shi'ite Islam
Islamic Mysticism
Islamic Eschatology
Islamic Ethics
Islam in the Modern Age
Classics of Islamic Literature
CONTACT INFO
Rizwan Zamir
Assistant Professor
Religion Department
Box 7026
Davidson, NC 28035
704-894-2950
Fax: 704-894-2005
rizamir@davidson.edu
Office: Preyer 201A
Office Hours: by appointment
The document discusses several topics related to Islam. It begins with seeking refuge in Allah from Satan and includes the Shahadah. It then defines some key principles of Islam including belief in Allah, the prophethood of Muhammad, the Quran, angels, judgment day, and the afterlife. It also discusses how Islam considers both revelation and reasoning in acquiring knowledge. It notes the difference between the aims of philosophy and religion. Finally, it provides overview of Surah Al-Anfal and Surah At-Tawbah from the Quran.
The document discusses key aspects of Islam including its fundamental principles of faith and religious duties. It explains that Islam considers revelation, reason, and sense perception in acquiring knowledge. The main principles of faith are the oneness of God, prophethood of Muhammad, the Quran, previous prophets, angels, the day of judgment, and life after death. When one enters Islam, they are bound to fulfill religious duties like prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity, and jihad. The document also discusses the difference between the theoretical nature of philosophy versus the practical aims of religion, and how early Muslim scholars used Greek philosophy but replaced the term with "hikmah" which had a wider religious perspective. It provides summaries of
Allama murtaza mutahhari the awaited saviourrizwanamacha
This document is a book about the Mahdi, referred to as the Awaited Saviour in Shi'ite Islam. It contains 10 chapters discussing topics like who the Mahdi is according to Islamic traditions, objections to the Mahdi, replies to objections, the Mahdi's revolution and final victory, expectations of solace, and interpretations of history. It aims to augment readers' faith in the Mahdi and satisfy their intellectual curiosity on the subject through scholarly treatment of the prophecies and traditions related to the Mahdi in both Shi'ite and Sunni Islam.
73 Divisions in Islam and One True Jama' atmuzaffertahir9
Introduction
It is commonly said that religions are more a cause of division than of unity, for mankind. It would therefore follow that if all religions are from One God, then surely He is to blame for the sorry state of our world? However, unsurprisingly, quite the opposite is true. God has always been a source of unity for man, and it is man that has repeatedly chosen to break away from this unity. The teachings of God has always provided a perfect guidance for a just and peaceful existence, when people estrange themselves from those teachings, the result is that they are no longer practiced, and that is when true faith leaves the hearts of people. It is through God's Mercy that He sends down reformers to re-establish the true faith in the earth, these reformers are invariably faced with opposition and enmity from those around them. History abounds with such examples.
A similar reformation was started by Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (AS) in Indo-Pak subcontinent in late 1800's. He established the Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam and claimed to be the Promised Mehdi and Messiah for Muslims. His purpose in establishing such a movement was to reform and collect a party of servants of Allah dedicated to the service of mankind and bringing people closer to Allah. However, the religious divines of his time saw him as a threat to their beliefs and thus stepped up their opposition to his message. The greatest of opposition and persecution came from his fellow Muslims. Leaders of Muslim groups or Mullahs regarded Ahmadi Muslims to be out of the pale of Islam but their hostility did not stop there.
In 1953 the political expediencies of some Mullahs prompted to exploit the Ahmadiyya Muslim issue which resulted in the eruption of mob violence. This agitation was launched by Majlis-e-Ahrar which had no political career in Pakistan because of its anti-Pakistan stance during partition. They tried to use this issue to seek some political standing in newly established Muslim state by exploiting people's religious feelings a fact that was later established by Munir report. In 1974, seeing its grip loosening on the government, the party in power again staged a drama and exploited the same issue to turn the events in their favor. Being under tremendous pressure from King Faisal, according to The Guardian (UK) (9th Sept. 1974), Mr. Bhutto staged the Rabwah incidence and dumped the matter into the lap of national assembly which turned itself into a special committee. This committee invited the leaders of all the sects considered to be associated with the Islamic faith (72 in number) to hold a debate on the matter of Finality of prophethood (i.e. if a prophet could come after Muhammad, peace be upon him, or not) with the leadership of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam. The proceedings of these hearings were never made public. At the end of this pseudo-hearing all the leaders of 72 sects unanimously declared Ahmadis to be non-Muslims, which the special committee adopted as an..
If Islam Means Peace, Why Is Much Of Its Theology Soaked In Hatred, Humiliati...Islamic Religion
Around the world joined the so-called Islamic State’s war against humanity has puzzled many. How could a peaceful, pluralistic religion be subverted so easily to create inhuman monsters?
Radde Wahabiya (English Translation) - by Ayatullah Al Uzma Syed Ali Naqi Naq...Jamal Mirza
Ayatullah Sayed Ali naqi Naqvi (t.s.), an Islamic jurist (Mujtahid) from lucknow, India, who graduated from Najaf, Iraq. He wrote more than 100 books including Tafseer e Quran and Tareekh e Islam and and 1000 booklets in Arabic, Persian and Urdu. His books were published in 12 Indian languages. He is among the most learned Islamic scholars in Indian History.
His first book published in Arabic was in Najaf during his days as a student and was among the first books written against Wahabis. It was entitled 'Kashfun Naqab an Aqaid Abdul Wahhab Najdi'. His second book in Arabic was in defense of the mourning acts for martyrdom of Imam Husain (a.s),entitled 'Aqalatalaashir fi Eqamatalshaaer'. Since the actual book is in Arabic, from which people of India and Pakistan cannot benefit in general, therefore, he revised it with additions in Urdu language. This English edition is the translation of Urdu version.
We are grateful to Syed mansoor Hussain Rizvi for sponsoring the translation of this beneficial book.
English Translation and notes by:
Syed Athar Husain Rizvi
PhD Thesis of Syed Rizwan Zamir on Syedul Ulama Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi t.s.Jamal Mirza
PhD Thesis of Syed Rizwan Zamir on Syedul Ulama Syed Ali Naqi Naqvi t.s.
SYED RIZWAN ZAMIR
EDUCATION
Ph.D. University of Virginia
B.A. James Madison University
B.A. University of Punjab
I teach introductory and advanced courses in the area of Islamic studies, specializing in Islamic thought and spirituality.
BACKGROUND
My scholarly interests in Islamic studies include Shi'ite thought and spirituality, Sufi metaphysics, cosmology and psychology, transcendent theosophy of Mulla Sadra, virtue and narrative ethics within the Islamic intellectual context, varieties of Islamic mystical expressions, contemporary debates and trends in Muslim thought, and mystical and intellectual traditions of South Asian Islam.
Beyond Islamic studies, my intellectual interests encompass comparative scriptural hermeneutics, comparative theology and mysticism, and inter-faith dialogue, for example, Scriptural Reasoning.
My dissertation focused on South Asian Shi'ism and the religious thought of a major contemporary Indian Shi'ite religious scholar and leader, Ayatullah 'Ali Naqi Naqvi (d. 1988). Aside from numerous encyclopedia entries and book reviews, I have written "Descartes and al-Ghazali: Doubt, Certitude and Light" (Islamic Studies, 2010) and "Tafsir al-Qur'an bi 'l Qur'an: The Hermeneutics of Imitation and Adab in Ibn 'Arabi's Interpretation of the Qur'an" (Islamic Studies, 2011), and a book chapter for The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies (ed. Clinton Bennett, 2013) that surveys the western academic study of Shi'ite Islam. I am currently working on a book-length comparative study of Sunni and Shi'ite Islam and a book chapter "Sufi Mediation of the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide: Premodern Precedents, Contemporary Articulations" for an upcoming volume on Sufism and Religious Pluralism.
Since March 2012 I co-chair the Study of Islam section of the American Academy of Religion, Southeast Region (SECSOR). I joined the department of Religion in fall 2010.
TEACHING
Introduction to Islam
Sunni and Shi'ite Islam
Islamic Mysticism
Islamic Eschatology
Islamic Ethics
Islam in the Modern Age
Classics of Islamic Literature
CONTACT INFO
Rizwan Zamir
Assistant Professor
Religion Department
Box 7026
Davidson, NC 28035
704-894-2950
Fax: 704-894-2005
rizamir@davidson.edu
Office: Preyer 201A
Office Hours: by appointment
The document discusses several topics related to Islam. It begins with seeking refuge in Allah from Satan and includes the Shahadah. It then defines some key principles of Islam including belief in Allah, the prophethood of Muhammad, the Quran, angels, judgment day, and the afterlife. It also discusses how Islam considers both revelation and reasoning in acquiring knowledge. It notes the difference between the aims of philosophy and religion. Finally, it provides overview of Surah Al-Anfal and Surah At-Tawbah from the Quran.
The document discusses key aspects of Islam including its fundamental principles of faith and religious duties. It explains that Islam considers revelation, reason, and sense perception in acquiring knowledge. The main principles of faith are the oneness of God, prophethood of Muhammad, the Quran, previous prophets, angels, the day of judgment, and life after death. When one enters Islam, they are bound to fulfill religious duties like prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, charity, and jihad. The document also discusses the difference between the theoretical nature of philosophy versus the practical aims of religion, and how early Muslim scholars used Greek philosophy but replaced the term with "hikmah" which had a wider religious perspective. It provides summaries of
Allama murtaza mutahhari the awaited saviourrizwanamacha
This document is a book about the Mahdi, referred to as the Awaited Saviour in Shi'ite Islam. It contains 10 chapters discussing topics like who the Mahdi is according to Islamic traditions, objections to the Mahdi, replies to objections, the Mahdi's revolution and final victory, expectations of solace, and interpretations of history. It aims to augment readers' faith in the Mahdi and satisfy their intellectual curiosity on the subject through scholarly treatment of the prophecies and traditions related to the Mahdi in both Shi'ite and Sunni Islam.
Islam, the religion of peace, friendship, kindness and mercymalisahmad
This document contains summaries of several papers on the topic of Takfir (excommunication) in Islam. The papers discuss how Takfir runs counter to Islamic principles of peace, mercy and friendship. They examine verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet and Islamic scholars that prohibit excommunicating or killing other Muslims. The papers aim to show that Takfiri groups have misinterpreted and misused religious texts to justify violence. They diverge from the consensus of Sunni and Shia scholars that declaring other Muslims as infidels based on theological differences is forbidden.
War and Peace in the life of the prophet muhammad (saw) by zakaria bashierdocsforu
war and Peace in the Life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), seeks
to bring into sharper focus the relevance of the Prophet’s exemplary life in our
times In doing so, the misperception is allayed that Islam is inextricably linked with violence. That Islam preaches and practises the ideals of peaceful coexistence and
freedom of faith is brought home with reference to the elucidation of the Qur’anic
verses which allow’ Muslims to wage war, if necessary. The same truth is illustrated
bs analyzing the Prophet’s conduct in war and his measures for ensuring peace. All
the maior battles in the early history of Islam are studied in the wider context of
Islamic teachings on war and peace .
Zakaria Bashier (b. 1940) obtained his BA and M.Litt. in Philosophy from the
f’niversitites of Khartoum, Sudan and Durham, UK respectively, and his PhD on
Islamic Philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh, USA. Apart from holding
faculty positions at the universities of Sudan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, he had also
been the Vice Chancellor of the University of Juba, Sudan. Presently he is Visiting
Professor at the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, Leicester, UK. He has to
his credit 14 books in Arabic and 8 in English, besides scores of articles in Journals
on a wide range of topics related to Islamic Studies. The present work concludes
the series of his books on Sira; the earlier titles being Life of the Prophet in Makkah,
Hijra: Story and Significance and Sunshine at Madina all published by the Islamic
Foundation, Leicester, UK.
ROLE OF MOSQUE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION || Australian Islamic Library || www.aust...Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
Visit Australian Islamic Library for a huge collection of Islamic books and multimedia:
www.australianislamiclibrary.org
www.facebook.com/australianislamiclibrary
This document provides an introduction to the study of Usul al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and key related terms:
- Usul al-Fiqh is the methodology for deriving rulings (ahkam) from Islamic legal sources like the Quran and hadith. It establishes the principles for understanding and interpreting these sources.
- Fiqh refers to both the body of Islamic laws and the knowledge of these laws. Sharia is synonymous with Fiqh and refers to all rulings derived from Islamic legal sources.
- Hukm Sharii are the specific rulings in Islamic texts that address human actions, commanding or prohibiting them. There
The document discusses several topics:
1) A peace symposium in London where the Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community addressed dignitaries about tackling international radicalization.
2) An article about how the sign of Jonah proves the true mission of Jesus and that he did not die on the cross.
3) A serialisation of the famous treatise "The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam" by the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community which was originally presented at the 1896 Conference of Great Religions.
This document provides an overview of the concept of jihad in Islam based on sources from the Quran and Hadith. It discusses different interpretations of jihad, including both peaceful and offensive meanings. Jihad can refer to an inner spiritual struggle or the struggle to spread and defend the Islamic faith, including through proselytization, good works, and warfare when necessary for defense or to establish Islamic rule. The document examines how jihad is considered an obligation in Islam by some interpretations and outlines rewards for participating in jihad, including the assurance of paradise for martyrs. It concludes by discussing how Christians should respond and contrasts the assurance of salvation through faith in Jesus alone versus what Islam promises its followers.
1) Traditional Islamic scholars believe that foreign relations in Islam are based on fighting non-Muslim states and societies, dividing the world into the "Domain of Islam" and the "Domain of War".
2) They argue that preaching Islam through both peaceful and forceful means is a religious duty of the Islamic state. According to the traditional view, verses in the Quran gradually established fighting as a principle of foreign relations.
3) However, other Islamic jurists believe that the original principle of foreign relations in Islam is peace. The article aims to re-examine the traditional assumptions and incorporate non-traditional views into a more comprehensive approach.
The document provides an overview of the book "The Evolution of Fiqh (Islamic Law & The Madh-habs)" by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. It contains the table of contents, prefaces to earlier editions, and a section on transliteration. The table of contents outlines the 8 chapters that discuss the historical development of Islamic law (Fiqh) and schools of legal thought (Madh-habs) from the time of the Prophet to the present. The prefaces provide background on the need and purpose of the book in understanding differences between Madh-habs and moving toward reunification.
Dr. Tahir delivered a speech at a Christmas celebration organized by his organizations, Minhaj-ul-Quran and Muslim Christian Dialogue Forum. In the speech, he thanked and addressed Christian religious leaders and members who attended as guests. However, his speech and the act of organizing a Christmas celebration contradict the teachings of the Quran and are seen as promoting disbelief. This has led to Dr. Tahir receiving religious decrees of apostasy and criticism from Islamic scholars.
Glimpses of life after death by alpha mahmoud bahtopbottom1
This document appears to be the introduction or preface section of a book compiling hadith (sayings and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad) about life after death, including death, the grave, resurrection, judgement, and the eternal destinations of Jannah (paradise) and Jahannam (hell). It outlines the purpose and scope of the book, acknowledges sources used, and expresses the compiler's hope that the work will increase awareness of and preparation for the afterlife.
This document provides a summary of the book "Taqwiyat-ul-Iman" by Shah Ismail Shaheed. It discusses the author, the context in which it was written, and its importance. Some key points:
1. Shah Ismail Shaheed wrote Taqwiyat-ul-Iman to counter the rise of superstitions and polytheism in India and strengthen people's faith in pure Islamic monotheism.
2. The book elaborates on tawheed (monotheism) using Quran and hadith, and declares innovations and rituals that contradict Islam as ignorance.
3. It became hugely popular for its simple yet eloquent style, enlightening
This document provides an introduction and overview of a book titled "Ijtihad: Meanings, Application & Scope" by Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr. Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. The introduction discusses how Muslims once led the world in fields of science and reason but later fell into ignorance, and how ijtihad, or legal reasoning, is needed to reconcile divine principles with changing worldly conditions. It also provides background on Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri's work of reviving ijtihad and establishing Minhaj-ul-Quran International to spread a message of global peace and restore man's true status. The document includes a table of contents for the
My son made this brief but bold presentation on Jihad, a subject which is widely misunderstood as holy war. here's the clarification and some explanation. Hope you like it.
This document provides background information on the Qassab people of India in order to develop a strategy for reaching them with the gospel. It discusses their history, culture, language, and regional distribution. The Qassab are a Muslim caste traditionally working as butchers, speaking Urdu, and facing low status. The document then reviews current missionary work among Muslims, challenges, and effective approaches. It proposes a strategy to reach the Qassab through prayer, relationship building, and other culturally-sensitive means. The overall aim is to share the gospel in a way that is respectful of their cultural context.
This document is the preface to a book titled "An Islamic View of Gog and Magog in the Modern World", which is the third volume in a series on Surah al-Kahf. The preface provides background information on the author's 15+ year study of Gog and Magog, including public lectures on the topic that generated interest. It notes the author previously argued in another book that we now live in a world dominated by Gog and Magog. The preface expresses the hope that this new book will help convince Islamic scholars of the release of Gog and Magog. It also thanks Allah and provides context that the book was written in the Caribbean, continuing a tradition from the author's ancestors
. Introduction of Islam.
Concept of Islam.
Importance of Deen in Human Life.
Difference between Deen and Religion.
Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam
Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
II. Study of Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) as Role Model for:- Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker
III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.
Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam
Dignity of Men and Women
IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:
Meanings and the Vital Elements
Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Communities
Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality,
Social Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance, Rule of Law)
V. Islam and World.
Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
Rise of Extremism.
VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam
Concept of Public Administration in Islam
Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
Governance Structure in Islam i.e. (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam
VII. Islamic Code of Life.
Salient Features of Islamic Systems, Social System, Political System, Economic
System, Judicial System, Administrative System,
Procedure of Ijmah and Ijtehad
This chapter discusses what non-Muslim scholars have said about the Quran. It notes that the Quran was meticulously preserved from the time it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad until today. In contrast, the Bible was written long after the times of previous prophets and contains additions and deletions. The chapter argues that it is illogical to believe that Muhammad authored the Quran given its scientific truths and literary excellence. It provides opinions from important non-Muslim scholars who have been impressed by the Quran's style and contents. In the end, the chapter invites open-minded scholars to study the Quran to realize it could not have been written by a human.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and beliefs in Islam. It discusses the five pillars of Islam which are the declaration of faith, daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, paying alms (zakat), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). It also describes prophethood, worship, and concepts of God and humanity in Islamic teachings. The document provides historical context about the life and times of the Prophet Muhammad and notes that the Quran and hadith are the primary sources of guidance for Muslims. It estimates the global Muslim population in the 1970s to be over 800 million people.
This document provides an overview of an Islamic perspective on human development. It discusses several key points:
1. Human dignity and worth originate from God, who endowed humans with intellect and made them stewards of the earth. The core Islamic concepts of tawhid (unity of God), human custodianship, and justice define an Islamic understanding of values like freedom and rights.
2. Fundamental principles in Islam that relate to human development include human dignity, justice, freedom, equality, and social solidarity. Tawhid provides a holistic worldview that reconciles opposites.
3. An Islamic view of human development aims to create environments where people can achieve spiritual, moral and socio-economic well
This document provides an overview of Islamic banking, including its foundations and operations. Some key points:
- Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles including prohibitions on riba (interest) and gharar (excessive uncertainty). It aims to be just and share risks/rewards between financiers and users of funds.
- Common Islamic financing modes include profit/loss sharing arrangements, trade-based modes like murabaha and ijara, and leasing. Funds are mobilized from deposits and utilized through various Sharia-compliant investments and projects.
- Islamic banks first emerged in the 1970s and have grown significantly since. They operate similarly to conventional banks but use Islamic financing structures. The Islamic
Islam, the religion of peace, friendship, kindness and mercymalisahmad
This document contains summaries of several papers on the topic of Takfir (excommunication) in Islam. The papers discuss how Takfir runs counter to Islamic principles of peace, mercy and friendship. They examine verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet and Islamic scholars that prohibit excommunicating or killing other Muslims. The papers aim to show that Takfiri groups have misinterpreted and misused religious texts to justify violence. They diverge from the consensus of Sunni and Shia scholars that declaring other Muslims as infidels based on theological differences is forbidden.
War and Peace in the life of the prophet muhammad (saw) by zakaria bashierdocsforu
war and Peace in the Life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), seeks
to bring into sharper focus the relevance of the Prophet’s exemplary life in our
times In doing so, the misperception is allayed that Islam is inextricably linked with violence. That Islam preaches and practises the ideals of peaceful coexistence and
freedom of faith is brought home with reference to the elucidation of the Qur’anic
verses which allow’ Muslims to wage war, if necessary. The same truth is illustrated
bs analyzing the Prophet’s conduct in war and his measures for ensuring peace. All
the maior battles in the early history of Islam are studied in the wider context of
Islamic teachings on war and peace .
Zakaria Bashier (b. 1940) obtained his BA and M.Litt. in Philosophy from the
f’niversitites of Khartoum, Sudan and Durham, UK respectively, and his PhD on
Islamic Philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh, USA. Apart from holding
faculty positions at the universities of Sudan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, he had also
been the Vice Chancellor of the University of Juba, Sudan. Presently he is Visiting
Professor at the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, Leicester, UK. He has to
his credit 14 books in Arabic and 8 in English, besides scores of articles in Journals
on a wide range of topics related to Islamic Studies. The present work concludes
the series of his books on Sira; the earlier titles being Life of the Prophet in Makkah,
Hijra: Story and Significance and Sunshine at Madina all published by the Islamic
Foundation, Leicester, UK.
ROLE OF MOSQUE IN ISLAMIC EDUCATION || Australian Islamic Library || www.aust...Muhammad Nabeel Musharraf
Visit Australian Islamic Library for a huge collection of Islamic books and multimedia:
www.australianislamiclibrary.org
www.facebook.com/australianislamiclibrary
This document provides an introduction to the study of Usul al-Fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence) and key related terms:
- Usul al-Fiqh is the methodology for deriving rulings (ahkam) from Islamic legal sources like the Quran and hadith. It establishes the principles for understanding and interpreting these sources.
- Fiqh refers to both the body of Islamic laws and the knowledge of these laws. Sharia is synonymous with Fiqh and refers to all rulings derived from Islamic legal sources.
- Hukm Sharii are the specific rulings in Islamic texts that address human actions, commanding or prohibiting them. There
The document discusses several topics:
1) A peace symposium in London where the Caliph of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community addressed dignitaries about tackling international radicalization.
2) An article about how the sign of Jonah proves the true mission of Jesus and that he did not die on the cross.
3) A serialisation of the famous treatise "The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam" by the founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community which was originally presented at the 1896 Conference of Great Religions.
This document provides an overview of the concept of jihad in Islam based on sources from the Quran and Hadith. It discusses different interpretations of jihad, including both peaceful and offensive meanings. Jihad can refer to an inner spiritual struggle or the struggle to spread and defend the Islamic faith, including through proselytization, good works, and warfare when necessary for defense or to establish Islamic rule. The document examines how jihad is considered an obligation in Islam by some interpretations and outlines rewards for participating in jihad, including the assurance of paradise for martyrs. It concludes by discussing how Christians should respond and contrasts the assurance of salvation through faith in Jesus alone versus what Islam promises its followers.
1) Traditional Islamic scholars believe that foreign relations in Islam are based on fighting non-Muslim states and societies, dividing the world into the "Domain of Islam" and the "Domain of War".
2) They argue that preaching Islam through both peaceful and forceful means is a religious duty of the Islamic state. According to the traditional view, verses in the Quran gradually established fighting as a principle of foreign relations.
3) However, other Islamic jurists believe that the original principle of foreign relations in Islam is peace. The article aims to re-examine the traditional assumptions and incorporate non-traditional views into a more comprehensive approach.
The document provides an overview of the book "The Evolution of Fiqh (Islamic Law & The Madh-habs)" by Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips. It contains the table of contents, prefaces to earlier editions, and a section on transliteration. The table of contents outlines the 8 chapters that discuss the historical development of Islamic law (Fiqh) and schools of legal thought (Madh-habs) from the time of the Prophet to the present. The prefaces provide background on the need and purpose of the book in understanding differences between Madh-habs and moving toward reunification.
Dr. Tahir delivered a speech at a Christmas celebration organized by his organizations, Minhaj-ul-Quran and Muslim Christian Dialogue Forum. In the speech, he thanked and addressed Christian religious leaders and members who attended as guests. However, his speech and the act of organizing a Christmas celebration contradict the teachings of the Quran and are seen as promoting disbelief. This has led to Dr. Tahir receiving religious decrees of apostasy and criticism from Islamic scholars.
Glimpses of life after death by alpha mahmoud bahtopbottom1
This document appears to be the introduction or preface section of a book compiling hadith (sayings and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad) about life after death, including death, the grave, resurrection, judgement, and the eternal destinations of Jannah (paradise) and Jahannam (hell). It outlines the purpose and scope of the book, acknowledges sources used, and expresses the compiler's hope that the work will increase awareness of and preparation for the afterlife.
This document provides a summary of the book "Taqwiyat-ul-Iman" by Shah Ismail Shaheed. It discusses the author, the context in which it was written, and its importance. Some key points:
1. Shah Ismail Shaheed wrote Taqwiyat-ul-Iman to counter the rise of superstitions and polytheism in India and strengthen people's faith in pure Islamic monotheism.
2. The book elaborates on tawheed (monotheism) using Quran and hadith, and declares innovations and rituals that contradict Islam as ignorance.
3. It became hugely popular for its simple yet eloquent style, enlightening
This document provides an introduction and overview of a book titled "Ijtihad: Meanings, Application & Scope" by Shaykh-ul-Islam Dr. Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. The introduction discusses how Muslims once led the world in fields of science and reason but later fell into ignorance, and how ijtihad, or legal reasoning, is needed to reconcile divine principles with changing worldly conditions. It also provides background on Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri's work of reviving ijtihad and establishing Minhaj-ul-Quran International to spread a message of global peace and restore man's true status. The document includes a table of contents for the
My son made this brief but bold presentation on Jihad, a subject which is widely misunderstood as holy war. here's the clarification and some explanation. Hope you like it.
This document provides background information on the Qassab people of India in order to develop a strategy for reaching them with the gospel. It discusses their history, culture, language, and regional distribution. The Qassab are a Muslim caste traditionally working as butchers, speaking Urdu, and facing low status. The document then reviews current missionary work among Muslims, challenges, and effective approaches. It proposes a strategy to reach the Qassab through prayer, relationship building, and other culturally-sensitive means. The overall aim is to share the gospel in a way that is respectful of their cultural context.
This document is the preface to a book titled "An Islamic View of Gog and Magog in the Modern World", which is the third volume in a series on Surah al-Kahf. The preface provides background information on the author's 15+ year study of Gog and Magog, including public lectures on the topic that generated interest. It notes the author previously argued in another book that we now live in a world dominated by Gog and Magog. The preface expresses the hope that this new book will help convince Islamic scholars of the release of Gog and Magog. It also thanks Allah and provides context that the book was written in the Caribbean, continuing a tradition from the author's ancestors
. Introduction of Islam.
Concept of Islam.
Importance of Deen in Human Life.
Difference between Deen and Religion.
Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam
Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
II. Study of Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) as Role Model for:- Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker
III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.
Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam
Dignity of Men and Women
IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:
Meanings and the Vital Elements
Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Communities
Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality,
Social Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance, Rule of Law)
V. Islam and World.
Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
Rise of Extremism.
VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam
Concept of Public Administration in Islam
Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
Governance Structure in Islam i.e. (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam
VII. Islamic Code of Life.
Salient Features of Islamic Systems, Social System, Political System, Economic
System, Judicial System, Administrative System,
Procedure of Ijmah and Ijtehad
This chapter discusses what non-Muslim scholars have said about the Quran. It notes that the Quran was meticulously preserved from the time it was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad until today. In contrast, the Bible was written long after the times of previous prophets and contains additions and deletions. The chapter argues that it is illogical to believe that Muhammad authored the Quran given its scientific truths and literary excellence. It provides opinions from important non-Muslim scholars who have been impressed by the Quran's style and contents. In the end, the chapter invites open-minded scholars to study the Quran to realize it could not have been written by a human.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts and beliefs in Islam. It discusses the five pillars of Islam which are the declaration of faith, daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, paying alms (zakat), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). It also describes prophethood, worship, and concepts of God and humanity in Islamic teachings. The document provides historical context about the life and times of the Prophet Muhammad and notes that the Quran and hadith are the primary sources of guidance for Muslims. It estimates the global Muslim population in the 1970s to be over 800 million people.
This document provides an overview of an Islamic perspective on human development. It discusses several key points:
1. Human dignity and worth originate from God, who endowed humans with intellect and made them stewards of the earth. The core Islamic concepts of tawhid (unity of God), human custodianship, and justice define an Islamic understanding of values like freedom and rights.
2. Fundamental principles in Islam that relate to human development include human dignity, justice, freedom, equality, and social solidarity. Tawhid provides a holistic worldview that reconciles opposites.
3. An Islamic view of human development aims to create environments where people can achieve spiritual, moral and socio-economic well
This document provides an overview of Islamic banking, including its foundations and operations. Some key points:
- Islamic banking is based on Islamic principles including prohibitions on riba (interest) and gharar (excessive uncertainty). It aims to be just and share risks/rewards between financiers and users of funds.
- Common Islamic financing modes include profit/loss sharing arrangements, trade-based modes like murabaha and ijara, and leasing. Funds are mobilized from deposits and utilized through various Sharia-compliant investments and projects.
- Islamic banks first emerged in the 1970s and have grown significantly since. They operate similarly to conventional banks but use Islamic financing structures. The Islamic
Islamic Studies for BS Part islamiyat lecture 1.pdfTaroTari
This document outlines an Islamic studies class being taught by Hafiz Sibghatullah Bhutto at the University of Sindh Jamshoro. The class covers various topics related to Islamic beliefs, practices, and history over 28 total lecture hours. The document provides details on the course topics to be covered, recommended and reference reading materials, and outlines two sample lecture presentations - one discussing the peculiarities of Islam that make it the best religion, and another on the basic beliefs of Islam including the definition of Iman (faith) in Islamic terminology.
1) The document discusses the role of fasting during Ramadan in forming good character according to Islamic teachings. Fasting helps develop self-restraint, gratitude, and remembering Allah.
2) It provides Quranic verses stating the objectives of fasting as learning self-control, glorifying Allah for guidance, and cultivating gratitude. Fasting is meant to train Muslims in these virtues collectively during Ramadan.
3) Developing sincerity, truthfulness, patience, humility and other virtues is key to Islamic character. Fasting aids this character development and reminds Muslims yearly to emulate these qualities laid out in the Quran and hadith.
Islamic basic principles_and_characteristicsNoor Al Islam
The document discusses the key beliefs and principles of Islam. It begins by stating that Islam is the religion revealed by God to guide humanity. It then summarizes the three main beliefs in Islam: 1) belief in the oneness of God (tawhid), 2) belief in prophethood and following the guidance revealed through prophets, and 3) belief in the afterlife and being judged based on one's deeds. It explains how these beliefs are encapsulated in the declaration of faith ("There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet"). The document also outlines some basic characteristics of Islam, including its simplicity, rationality, and practical approach to religious teachings and way of life.
Islam is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The five pillars of Islam are the declaration of faith, daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, paying zakat (charity), and performing the hajj pilgrimage if physically and financially able. Muslims believe Islam is the final and most complete revelation from God, building upon previous messages to other prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. The Quran and hadith (sayings and practices of Muhammad) provide guidance for Muslims on spiritual and worldly matters. Islam teaches that all humans will be judged by God after death based on their beliefs and deeds in life.
This document discusses the meaning of the word "Islam" and seeks to clarify common misconceptions. It explains that Islam primarily refers to a state of surrender to God, rather than a religious title, and that this concept of surrender is inherent in all things. The document also summarizes some key beliefs discussed in the Quran, such as monotheism and the unity of all faiths, and encourages reading the Quran with an open mind to gain a better understanding.
Islam and social work ppp chapter 1 and 2daahirsahal
This document provides an overview of a course on Islam and social work. It introduces the concept of an Islamic model of social work practice, noting that Islam informs all aspects of life for Muslims. Understanding the Islamic worldview of problems, prevention, and solutions is essential for social work from this perspective.
The course will explore the Islamic concepts of helping, problem-solving, and transformation as they relate to social work practice. It will examine how the teachings and behaviors of the Prophet Muhammad can inform approaches like assessment, intervention, implementation and evaluation. Both similarities and differences between Islam and social work will be acknowledged.
By the end of the course, students will be able to articulate the knowledge, values and skills of Islamic
The document provides an overview of Divine Command Theory and its application in major world religions including Islam and Judaism. It discusses how the theory proposes that morality is dependent on God and that moral obligations consist of obedience to God's commands. It then summarizes key aspects of Islam and Judaism including their conceptions of God, pillars, commandments, and views on human nature and the afterlife.
The West and Islam are both believers in the collective humanity. However, when West has gone astray in consumerism while Islam has restricted humanity to the believers in Islamic State. Both ideologies have to reform themselves and focus on their core belief of collective humanity. Then the conflict between them will be resolved.
Read story- http://www.commonprophets.com/french-egalitarianism-versus-all-encompassing-islam/
Watch video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k8Eo0gNucs&t=30s
#SamuelPaty #France #Islam #FrenchRevolution #prophetmuhammad #Mohammad #West #Islam #SupremeBeing #Humanity #ideologies #egalitarianism
Does islam need_a_reformation_i_era_dont_hate_debategoffaree
The document discusses differences between liberal and Islamic conceptions of human rights and ethics. It argues that the liberal view of individualism and universal human rights is flawed and not absolute. While there are some commonalities, such as respecting other religions, Islam's view is based on preventing oppression and maintaining social order and status quo. The document also critiques the idea that Islam must conform to rational ethics, saying there is no single standard and ethics are influenced by culture and open to interpretation. Overall it rejects that Islam needs reform and asserts that rights and ethics derive from Islamic teachings and tradition.
Religious believers claim their religions are peaceful and genuine believers
are peacekeepers and peacemakers. In substantiating justification to their claim, they
very often refer to religious scriptures. Yet, on the contrary, their claim is confronted
by an opposite claim: many wars were fought and are being fought in the name of religion;
and a great deal of violence can be ascribed to the religious believers. In addition,
religious scriptures and history of religions do attest, to a certain extent, permissibility
of using physical offence or defence. As a result, a question arises: Is the violence
credited to religious believers, due to religions? Or is it because of certain secular
causes in which religious texts get invoked very often? In responding to the question,
the study relied on the theoretical criticism and justification. The study argued that
religions, considering their historical inception, are fundamentally aimed at attaining
holistic peace for their immediate subjects and subsequent followers, both spiritually and physically. The study by referring to major religions of the world generally and Islam
particularly, argued that in contributing to build global peace, religious believers
can plausibly turn to primary peaceful intentions of the religions, if they are provided
with a feasible atmosphere.
Islam basic principles_and_characteristicsMohammad Ali
This document provides an overview of the key beliefs and principles of Islam according to Khurshid Ahmad of the World Assembly of Muslim Youth. It discusses:
1) Islam is the final revelation from God to guide humanity, following revelations to previous prophets like Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
2) The most fundamental Islamic concept is tawhid - the oneness and supremacy of God as the sole creator and sustainer of the universe.
3) Other core beliefs include prophethood, with Muhammad as the final prophet, and life after death with rewards and punishments determined by one's deeds.
4) Together, belief in God and Muhammad is summarized in the declaration of faith "There
The document discusses several topics related to Islam and science found in the Quran, including:
1) The Quran's accurate descriptions of embryonic development that were unknown at the time, but have since been confirmed by science.
2) Comments from scientists who were initially skeptical but became convinced after examining the scientific miracles in the Quran.
3) The argument that the Quran could not have been authored by Muhammad or humans given its knowledge, and so it must be the word of God.
Islamic perspectives on nutrition by mohammed luqmaan kageetopbottom1
This document provides a literature review on Islamic perspectives on nutrition. It discusses how the Quran and hadiths address nutrition and dietary guidelines. Several key points are made: the Quran contains over 250 verses and 64 keywords related to lawful/unlawful foods and nutrition concepts; Islamic scholars like al-Ghazzali and al-Takruri have theorized on the importance of nutrition for human well-being and fulfilling religious duties; cleanliness and moderation are important principles for Muslim diets according to Islamic texts and teachings.
Ähnlich wie Justly Balanced Community: Concept, Principles and Aims (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Justly Balanced Community: Concept, Principles and Aims
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
Justly Balanced Community: Concept, Principles a
Assistant Professor
University of Kashmir,
ABSTRACT
All the teachings which Islam gives and instructs are
in full conformity with the human nature. They are
applicable in all situations and circumstances. There is
no excesses or deficiencies found in them. One who
acts according to the teachings of Islam is basically
acting according to what nature demands of
in this way, he is fulfilling the genuine demands of the
nature on the one hand, and is simultaneously gaining
the pleasure of the Lord of the universe on the other
hand.
The present paper deals with the explanation of how
Islam and its principles steer clear of the extremes in
all matters of human life. Many examples have been
cited to illustrate how the teachings of Islam are free
from all kinds of excesses and deficiencies. Light is
also thrown on the importance of justly balanced
community; its principles, aims, duties, objectives and
purpose.
Keywords: Justice, Moderation, Universality,
Applicability. Excess and Deficiency (Ifrā
Tafrīṭ), human life, equilibrium.
1. INTRODUCTION
Life, according to Islam, is an indivisible whole. All
its aspects (and activities) whether political or
economic, social or religious, local or international
are to be governed and controlled by Divine Law.
This leads to social solidarity or edifice parts of which
strengthen each other. The outstanding featur
Islamic life is that it is free from extremes and is
justly balanced, for virtue is to avoid the extremes on
either side. The message of the Lord is:
We have moulded you (O! Muslim community)
into a society justly balanced (in every respect) that
might be a pattern (or witness) unto others (i.e., the
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Community: Concept, Principles a
Dr. Burhan Rashid
Assistant Professor, Shah-I-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies,
ersity of Kashmir, Jammu Kashmir, India
All the teachings which Islam gives and instructs are
in full conformity with the human nature. They are
applicable in all situations and circumstances. There is
no excesses or deficiencies found in them. One who
acts according to the teachings of Islam is basically
acting according to what nature demands of him. Thus
in this way, he is fulfilling the genuine demands of the
nature on the one hand, and is simultaneously gaining
the pleasure of the Lord of the universe on the other
The present paper deals with the explanation of how
les steer clear of the extremes in
all matters of human life. Many examples have been
cited to illustrate how the teachings of Islam are free
from all kinds of excesses and deficiencies. Light is
also thrown on the importance of justly balanced
its principles, aims, duties, objectives and
Justice, Moderation, Universality,
Applicability. Excess and Deficiency (Ifrāṭ and
Life, according to Islam, is an indivisible whole. All
its aspects (and activities) whether political or
economic, social or religious, local or international
are to be governed and controlled by Divine Law.
This leads to social solidarity or edifice parts of which
strengthen each other. The outstanding feature of
Islamic life is that it is free from extremes and is
justly balanced, for virtue is to avoid the extremes on
We have moulded you (O! Muslim community) [1]
into a society justly balanced (in every respect) that ye
might be a pattern (or witness) unto others (i.e., the
rest of mankind), even as the Prophet has been a
pattern unto you. {Al-Quran, Surah al
Chapter 2:143}.
At another place Allah says:
And of those whom We have created there is a
community guiding others with truth (i.e., in
accordance with the True Religion) as by it they act
justly. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Aʻ
The qualities of a moderate / justly balanced
community are candidly expressed in a number of
Quranic Āyāt (verses). The holy Quran also alludes to
the aims and duties of such a balanced community. It
says that the best community among the mankind is
that which enjoins what is right and forbids what is
wrong. [2]
Islam, thus, steers clear of the extremes in
chooses for itself the middle path or the principle of
moderation. Here, it may be said that in one sense this
is the same as the ‘Golden Mean’ of Aristotle. But
there is a difference between ‘the moderation (or
mean)’ as a principle and ‘the mean
which he put forward as a rule. A rule is not a special
order or command; it fluctuates with the collateral
circumstances of each situation and is subject to
flexible reason, while a principle is the command, not
variable but to be obeyed by
form of Law rather it is the Law itself. Islamic Law,
not given to extremes, is no other than the Law which
adheres to the middle course and moderation in life.
Muhammad Asad says:
Moral knowledge, according to the teachings of
Islam, automatically forces a moral responsibility
upon men. A mere Platonic discernment between
Jun 2018 Page: 2743
6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
Community: Concept, Principles and Aims
Studies,
rest of mankind), even as the Prophet has been a
Quran, Surah al-Baqarah,
And of those whom We have created there is a
community guiding others with truth (i.e., in
accordance with the True Religion) as by it they act
ʻrāf, Chapter 7:181}.
The qualities of a moderate / justly balanced
community are candidly expressed in a number of
(verses). The holy Quran also alludes to
the aims and duties of such a balanced community. It
says that the best community among the mankind is
that which enjoins what is right and forbids what is
Islam, thus, steers clear of the extremes in life and
chooses for itself the middle path or the principle of
moderation. Here, it may be said that in one sense this
is the same as the ‘Golden Mean’ of Aristotle. But
there is a difference between ‘the moderation (or
mean)’ as a principle and ‘the mean’ of Aristotle
which he put forward as a rule. A rule is not a special
order or command; it fluctuates with the collateral
circumstances of each situation and is subject to
flexible reason, while a principle is the command, not
all. In Islam it takes the
form of Law rather it is the Law itself. Islamic Law,
not given to extremes, is no other than the Law which
adheres to the middle course and moderation in life.
Moral knowledge, according to the teachings of
Islam, automatically forces a moral responsibility
upon men. A mere Platonic discernment between
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2744
Right and Wrong, without the urge to promote the
Right and to destroy the Wrong is a gross immorality
in itself. In Islam, morality lives and dies with the
human endeavor to establish its victory upon earth.
[3]
To illustrate the doctrine of moderation in Islam, let
us see some examples of how Islam adopts the middle
path in all matters, be they with regards to belief,
worship, mutual dealings, transactions, social
behavior, morals or manners.
1.1 Moderation in the matters pertaining to beliefs
(Īmāniyāt)
In the earlier nations, we see that on the one hand
some took their Prophets as the sons of God and
started adoring and worshipping them. Regarding
Jews and Christians, the holy Quran says:
And the Jews say: ‘Uzayr [4] is a child (or son) of
God; and the Christians say: Masīḥ [5] (‘Isā’) is a
child (or son) of God. That is their saying with their
mouths (i.e., unsupported by their own prophets),
resembling the saying of those who disbelieved
aforetime. Allah confound them! Whither are they
turning away? {Al-Quran, Surah al-Taubah, Chapter
9: 30}.
While some others, in spite of seeing multitudes of
miracles happening at the hands of their Prophets
refused to accompany them in accomplishing the most
important tasks. When Mūsā’ (A.S.) [6] commanded
his people to be strong and courageous to enter the
land of Amalekites (the country of Canaan) to
conquer it, they rejected his call as is quoted in the
holy Qur’ān:
Yet the people said: O Mūsā’! Certainly we shall
never march to it so long as they remain there, go
forth thou and thy Lord, and fight you twain, we
remain here sitting. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Mā’idah,
Chapter 5: 24}. [7]
There were others who mocked, vexed, injured and
even killed their Prophets as is mentioned in the holy
Qur’ān. Allah says: “Ah the misery of Our bondmen!
There comes not to them any messenger of Ours but
him they have been mocking. {Al-Quran, Surah
Yāsīn, Chapter 36:30}.”
Regarding the behavior of the disbelievers of the past
nations and their vexation against their Prophets,
Allah quotes Mūsā’(A.S.) as saying:
And recall when Mūsā’ (vexed at the exhibition of
constant rebellion and disobedience among his
people) said to his people: my people! Why do you
hurt me when you know surely that I am Allah’s
messenger to you? {Al-Quran, Surah al-Ṣaff, Chapter
61:5}.
Some of the people of the past nations even killed
their prophets; Allah says in the holy Quran: “They
(i.e., Jews) have been denying the signs of Allah and
killing the prophets of Allah without right. {Al-
Quran, Surah Āl-i ‘Imrān, Chapter 3:112}.”
But the attitude of this Community / Ummah (i.e.,
Ummat-i-Muslimah), on the other hand, is and has
remained always in moderation with respect to the
matters pertaining to beliefs (Īmāniyāt). They hold
their Prophet, Prophet Muḥammad (S.A.A.W
.S) [8]
dearest to all; their lives, wealth, progeny, honour and
everything. And on the other hand, they recognize
Prophet as a Prophet, and God as God; neither raising
the prophets to the pedestal of God, or His like, nor
degrading God to the level of human beings.
Islam correctly defines the status of the Prophets. It
explains that the Prophets were neither God, nor His
likeness, nor His sons, nor yet His kinsmen, for they
were mortals like all other men. But, despite the fact
that they were human beings, they were not like
ordinary mortals since they enjoined the privilege of
conversing with God, were recipients of Divine
Revelations and were free of all sins. As perfect
guides of humanity they were a witness to these
realities of the celestial realm which are beyond the
ken of human perception. They are the assured ones,
having wisdom and faith and guidance from the Lord
of the worlds. Every man is thus duty-bound to obey
and pay his regards to these truthful souls who are
raised to preach the Message of God to their fellow
beings.
This is the path of moderation --- the path avoiding
the excesses of undue veneration and denial of the
respect due to the prophets and founders of religions -
-- which Islam shows to the world as a necessary
adjunct to its higher concept of the Unity of God.
1.2 Moderation in matters of worship
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2745
After ‘belief’ comes the number of worship / acts of
devotion, here again we see that Islam has corrected
all the earlier misconceptions of extremities. This is
briefly illustrated in the following lines.
Worship was, and still is, a fundamental discipline of
every religion. The people of past nations had,
however, mistaken self-torture for veneration of God.
They had somehow convinced themselves that the
more one suffers agony and subjects one’s body to
suffering and pain, the more one advances spiritually
towards piety and purity of soul. Therefore, falling
prey of these misconceived notions, they had taken to
strange practices, took different forms of self-
mortification which they considered the doors to
spiritual elevation. Therefore, some of them refrained
from taking baths throughout their lives, some clad
themselves in tatters or tunics made of coarse material
(like hemp), some remained unclad even during
freezing cold season, some had taken a vow to remain
standing for the rest of their lives, some lived in the
deserted dens of wild beasts, some always remained
in the sun, some dwelt on bare rocks, some ate only
leaves of the trees, some scrupulously avoided contact
with women and some even hanged themselves
upside down from the trees. These ways of
worshipping God were deemed highly meritorious all
over the West during the dark ages. Other countries of
the world were no better, either.
On the other hand, we see some other nations of yore
used to sell the commandments and words of the Lord
for worldly gains. Their religious scholars and priests
gave wrong verdicts (Fatāwā) by taking bribes. They
distorted and deliberately misinterpreted the teachings
of their Prophets and the scriptures. They were always
in search of pretexts and excuses in order to remain
away from the acts of worship.
It was in this atmosphere, prevailing throughout the
world, that Islam came to set a middle path between
these two extremes. Islam, on the one hand, delivered
humanity from these fiendish practices by telling it
that self-torture and bodily exertions were neither
demanded by God nor they led to the union of the
devotee’s spirit with the Supreme Being. Islam
candidly rejects the concept of monasticism. Allah
says: “And asceticism (or, monasticism, or monkery).
We did not prescribe it for them; they innovated it,
only seeking Allah’s goodwill, but they tended it not
with the tendence due to it. {Al-Quran, Surah al-
Hadid, Chapter 57:27}.” [9]
And Prophet Muhammad (S.A.A.w
.S.) has said: “There
is no monasticism in Islam.”
On the other hand, Islam cultivated such spirit of
servitude (devotion to God) in its followers that they
never compromised with it and endeavoured to make
it dominant over all the spheres of their lives. Islam
put the conception of devotion on true and right lines
by telling that the spirit of worship lies in the
acknowledgment of complete and unquestioned
loyalty to the Lord, the Master of the Worlds.
Maulānā Abdul Majid Daryābādī writes:
Islam … does not base its system of religio-moral
perfection on the conception of the wickedness and
sinfulness of the human body; and the law of Islam
does not repudiate the earthly life in toto as
intrinsically impure. It does not demand the
suppression of fleshly impulses; it only requires that
they should be curbed and controlled in accordance
with the norm supplied by itself. Celibacy on a large
scale is designed to defeat the very aim and purpose
of nature --- the replenishment of the earth. [10]
1.3 Moderation in matters of almsgiving and
charity
Although almsgiving and charity is considered as an
act of great virtue in all the religions but they have not
remained free of extremes with regards to it. On the
one hand, we see that the teaching of Bible regards it
the greatest virtue to spend everything in charity and
become impoverished and destitute himself. Bible
exhorts its followers to sell all they have and give the
money to the poor (so as to become penniless and
pauper himself).
On the other hand, there is a class of people who are
never moved to spend anything in the way of God.
They resort to different pretexts and excuses to
exempt themselves from spending in the way of God.
Qur’ān makes mentions of such people as under:
And when it is said to them: expend (in alms and
charity) of that with which Allah has provided you,
those who disbelieve say to the faithful: shall we feed
those whom Allah Himself would have fed, had He
willed? You are but in error manifest. {Al-Quran,
Surah Yāsīn, Chapter 36:47}
Islam adopted the middle path, free of both the
extremes, in this matter as well. Firstly, it made the
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2746
concept of almsgiving and charity clear and vivid by
giving complete details of all its elements. Secondly,
it did not command its followers to spend each and
everything in almsgiving so as to fall into
impoverishment, instead it says:
And they ask thee (O Muḥammad!) as to what they
shall spend (in voluntary charity). Say thou:
“Redundant portion (i.e., whatever can be spent
without detriment to the necessities of one’s own self
or of those whose maintenance is obligatory on him.)
{Al-Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, Chapter 2: 219}.
At another place Allah says:
Let not your hand be chained to your neck, nor stretch
it forth to its extremity (i.e., do not be either niggardly
or profuse, but observe the mean between the two
extremes.) lest you sit down reproached. {Al-Quran,
Surah al-Isrā’, Chapter 17: 29}.
When ‘Umar (Raḍ.A) [11] approached the Prophet
(S.A.A.w
.S.) and asked his opinion as to giving away,
in charity, his best garden in Khyber, the Prophet
advised him to keep the garden for himself and give
away only its produce in charity. This proves that
regard for others does not mean disregard for the self.
The self is to be cared for and developed so that it
may be of greater service to others. But this does not
mean unrestrained development of self nor does it
mean self-destruction but a careful development
bearing in mind one’s duties to others.
It is the reason that Islam, by way of Īthār
(unselfishness), also exhorts its followers to give
preference to others who are in more need than
yourselves. Islam also instructs that charity should be
given only with utmost sincerity; only to seek the
pleasure of the Lord, not for the worldly gains,
display, showoff and ostentation. Neither should there
be any intention to hurt the sentiments of the receiver,
or to put any burden upon him. The holy Qur’ān has
quoted the behaviour of Ansār (Helpers at Madīnah)
with the Muhājirūn (Emigrants from Makkah) as
praiseworthy as they had offered full help to them.
Allah says: “Preferring them (Muhājirūn) above
themselves even though there was want among them
(Ansār). {Al-Quran, Surah al-Isrā’, Chapter 59: 9}.”
They themselves were thirsty and hungry but they, in
the spirit of self-sacrifice, offered whatever they had
to the Muhājirūn (Emigrants from Makkah) and
proved ideal hosts to them.
Those who feed the hungry, orphans, destitute and
captives etc. are praised by Allah. Allah says: “And
they feed, for love of Him, with food the destitute, the
orphan and the captive. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Insān,
Chapter 76: 8}”
Regarding the sincerity of thought and avoiding any
kind of display and ostentation, and maintaining
kindly feelings towards the receiver, the holy Quran
says:
O you who believe! Void not your charities by taunt
and by harm, like unto him who spends his riches to
be seen of men. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Baqarah,
Chapter 2: 264}.
At another place, Allah says: “an honourable word (of
refusal) and forgiveness (granted to the beggar if he is
wantonly insolent) are better (a thousand times) than
an alms followed by injury. {Al-Quran, Surah al-
Baqarah, Chapter 2: 263}.”
The whole phrase means: ‘Refusal with pleasing or
gracious speech and prayer expressed to the beggar
that God may sustain him, and forgiveness granted to
the beggar for his importunity … are better than an
alms with annoyance followed by reproach for a
benefit conferred and for begging.’
1.4 Moderation regarding the behaviour with
menstruating women
The Biblical regulations concerning menstruating
women are much rigid. According to Bible:
She shall be put apart for seven days: and whosoever
toucheth her shall be unclean until the even. And
everything that she lieth upon in her separation shall
be unclean: everything also that she sitteth upon shall
be unclean. And whosoever toucheth her bed shall
wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be
unclean until the even.”(Leviticus: The Third Book of
Moses 15:19-21). [12]
Still more rigid are the laws prescribed by the Jewish
doctors. According to them:
The woman must reckon seven days after the
termination of the period. If then, this lasts seven
days; she cannot become pure until the fifteenth day.
Purification, furthermore, can be gained only by a
ritual bath; and until the woman has taken this, she
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2747
remains unclean….in addition to all this, a woman who
does not menstruate regularly is unclean for a certain time
before she becomes aware that the period has begun, and
objects which she touches are defiled.’ (The Jewish
Encyclopedia, IX, p. 301). [13]
There are many other communities in whom a
menstruating woman has to, according to their code,
refrain from all household duties, especially from the
preparation of food, and to approach her is often an
offence. She must, like the leper of the medieval
times, wear a special garment, or call aloud to warn
all who approach her that she is unclean. [14]
This is one extreme, the other extreme is that there are
others who do not even consider it any filth and
pollution but unhesitatingly have intercourses with
their wives in the period of their menstruation. They
do not even take heed of its biological harms and
dreadful consequences out of their extreme zeal of
carnal pleasures and uncontrolled sexual desires.
The Qur’ānic injunction regarding this matter is given
in the following Āyah (verse):
And they ask thee (O Prophet!) of menstruation (and
cohabitation in that period). Say thou: “it is pollution,
so keep away from women during menstruation (i.e.,
do not cohabit with them during this period), and go
not in unto them till they have cleansed themselves.
Then when they have thoroughly cleansed themselves
(of menstrual pollution, and have washed themselves)
go in unto them as Allah has directed you (i.e., in a
way that is natural, lawful and clean). Surely Allah
loves the repentants, and He loves the cleansers of
themselves. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Baqarah, Chapter 2:
222}
It follows from this Āyah (verse) that it is only the
cohabitation which is prohibited during the period
when one’s wife is passing through the period of
menstruation. In household matters neither is she
refrained from performing her duties nor the things
she touches, are considered as defiled and unclean.
1.5 Moderation with regards to the matters of
divorce
The course of divorce or the dissolution of the
marriage tie, among ancient nations has been erratic,
some making it too loose, others making it too tight.
Speaking sociologically, every religion has to meet
two ends in the sphere of marriage and family --- to
raise the standard of morality and to sanctify the
marriage contract. But in practice some religions have
become too lenient, others too rigid. The Jewish law
takes treats it as a matter of no great concern. If
husband finds ‘some uncleanness in her; then let him
write her a bill of divorcement, and give it in her
hand, and send her out of his house. And when she
has departed from his house, she may go and be
another man’s wife.’(Deuteronomy: 24:1, 2).
Christianity, on the other hand, taking its stand on the
reported saying of Jesus: ‘what therefore God hath
joined together, let not man part
asunder……whosoever shall put away his wife, and
marry another, committeth adultery against her.
(Gospel according to St. Mark 10: 9, 11), and also
upon the dictum of Paul: ‘let not the wife depart from
her husband.’ (Paul’s First Epistle to the
Corinthinians; 7:10), has interdicted divorce
altogether. The Catholics hold: ‘when the sacrament
of matrimony has been received by a man and a
woman and ratified by their cohabitation as husband
and wife, their union cannot be dissolved except by
death.’ (New Catholic Dictionary, p.no. 477). The
climax was reached in the rules of Roman Catholic
Church… (It) ‘Treats marriage as a sacrament, and
demands indissolubility and non-changeability. This
in itself is unreasonable. Judaism takes account of the
mutability of human feelings, and free people when
the chains of matrimony become fetters; but the
Catholic Church refuses to recognize any such change
of feeling. The bonds of matrimony become a chain as
heavy and galling as iron in which two people must
languish for the term of their natural lives.’ The
Protestants allow it no doubt, but only on such
grounds as are of comparatively rare occurrence ---
fornication, for instance.
Islam has steered its course midway between the two,
avoiding the extremes of either making divorce too
rigid or banning it altogether, or of making it too
loose and frivolous. Islam has adopted the only wise
course open --- that of imposing certain conditions
and limitations upon the right of the husband to
dissolve the matrimonial bond, the object of which is
‘to ensure that the husband does not act in haste or
anger and that separation becomes inevitable in the
interests of the husband and wife and the children.’ …
divorce, though perfectly legitimate in itself, is not to
be had recourse to light-heartedly or on flimsy
grounds. There are verses, in Qur’ān, which tend to
discourage the practice, unless, of course, there be
strong reasons for taking the step, or the
incompatibility of temperaments be well-established.
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2748
The Prophet (S.A.A.W
.S) is also reported to have
observed: __‘Of all the permissible acts, divorce is the
most disapproved of by Allah.’….the goal of
matrimony in Islam is to unite two lives, to bring
happiness to the couple, and to instill mutual amity,
harmony, responsible co-partnership and good
fellowship in the pair. Now, human nature being what
it is, it sometimes happens that even with the best of
motives and after repeated trials, the union remains
unhappy. The only remedy then is to unfasten the
wedding-tie. Even then, the husband is enjoined by
the Qur’ān not to dismiss the wife in disgrace, or with
a view to humiliating her but to let her off kindly,
with due regard to his chivalry and her tenderness,
and with a view to securing peace of mind both for
her and himself. [15]
1.6 Moderation in other matters of the human life
In addition to the above discussed matters there are
numerous other such matters in which other religions
have taken one or the other extremities but Islam
adopted and showed humanity the path which is
balanced and free from all extremes. For example,
regarding the manner of spending on one’s needs the
holy Qur’ān says:
And squander not in squandering; truly the
squanderers are the brethren of the devils, and the
Devil is ever ungrateful to his Lord. {Al-Quran, Surah
al-Isrā, Chapter 17:26-27}.
At another place, enumerating the noble qualities of
true believers, and His loyal slaves, Allah says:
And those who when they expend, are neither
extravagant nor stingy; and it (i.e., their mode of
spending) is a medium in between. {Al-Quran, Surah
al-Furqān, Chapter 25:67}
Thus the Quranic instructions on the one hand
restricts one from being niggardly, and on the other
hand it does not permit to be extravagant and
squanderer.
With regards to the manner of walking on the earth,
Qur’ān says:
And be thou modest in thy gait (neither going too
slowly nor too quickly). {Al-Quran, Surah Luqmān,
Chapter 31:19}
With regards to maintaining moderation in the voice
during speaking and talking, Qur’ān says:
and lower thy voice; for the harshest of sounds
without doubt is the braying of the ass. {Al-Quran,
Surah Luqmān, Chapter 31:19}
Even during the worship and acts of adoration the
voice should remain moderate; it should neither be
raised too high nor should it be dropped too low,
though during supplication low voice is
recommended. Allah says:
Neither speak thy Prayer aloud, nor speak it in a low
tone, but seek a middle course between. {Al-Quran,
Surah al-Isrā, Chapter 17: 110}.
Call on your Lord with humility and in private: for
Allah loveth not those who trespass beyond
bounds. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Aʻrāf, Chapter 7: 55}.
With regards to the manner of eating and filling the
stomach, the Qur’ānic injunction is:
And eat (freely of clean, lawful foods) and drink
(freely of clean, lawful beverages), and be not
extravagant; surely He does not approve of the
extravagants. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Aʻrāf, Chapter
7:31}.
With regards to the matter of Fear and Hope ( و اجر
)فوخ with Allah, Islam again teaches the principle of
moderation --- neither letting its followers to become
despaired of Allah’s Mercy nor letting them to
become heedless of His Wrath and Punishment.
The holy Quran quotes the words of Prophet Yaʻqūb /
Jacob (A.S.) when he said to his sons:
My sons! Go and ascertain about Yūsuf and his
brother, and despair not of the Mercy of Allah; none
despair of the Mercy of Allah except a people
disbelieving. {Al-Quran, Surah Yūsuf, Chapter 12:
87}
The sinners and the transgressors whose hearts are
melted and are inclined to repent are thus
affectionately addressed as:
Say thou (on My behalf, O Prophet!): my bondmen
who have committed extravagance against themselves
(by acts of infidelity and impiety): despair not of the
Mercy of Allah: verily Allah will forgive the sins
altogether (to those who sincerely repent and confess
His Unity). Verily He! He is the Forgiving, the
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2749
Merciful. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Zumar, Chapter 39:
53}.
The most decisive Āyah (verse) in this regard is the
following one:
Is he who is devout in the watches of the night
prostrating himself and standing, bewaring of the
Hereafter and hoping for the Mercy of his Lord to be
dealt with like a wicked infidel? Say thou (O
Prophet!): shall they who know and those who know
not be held equal (in the sight of Allah)? It is only
men of understanding who receive admonition. {Al-
Quran, Surah al-Zumar, Chapter 39: 9}.
It has been made clear in this Āyah (verse) that the
attitude of true believers is in between two extremes;
they are neither heedless of the wrath and punishment
of Allah nor lose hope in His Mercy. Enumerating the
noble qualities of true believers, Allah says:
Their sides leave off the couches (while yet there is
night) calling upon their Lord in fear and in desire,
and they expend of that with which We have provided
them. {Al-Quran, Surah al-Sajdah, Chapter 32: 16}.
2. CONCLUSION
Thus the principles governing Islamic way of life are
highly balanced. They are free from either extremes.
The Islamic teachings aim at establishing such a
balanced human community which is free from
excesses and deficiencies and steers away to the way
which is moderate and justly balanced. This
moderation is not seen in one or the two aspects only
but it encompasses all the aspects of human life. From
the above discussion it is clear that Islam has
maintained the principle of moderation and
equilibrium intact in matters related to the beliefs, acts
of worship and adoration, mutual dealings and
transactions, family and social life and even to the
matters related to the international relationships.
This principle of moderation plays a threefold role in
the human life. Firstly, it saves humanity from the
detriments which are caused by the extremism,
secondly, it is the basis for the establishment of a
justly balanced human community which is
prosperous and happy in all respects, thirdly, it
safeguards humans from falling to the extremism
pleasing to Satan that leads to astray from the straight
path. Above all this upholding the principle of
moderation propounded by the holy Quran is also the
means of gaining the goodwill and pleasure of the
Lord of the worlds.
REFERENCES AND ENDNOTES
1. The phrase may also be rendered as: ‘We have
exalted you, or ennobled you, as a nation
conforming to the just mean; or, just or equitable,
or good.’ [Lane’s ‘Arabic-English Lexicon’] as
quoted by Maulānā Abdul Majid Daryābādī in his
Tafsīr, Tafsīr al-Quran. See Daryābādī, Moulānā
Abdul Mājid, (English) Tafsīr al-Qur’ān (4 vols),
Academy of Islamic Research And Publications,
Nadwatul - Ulama, Lucknow-226007, India, 2011.
Vol. 1, p. 93.
2. See al-Quran Surah Āl-i ‘Imrān, Chapter 3, verse
110. The Quran says: You are the best community
ever sent forth to mankind (to benefit it by your
precept and practice, O Muslims!); you enjoin
what is right and forbid what is wrong, and you
believe in Allah.
3. Asad, Muhammad, Islam at the crossroads, Adam
Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi-110002,
(India), 2011, p. 32.
4. Ezra of the Bible, whose official title in the Jewish
tradition is the ‘Scribe of the words of the
commandments of the Lord and His statutes for
Israel’ (Friedlander, ‘Jewish religion’, p. 125) and
whose work constitutes a landmark in the history
of Judaism. (Daryābādī, op. cit. vol. 2, p. 226).
5. Masīḥ literally is ‘wiped over with some such
thing as oil,’ and Al-Masīḥ (with the definite
article AL) is ‘the Anointed, the Christ.’ Note that
the holy Quran never disputes the title of Jesus to
Messiahship. It is only his Divinity whether as Son or
as Child or Incarnation that Islam so consistently
denounces. (Daryābādī, op. cit. vol. 2, p. 227).
6. (A.S.): It is an abbreviation for Arabic “ و مﻼسﻼ
هيلع ”ةولصﻼ which can be translated in English as
“May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him”.
7. Palestine might at once have been occupied, or its
conquest at any rate commenced, if the people had
had faith. But, on the near approach of danger,
their hearts failed them (Rawlinson, Moses: His
life and times, p. 177). As quoted by Daryābādī,
op. cit. vol. 1, p. 421.
8. (S.A.A.W
.S): It is an abbreviation for Arabic “ و ملس
يلص للها ”هيلع which can be translated in English as
“May Allah’s blessings and peace be upon him”.
It is necessary for a Muslim, and it a source of
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2018 Page: 2750
great reward for him to read “يلص للها هيلع و ”ملس
whenever Prophet’s name is mentioned.
9. For better understanding of the Islamic injunctions
related to the rahbāniyyah (asceticism /
monasticism) see: Shafīʻ, Muftī Muḥammad,
Maʻārif al-Qur’ān (8 vols; rendered in English
by: Prof. Muhammad Shamim, Muhammad Ishrat
Husain, Muhammad Walī Raazi, Moulānā Ahmad
Khalil Aziz, Prof. Muhammad Hasan Askari),
Farid Exports, New Delhi, India. Vol. 8, pp. 338-
342.
10. Daryābādī, op. cit. vol. 4, p. 331.
11. (Raḍ.A): It is an abbreviation for Arabic “ مهنع
امهنع اهنع يضر للها ”هنع which can be translated in
English as “May Allah be pleased with him / her /
both of them / all of them.”
12. Quoted by Daryābādī, op. cit. vol. 1, p. 148.
13. Ibid. vol. 1, p. 148.
14. Ibid. vol. 1, p. 148.
15. Daryābādī, op. cit. vol. 1, p. 153.