Sigfox technology has emerged as a competitive product in the communication service provider market for
approximately a decade. Widely implemented for smart parking solutions across various European
countries, it has now gained traction in Germany as well. The technology's successful track record and
reputation in the market demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability in addressing the communication
needs of IoT applications, particularly in the context of vehicle parking systems. This is noted in terms of a
city like Berlin-Germany, for on which the study is conducted. The major challenge being on how to relate
the parking techniques in a more user friendly, cost effective and less energy consumpmti0n mode where
the questions had at the beginning of the paper, relatively at the end the answers are sought to it via Sigfox
and its comparison with other related technologies like LoRA WAN and weightless. But more so future
areas of research study is also pointed out on areas which are not clearly identified in this particular
research area.
This paper entails the pros, cons adaptive, emerging and existing technology study in terms of cloud, big
data, Data analytics are all discussed in tandem to Sigfox.
Connected car experts were interviewed about what telematics services consumers will pay for and how they will pay. Most agreed that navigation services with traffic updates are most valuable. Remote access apps and fleet/security services were also cited. Payment will primarily be through inclusion in the initial vehicle price or annual/monthly subscriptions, with extended free trials common. Mass market brands may include basic services by default while high-end brands offer more optional services. OEMs and dealers were identified as being best positioned to leverage the vehicle data for additional aftermarket sales and services.
Machine vision based smart parking system using Internet of ThingsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
It is expected that in the next decade, majority of world population will be living in cities.
Better public services and infrastructures in the city are needed to cope with the booming population.
City vehicles that cruising for parking have indirectly causing traffic, making one harder to travel around the
city. Thus, a smart parking system can certainly lays the foundation to build a smart city. This paper
proposed a cost-effective IoT smart parking system to monitor city parking space and provide real-time
parking information to drivers. Moreover, instead of the conventional approach that uses embedded
sensors to detect vehicles in the parking area, camera image and machine vision technology are used to
obtain the parking status. In the prototype, twenty outdoor parking lots are covered using a 5 megapixel
camera connected to Raspberry Pi 3 installed at the 5th floor of the nearby building. Machine vision in this
project that involved motion tracking and Canny edge detection are programmed in Python 2 using
OpenCV technology. Corresponding data is uploaded to an IoT platform called Ubidots for possible
monitoring activity. An Android mobile application is designed for user to download real-time data of
parking information. This paper introduces a low cost smart parking system with the overall detection
accuracy of 96.40%. Also, the mobile application allows users to alert other car owners for any emergency
incidents and double parking blockage. The developed system can provide a platform for users to search
for empty car parking with ease and reduce the traffic issues such as illegal double parking especially in
the urban area.
Catalogue des sociétés israéliennes - Journée de l'Innovation France-Israël l...Jean Grangier Sarfati
Vous pourrez consulter ici le catalogue des sociétés israéliennes inscrites à la 3ème Journée de l'Innovation France-Israël le 6 avril prochain à Bercy.
Application of RFID Technology and the Maximum Spanning Tree Algorithm for So...dbpublications
The objective of this paper is to monitor air pollution on roads and track a vehicle which causes pollution. In order to solve this problem, many countries and regions have already presented a series of emissions standards, meanwhile some methods has been developed, including update motor engine or improving the quality of the gasoline. However, these actions have not brought about striking effect as we expect. In this system, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as a low-cost and mature wireless communication method is adopted to collect and transmit emissions information of vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) concept is proposed. Moreover, The RFID devices need to be installed on the traffic lights so that reliable reading of emissions signals from a vehicle can be interrogated when the vehicles stop in front of the red light .By applying the system, it is possible to smoothly realize a green traffic network. Maximum spanning tree algorithm (MXAST) is also presented to select suitable traffic lights aim to reduce the number of RFID devices and guaranteed the whole urban cars can be monitored.
IDTechEx Research: Printed Electronics for the Automotive IndustryIDTechEx
The total market for flexible and printed electronics in automotive applications is expected to reach $5.5bn by 2026, spearheaded by significant growth expected by OLED displays and lighting as well as in-mold electronics applications in the next decade. These slides from IDTechEx focus on these, along with other technologies that benefit from additive processing and flexibility in form factor and will include advances in printed sensors, haptics, thin film photovoltaics and others. Slides cover: Market forecasts for printed electronics in vehicles; Mature markets; Fast growing opportunities; Opportunities in the long term.
This document discusses the emerging need for data and marketplaces to support automated vehicle fleets. It summarizes Deutsche Telekom and T-Systems profiles, including customers, markets, and facts and figures. It then discusses T-Systems' role in providing IoT solutions and services for connected mobility challenges. The Autopilot project aims to enhance driving environments using IoT sensors and integrate IoT platforms and sensor data sharing to enable new automated driving services. Business models for public transport and shared mobility must address stakeholder needs around value, challenges, and forecasting return on investment from pilot experiences.
IRJET- High Responsive Smart Parking System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed smart parking system using IoT. The system uses RFID sensors and a PIC microcontroller to detect vehicle occupancy of parking spaces in real-time. This information is sent to a cloud database. A mobile app allows drivers to check parking availability and book spaces. The system aims to address issues like inefficient parking, traffic congestion, and reduced fuel consumption by helping drivers find vacant spaces quickly. It provides real-time parking information and allows contactless payment of fees.
The document discusses the need for an open telematics operating system (OS) to address fragmentation in the in-car telematics market. It describes how an open OS could foster market maturity by allowing telematics service providers to focus on applications rather than hardware. The document outlines criteria for evaluating open platforms and provides scenarios of how all telematics services could be developed for an open OS, bringing services to both consumer and commercial markets. It examines case studies of using open platforms and discusses benefits like improving features and focusing on core business.
Connected car experts were interviewed about what telematics services consumers will pay for and how they will pay. Most agreed that navigation services with traffic updates are most valuable. Remote access apps and fleet/security services were also cited. Payment will primarily be through inclusion in the initial vehicle price or annual/monthly subscriptions, with extended free trials common. Mass market brands may include basic services by default while high-end brands offer more optional services. OEMs and dealers were identified as being best positioned to leverage the vehicle data for additional aftermarket sales and services.
Machine vision based smart parking system using Internet of ThingsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
It is expected that in the next decade, majority of world population will be living in cities.
Better public services and infrastructures in the city are needed to cope with the booming population.
City vehicles that cruising for parking have indirectly causing traffic, making one harder to travel around the
city. Thus, a smart parking system can certainly lays the foundation to build a smart city. This paper
proposed a cost-effective IoT smart parking system to monitor city parking space and provide real-time
parking information to drivers. Moreover, instead of the conventional approach that uses embedded
sensors to detect vehicles in the parking area, camera image and machine vision technology are used to
obtain the parking status. In the prototype, twenty outdoor parking lots are covered using a 5 megapixel
camera connected to Raspberry Pi 3 installed at the 5th floor of the nearby building. Machine vision in this
project that involved motion tracking and Canny edge detection are programmed in Python 2 using
OpenCV technology. Corresponding data is uploaded to an IoT platform called Ubidots for possible
monitoring activity. An Android mobile application is designed for user to download real-time data of
parking information. This paper introduces a low cost smart parking system with the overall detection
accuracy of 96.40%. Also, the mobile application allows users to alert other car owners for any emergency
incidents and double parking blockage. The developed system can provide a platform for users to search
for empty car parking with ease and reduce the traffic issues such as illegal double parking especially in
the urban area.
Catalogue des sociétés israéliennes - Journée de l'Innovation France-Israël l...Jean Grangier Sarfati
Vous pourrez consulter ici le catalogue des sociétés israéliennes inscrites à la 3ème Journée de l'Innovation France-Israël le 6 avril prochain à Bercy.
Application of RFID Technology and the Maximum Spanning Tree Algorithm for So...dbpublications
The objective of this paper is to monitor air pollution on roads and track a vehicle which causes pollution. In order to solve this problem, many countries and regions have already presented a series of emissions standards, meanwhile some methods has been developed, including update motor engine or improving the quality of the gasoline. However, these actions have not brought about striking effect as we expect. In this system, Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology as a low-cost and mature wireless communication method is adopted to collect and transmit emissions information of vehicles and Internet of Things (IoT) concept is proposed. Moreover, The RFID devices need to be installed on the traffic lights so that reliable reading of emissions signals from a vehicle can be interrogated when the vehicles stop in front of the red light .By applying the system, it is possible to smoothly realize a green traffic network. Maximum spanning tree algorithm (MXAST) is also presented to select suitable traffic lights aim to reduce the number of RFID devices and guaranteed the whole urban cars can be monitored.
IDTechEx Research: Printed Electronics for the Automotive IndustryIDTechEx
The total market for flexible and printed electronics in automotive applications is expected to reach $5.5bn by 2026, spearheaded by significant growth expected by OLED displays and lighting as well as in-mold electronics applications in the next decade. These slides from IDTechEx focus on these, along with other technologies that benefit from additive processing and flexibility in form factor and will include advances in printed sensors, haptics, thin film photovoltaics and others. Slides cover: Market forecasts for printed electronics in vehicles; Mature markets; Fast growing opportunities; Opportunities in the long term.
This document discusses the emerging need for data and marketplaces to support automated vehicle fleets. It summarizes Deutsche Telekom and T-Systems profiles, including customers, markets, and facts and figures. It then discusses T-Systems' role in providing IoT solutions and services for connected mobility challenges. The Autopilot project aims to enhance driving environments using IoT sensors and integrate IoT platforms and sensor data sharing to enable new automated driving services. Business models for public transport and shared mobility must address stakeholder needs around value, challenges, and forecasting return on investment from pilot experiences.
IRJET- High Responsive Smart Parking System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document presents a proposed smart parking system using IoT. The system uses RFID sensors and a PIC microcontroller to detect vehicle occupancy of parking spaces in real-time. This information is sent to a cloud database. A mobile app allows drivers to check parking availability and book spaces. The system aims to address issues like inefficient parking, traffic congestion, and reduced fuel consumption by helping drivers find vacant spaces quickly. It provides real-time parking information and allows contactless payment of fees.
The document discusses the need for an open telematics operating system (OS) to address fragmentation in the in-car telematics market. It describes how an open OS could foster market maturity by allowing telematics service providers to focus on applications rather than hardware. The document outlines criteria for evaluating open platforms and provides scenarios of how all telematics services could be developed for an open OS, bringing services to both consumer and commercial markets. It examines case studies of using open platforms and discusses benefits like improving features and focusing on core business.
Global Smart Parking Market is anticipated to be around US$ 23.56 Billion in 2030, according to Renub Research. In today's technology-driven era, where cities are embracing the Smart City model to tackle 21st-century challenges, parking has become a focus area. One of the emerging solutions is the smart parking system, which offers digital advancements to bring order and efficiency to parking lots.
Enter the New App Generation: Deliver Intuitive
Content to Springboard into the ‘Revenue Era’ of
Infotainment.
8th-9th April, Hotel Kempinski, Munich, Germany
TADSummit, Simfony: Building a Global IoT Service Provider using Programmable...Alan Quayle
Simfony: Building a Global IoT Service Provider using Programmable Telecoms
Stefan Anghel, Product Architect, Simfony Mobile
Where does IoT make sense? Cutting through the hype to real business and real solutions.
Review of the IoT Landscape, understanding the enablers and ecosystem.
Simfony's IoT Platform: an M2M focused MVNO. Delivering solutions to business problems.
The Future of IoT service providers.
every city suffering with congestion problem. so to deal with this problem companies introduce multiprotocol wireless parking solution with the use of latest RFID technology.
This document proposes an all-in-one vehicle simulation and protection system using RFID technology. It would improve upon existing solutions by allowing simulation of multiple vehicles over a long range using RFID sensors, as well as providing collision protection for vehicles. The system would use RFID detectors and transmitters to calculate distance and speed between vehicles to avoid accidents, especially in difficult conditions like fog. This innovative solution combines vehicle simulation, protection, and RFID technology into a single system with potential benefits for traffic handling and safety.
The number of automobiles on the road will only increase due to the ever increasing population development in urban areas across the world and manufacturers ongoing manufacturing of all types of vehicles. This inevitably causes additional traffic congestion, which is exacerbated during rush hour and especially in big urban areas. Urban planners, local officials, and academics are continuously under pressure from this phenomenon to find methods to make traffic management systems safer and more cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to solve this ongoing issue, leading to some major advancements like specific lanes for emergency vehicles in metropolitan areas. Even with these lanes, it is sometimes challenging to meet the appropriate goal timeframes for emergency vehicles to arrive at their locations. Intelligent Transportation System is a fresh approach that aims to solve this problem ITS . By fusing present infrastructure with existing technologies, this approach can aid in problem solving. In this paper, three alternative traffic management techniques RFID, Internet of Things, and Traffic Light Systems TLS , which can be static or dynamic IoT . In the latter approach, traffic data are swiftly gathered and delivered to Big Data for analysis, while mobile applications, also known as User Interface UI , are used to evaluate traffic density in various places and offer alternate traffic relief suggestions. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Review: Smart Traffic Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/50595/review-smart-traffic-management-system/bharti-kumari
Business intelligence on the chinese greentech marketEC2i
EC2i objective is to support the internationalisation of European Cleantech SMEs in China and the United States by conducting cluster missions and facilitating cross-cluster partnerships. In this sense, attention is paid to developing tools to guide SMEs through the process of forming consortia and developing projects with clients.
Business intelligence for relevant US and Chinese markets have been collected in reports and are here disseminated to SMEs.
The tools presented here address general barrieres to internationalisation as well as more specific problems SMEs face when integrating themselves into complex, international value chains.
This document discusses using wireless communications to support street parking management. It outlines the motivation, state of the art, system architecture, vehicle sensor/detector, sensor assessment and pilot field test. The system aims to help manage parking and reduce traffic by detecting vacant spaces, enabling payment processes and abuse control through wireless sensors, gateways and mobile applications.
IRJET- Smart Parking System in Multi-Storey BuildingsIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a proposed smart parking system for multi-storey buildings that uses sensors, a microcontroller, cloud storage, and an Android application.
2. Infrared sensors attached to a Raspberry Pi microcontroller would detect available parking spaces and send that data to the cloud, while an Android app would allow drivers to view available spaces and reserve them.
3. The system is intended to more efficiently manage parking by monitoring space availability in real-time and allowing drivers to reserve spaces in advance through their phones.
IRJET- A Study on Smart Parking System using IOT for Indian MallsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart parking system for Indian malls using IoT to address issues with current manual parking systems. It would use sensors to detect available parking spaces and allow drivers to check availability on their phones before arriving. When parking, the system would automatically guide cars into spaces and drivers would pay using their phone number. The system aims to optimize space usage, improve traffic flow, and help drivers locate available spots to reduce congestion and emissions. It proposes implementing this using Raspberry Pi, ultrasonic sensors and a central system to monitor space availability in real-time and provide data analytics.
Right now economy, the number of vehicle user’s increments exponentially requesting all the more parking spots. Inescapable nearness of advanced cell urges users to lean toward mobile application based arrangements. The development of IoT has cleared the path for the incorporation of cell phones, remote correspondence advancements, and portable applications. internet of Things IoT assumes an indispensable job in interfacing the encompassing ecological things to the system and made simple to get to those un internet things from any remote area. Its unavoidable for the individuals to refresh with the developing technology. Also, for the most part, individuals are confronting issues on leaving vehicles in leaving spaces in a city. Lately, the idea of shrewd urban communities has picked up grind prevalence. On account of the development of the Internet of things savvy city currently is by all accounts attainable. Predictable endeavors are being made in the field of IoT so as to augment the efficiency and unwavering quality of the urban framework. Issues, for example, traffic clog, a restricted vehicle leaving offices and street security are being tended to by IoT. Right now, present an IoT based cloud incorporated shrewd stopping framework. The proposed Intelligent Parking framework comprises of an on location sending of an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of each single parking spot. A versatile application is likewise given that permits an end client to check the accessibility of parking spots and book a stopping space as needs are. The paper likewise depicts an elevated level perspective on framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper talks about the working of the framework in the type of a utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the proposed model. Abhinav Anand Singh "Intelligent Parking System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30452.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30452/intelligent-parking-system/abhinav-anand-singh
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel smart parking system using IoT technology to address issues with conventional parking methods. The proposed system uses RFID, ultrasonic sensors, and GPS to identify vehicles, detect available spots, and determine parking fees based on distance and time. It allows users to reserve spots through a mobile app. Simulation results found the smart parking method reduces fuel use, travel time/distance, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methods. The system provides real-time parking information and availability to users through an iOS mobile app integrated with cloud services.
Telematics refers to the integration of telecommunications and informatics. It has evolved from early vehicle tracking technologies to now provide a wide range of fleet management services using GPS. The document discusses the history and development of telematics, how it benefits fleet management through features like fuel tracking, navigation services and reducing incidents. It also outlines key innovations in telematics technology over time. The future of telematics is discussed as becoming more personalized, interactive and open through standardized systems and applications.
Here is an example:
- Total cost of the project is €150,000
- SME applies individually and is eligible for 80% funding
- 80% of €150,000 is €120,000
- However, the individual cap is €100,000
- Therefore, the SME will receive a grant of €100,000
- The remaining 20% (€30,000) must be provided by the SME either as in-kind or own funding
CASE 2 – Pilot Group of 3 applies
Principle:
i. Fund is 80% of the total cost of the project, with an overall cap of € 300,000
ii. Each member of the pilot group will need
This report analyzes the latest developments in the global market for personal navigation devices and mobile turn-by-turn navigation services. It provides a 160-page analysis of the industry, including forecasts and commentary. The report examines navigation solutions for cars and pedestrians, as well as the impact of free navigation apps. It also profiles major companies in digital maps, traffic data, and navigation software development.
The document describes a proposed smart parking system called D-PARK that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for high-resolution localization of parking spots. It analyzes sensor and signal data from mobile devices to determine user and vehicle status for parking services. The system achieves 95% accuracy in locating a parking spot within the second guess using BLE beacon signals analyzed at different scanning intervals. It also detects user intent through status sensing and cloud analysis to provide an improved parking experience.
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of thi.pdfexcellentmobilesabc
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of this assignment is to write a
program to operate the barriers to allow the cars in and out. As you can see there is a box in
which there are two condition lights for when the car park is Full, and when there are Spaces.
The entrance to the car park is on the left hand side. When a car drives into the car park there is a
sensor that detects the car and this should cause the barrier to be opened to allow the car in. On
the right hand side is the exit. When a car leaves the car park it will activate a sensor inside the
park to open the exit barrier. Both the entry and exit barriers will need to be in the Up position
long enough to allow the cars to enter or leave the car park. The inputs and outputs are listed as
follows: IP0 = Entry Sensor OP0 = Entry Barrier IP1 = Exit Sensor OP1 = Exit Barrier OP2 =
Full Light OP3 = Spaces Light When writing the program it is necessary to observe the
following conditions. When the car park is not full the Spaces light should be \'ON\'. When the
car park is full the Full light should be \'ON\'. As a car enters or leaves the car park the entry and
exit barriers have to be held in the Up position long enough to allow the cars to pass under the
barriers. When the program is complete and the car park graphic is displayed in Simulation mode
the program is operated by pointing at the car and clicking the mouse button. You will see
directional pointers left and right so point at and click the direction you wish the car to travel.
When you wish a car to leave the car park point at the one you wish to leave the park and click.
You should explain the operation of the program, using the documentation facility.
Solution
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012
1 ISSN 2250-3153
ITS IMPLEMENTED IN THIS PAPER ,PLEASE GO THROUGH IT.
Abstract- Recently, with the rapid development of micro electronics technology, wireless
communication technology and embedded system, the technology of wireless sensor network
(WSN) has been advanced a lot. At the meanwhile, more and more producers and international
organizers want to make the mote more intelligent and standard. Sensor Networks being
considered as an emerging area of research in recent years has evolved in itself a large potential
to counteract the ongoing system. By networking large numbers of tiny sensor motes, it is
possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or even sometimes
impossible to obtain in conventional ways. Automatic multi-stored car parking system is very
good substitute for car parking area. Since in modern world, where space has become a very big
problem and in the era of miniaturization its become a very crucial necessity to avoid the
wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. For example, in a space where
more than 100 cars need to be parked, it’s a very difficult task to do and also to reduce the
w.
1. Venios has developed the Venios Energy Solution (VES) software that can identify critical areas in the power grid and provide grid operators with transparency and tools to optimize grid maintenance and expansion. It helps balance investments in grid upgrades versus intelligent utilization of existing infrastructure.
2. The Digital Delta project in the Netherlands uses a cloud platform to collect, integrate and analyze water management data from multiple sources. This will help model weather events and determine best actions for issues like floods, droughts, and water quality.
3. Dazzletek provides an intelligent lighting control solution that can exceptionally save energy in public and industry lighting through a full wireless system and back office apps for installation, configuration and monitoring.
Smart Parking is a global company that provides parking management solutions using sensor technology. They have offices worldwide and manage over 500,000 parking spaces in the UK. Their core products include SmartCloud, a cloud-based parking management platform, SmartSensors that detect vehicle presence in parking spaces in real-time, and SmartRep, a software that provides analytics on parking space usage.
Presentation given by Nikolay Tcholtev, Fraunhofer Fokus, at Open & Agile Smart Cities' annual Connected Smart Cities & Communities Conference 2020 on 23 January in Brussels, Belgium.
HMM Classifier for Human Activity RecognitionCSEIJJournal
The rapid improvement in technology causes more attention towards to Recognizing of human activities
from video. These new technological growth has made vision-based research much more interesting and
efficient than ever before. This paper present novel HMM (Hidden Markov Model) based approach for
Human activity recognition from video. There are different approaches of HMM to recognize action of
human from video. Like threshold and voting to automatically and effectively segment and recognize
complex activities, segment and recognize complex activities and for simple activities we use Elman
Network (EN) and two hybrids of Neural Network (NN) and HMM, i.e. HMM-NN and NN-HMM.
Reliability Improvement with PSP of Web-Based Software ApplicationsCSEIJJournal
In diverse industrial and academic environments, the quality of the software has been evaluated using
different analytic studies. The contribution of the present work is focused on the development of a
methodology in order to improve the evaluation and analysis of the reliability of web-based software
applications. The Personal Software Process (PSP) was introduced in our methodology for improving the
quality of the process and the product. The Evaluation + Improvement (Ei) process is performed in our
methodology to evaluate and improve the quality of the software system. We tested our methodology in a
web-based software system and used statistical modeling theory for the analysis and evaluation of the
reliability. The behavior of the system under ideal conditions was evaluated and compared against the
operation of the system executing under real conditions. The results obtained demonstrated the
effectiveness and applicability of our methodology
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Ähnlich wie IOT SOLUTIONS FOR SMART PARKING- SIGFOX TECHNOLOGY
Global Smart Parking Market is anticipated to be around US$ 23.56 Billion in 2030, according to Renub Research. In today's technology-driven era, where cities are embracing the Smart City model to tackle 21st-century challenges, parking has become a focus area. One of the emerging solutions is the smart parking system, which offers digital advancements to bring order and efficiency to parking lots.
Enter the New App Generation: Deliver Intuitive
Content to Springboard into the ‘Revenue Era’ of
Infotainment.
8th-9th April, Hotel Kempinski, Munich, Germany
TADSummit, Simfony: Building a Global IoT Service Provider using Programmable...Alan Quayle
Simfony: Building a Global IoT Service Provider using Programmable Telecoms
Stefan Anghel, Product Architect, Simfony Mobile
Where does IoT make sense? Cutting through the hype to real business and real solutions.
Review of the IoT Landscape, understanding the enablers and ecosystem.
Simfony's IoT Platform: an M2M focused MVNO. Delivering solutions to business problems.
The Future of IoT service providers.
every city suffering with congestion problem. so to deal with this problem companies introduce multiprotocol wireless parking solution with the use of latest RFID technology.
This document proposes an all-in-one vehicle simulation and protection system using RFID technology. It would improve upon existing solutions by allowing simulation of multiple vehicles over a long range using RFID sensors, as well as providing collision protection for vehicles. The system would use RFID detectors and transmitters to calculate distance and speed between vehicles to avoid accidents, especially in difficult conditions like fog. This innovative solution combines vehicle simulation, protection, and RFID technology into a single system with potential benefits for traffic handling and safety.
The number of automobiles on the road will only increase due to the ever increasing population development in urban areas across the world and manufacturers ongoing manufacturing of all types of vehicles. This inevitably causes additional traffic congestion, which is exacerbated during rush hour and especially in big urban areas. Urban planners, local officials, and academics are continuously under pressure from this phenomenon to find methods to make traffic management systems safer and more cost effective. Numerous researches have been carried out to solve this ongoing issue, leading to some major advancements like specific lanes for emergency vehicles in metropolitan areas. Even with these lanes, it is sometimes challenging to meet the appropriate goal timeframes for emergency vehicles to arrive at their locations. Intelligent Transportation System is a fresh approach that aims to solve this problem ITS . By fusing present infrastructure with existing technologies, this approach can aid in problem solving. In this paper, three alternative traffic management techniques RFID, Internet of Things, and Traffic Light Systems TLS , which can be static or dynamic IoT . In the latter approach, traffic data are swiftly gathered and delivered to Big Data for analysis, while mobile applications, also known as User Interface UI , are used to evaluate traffic density in various places and offer alternate traffic relief suggestions. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Review: Smart Traffic Management System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50595.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/50595/review-smart-traffic-management-system/bharti-kumari
Business intelligence on the chinese greentech marketEC2i
EC2i objective is to support the internationalisation of European Cleantech SMEs in China and the United States by conducting cluster missions and facilitating cross-cluster partnerships. In this sense, attention is paid to developing tools to guide SMEs through the process of forming consortia and developing projects with clients.
Business intelligence for relevant US and Chinese markets have been collected in reports and are here disseminated to SMEs.
The tools presented here address general barrieres to internationalisation as well as more specific problems SMEs face when integrating themselves into complex, international value chains.
This document discusses using wireless communications to support street parking management. It outlines the motivation, state of the art, system architecture, vehicle sensor/detector, sensor assessment and pilot field test. The system aims to help manage parking and reduce traffic by detecting vacant spaces, enabling payment processes and abuse control through wireless sensors, gateways and mobile applications.
IRJET- Smart Parking System in Multi-Storey BuildingsIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a proposed smart parking system for multi-storey buildings that uses sensors, a microcontroller, cloud storage, and an Android application.
2. Infrared sensors attached to a Raspberry Pi microcontroller would detect available parking spaces and send that data to the cloud, while an Android app would allow drivers to view available spaces and reserve them.
3. The system is intended to more efficiently manage parking by monitoring space availability in real-time and allowing drivers to reserve spaces in advance through their phones.
IRJET- A Study on Smart Parking System using IOT for Indian MallsIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart parking system for Indian malls using IoT to address issues with current manual parking systems. It would use sensors to detect available parking spaces and allow drivers to check availability on their phones before arriving. When parking, the system would automatically guide cars into spaces and drivers would pay using their phone number. The system aims to optimize space usage, improve traffic flow, and help drivers locate available spots to reduce congestion and emissions. It proposes implementing this using Raspberry Pi, ultrasonic sensors and a central system to monitor space availability in real-time and provide data analytics.
Right now economy, the number of vehicle user’s increments exponentially requesting all the more parking spots. Inescapable nearness of advanced cell urges users to lean toward mobile application based arrangements. The development of IoT has cleared the path for the incorporation of cell phones, remote correspondence advancements, and portable applications. internet of Things IoT assumes an indispensable job in interfacing the encompassing ecological things to the system and made simple to get to those un internet things from any remote area. Its unavoidable for the individuals to refresh with the developing technology. Also, for the most part, individuals are confronting issues on leaving vehicles in leaving spaces in a city. Lately, the idea of shrewd urban communities has picked up grind prevalence. On account of the development of the Internet of things savvy city currently is by all accounts attainable. Predictable endeavors are being made in the field of IoT so as to augment the efficiency and unwavering quality of the urban framework. Issues, for example, traffic clog, a restricted vehicle leaving offices and street security are being tended to by IoT. Right now, present an IoT based cloud incorporated shrewd stopping framework. The proposed Intelligent Parking framework comprises of an on location sending of an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of each single parking spot. A versatile application is likewise given that permits an end client to check the accessibility of parking spots and book a stopping space as needs are. The paper likewise depicts an elevated level perspective on framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper talks about the working of the framework in the type of a utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the proposed model. Abhinav Anand Singh "Intelligent Parking System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30452.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30452/intelligent-parking-system/abhinav-anand-singh
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a novel smart parking system using IoT technology to address issues with conventional parking methods. The proposed system uses RFID, ultrasonic sensors, and GPS to identify vehicles, detect available spots, and determine parking fees based on distance and time. It allows users to reserve spots through a mobile app. Simulation results found the smart parking method reduces fuel use, travel time/distance, and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methods. The system provides real-time parking information and availability to users through an iOS mobile app integrated with cloud services.
Telematics refers to the integration of telecommunications and informatics. It has evolved from early vehicle tracking technologies to now provide a wide range of fleet management services using GPS. The document discusses the history and development of telematics, how it benefits fleet management through features like fuel tracking, navigation services and reducing incidents. It also outlines key innovations in telematics technology over time. The future of telematics is discussed as becoming more personalized, interactive and open through standardized systems and applications.
Here is an example:
- Total cost of the project is €150,000
- SME applies individually and is eligible for 80% funding
- 80% of €150,000 is €120,000
- However, the individual cap is €100,000
- Therefore, the SME will receive a grant of €100,000
- The remaining 20% (€30,000) must be provided by the SME either as in-kind or own funding
CASE 2 – Pilot Group of 3 applies
Principle:
i. Fund is 80% of the total cost of the project, with an overall cap of € 300,000
ii. Each member of the pilot group will need
This report analyzes the latest developments in the global market for personal navigation devices and mobile turn-by-turn navigation services. It provides a 160-page analysis of the industry, including forecasts and commentary. The report examines navigation solutions for cars and pedestrians, as well as the impact of free navigation apps. It also profiles major companies in digital maps, traffic data, and navigation software development.
The document describes a proposed smart parking system called D-PARK that uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for high-resolution localization of parking spots. It analyzes sensor and signal data from mobile devices to determine user and vehicle status for parking services. The system achieves 95% accuracy in locating a parking spot within the second guess using BLE beacon signals analyzed at different scanning intervals. It also detects user intent through status sensing and cloud analysis to provide an improved parking experience.
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of thi.pdfexcellentmobilesabc
Consider the above diagram. FIGURE, of the car park The object of this assignment is to write a
program to operate the barriers to allow the cars in and out. As you can see there is a box in
which there are two condition lights for when the car park is Full, and when there are Spaces.
The entrance to the car park is on the left hand side. When a car drives into the car park there is a
sensor that detects the car and this should cause the barrier to be opened to allow the car in. On
the right hand side is the exit. When a car leaves the car park it will activate a sensor inside the
park to open the exit barrier. Both the entry and exit barriers will need to be in the Up position
long enough to allow the cars to enter or leave the car park. The inputs and outputs are listed as
follows: IP0 = Entry Sensor OP0 = Entry Barrier IP1 = Exit Sensor OP1 = Exit Barrier OP2 =
Full Light OP3 = Spaces Light When writing the program it is necessary to observe the
following conditions. When the car park is not full the Spaces light should be \'ON\'. When the
car park is full the Full light should be \'ON\'. As a car enters or leaves the car park the entry and
exit barriers have to be held in the Up position long enough to allow the cars to pass under the
barriers. When the program is complete and the car park graphic is displayed in Simulation mode
the program is operated by pointing at the car and clicking the mouse button. You will see
directional pointers left and right so point at and click the direction you wish the car to travel.
When you wish a car to leave the car park point at the one you wish to leave the park and click.
You should explain the operation of the program, using the documentation facility.
Solution
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2012
1 ISSN 2250-3153
ITS IMPLEMENTED IN THIS PAPER ,PLEASE GO THROUGH IT.
Abstract- Recently, with the rapid development of micro electronics technology, wireless
communication technology and embedded system, the technology of wireless sensor network
(WSN) has been advanced a lot. At the meanwhile, more and more producers and international
organizers want to make the mote more intelligent and standard. Sensor Networks being
considered as an emerging area of research in recent years has evolved in itself a large potential
to counteract the ongoing system. By networking large numbers of tiny sensor motes, it is
possible to obtain data about physical phenomena that was difficult or even sometimes
impossible to obtain in conventional ways. Automatic multi-stored car parking system is very
good substitute for car parking area. Since in modern world, where space has become a very big
problem and in the era of miniaturization its become a very crucial necessity to avoid the
wastage of space in modern, big companies and apartments etc. For example, in a space where
more than 100 cars need to be parked, it’s a very difficult task to do and also to reduce the
w.
1. Venios has developed the Venios Energy Solution (VES) software that can identify critical areas in the power grid and provide grid operators with transparency and tools to optimize grid maintenance and expansion. It helps balance investments in grid upgrades versus intelligent utilization of existing infrastructure.
2. The Digital Delta project in the Netherlands uses a cloud platform to collect, integrate and analyze water management data from multiple sources. This will help model weather events and determine best actions for issues like floods, droughts, and water quality.
3. Dazzletek provides an intelligent lighting control solution that can exceptionally save energy in public and industry lighting through a full wireless system and back office apps for installation, configuration and monitoring.
Smart Parking is a global company that provides parking management solutions using sensor technology. They have offices worldwide and manage over 500,000 parking spaces in the UK. Their core products include SmartCloud, a cloud-based parking management platform, SmartSensors that detect vehicle presence in parking spaces in real-time, and SmartRep, a software that provides analytics on parking space usage.
Presentation given by Nikolay Tcholtev, Fraunhofer Fokus, at Open & Agile Smart Cities' annual Connected Smart Cities & Communities Conference 2020 on 23 January in Brussels, Belgium.
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IOT SOLUTIONS FOR SMART PARKING- SIGFOX TECHNOLOGY
1. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol 14, No 2, April 2024
DOI:10.5121/cseij.2024.14201 1
IOT SOLUTIONS FOR SMART PARKING- SIGFOX
TECHNOLOGY
Rachel John Robinson
IU University of Applied Sciences, Germany
ABSTRACT
Sigfox technology has emerged as a competitive product in the communication service provider market for
approximately a decade. Widely implemented for smart parking solutions across various European
countries, it has now gained traction in Germany as well. The technology's successful track record and
reputation in the market demonstrate its effectiveness and reliability in addressing the communication
needs of IoT applications, particularly in the context of vehicle parking systems. This is noted in terms of a
city like Berlin-Germany, for on which the study is conducted. The major challenge being on how to relate
the parking techniques in a more user friendly, cost effective and less energy consumpmti0n mode where
the questions had at the beginning of the paper, relatively at the end the answers are sought to it via Sigfox
and its comparison with other related technologies like LoRA WAN and weightless. But more so future
areas of research study is also pointed out on areas which are not clearly identified in this particular
research area.
This paper entails the pros, cons adaptive, emerging and existing technology study in terms of cloud, big
data, Data analytics are all discussed in tandem to Sigfox.
KEYWORDS
Sigfox, LoRAWAN, Weightless, Big data, Data analytics, Cloud, Smart Parking, Existing and Emerging
technology.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the beginning to start with an opening comment from [1] who says a man finds power in the
contemplation of what he has absorbed, in the knowledge of which he finds safety and happiness.
Hence to state a man’s safety and happiness is attributed to the knowledge of things he possesses
under the realm of the universe. Well to ironically correlate this psychological condition with my
present topic of analyzing the Sigfox technology for Smart Parking in this smart world yes, it’s
quite challenging and interesting to collect, read, understand and present the personal
interpretations for a better world.
When contemplating what areas of our daily lives needs better solutions for faster working pace
of life, it’s obvious to start with our on road solutions for in it we as human beings spend most of
our time quantitatively without our willingness as wastage. This wastage when monetized for any
city for that matter would run to few millions dollars depending on the country and the city’s
growth. Obviously this translates to the very intrinsic problem of traffic on roads but there is
another aspect of on-road time wastage which city dwellers face these modern days. Its nothing
but their time spent on search for parking of their two or four wheeled vehicles.
Now taking my current city of dwelling as an example I would like to state certain facts which
might be alarming for search of better cost effective solution at the earliest to keep the problem
within limits. The city is none other than Berlin, Germany. “INRIX published a major new study
2. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol 14, No 2, April 2024
2
that analyzed and ranked the economic costs of “parking pain”. The study found that German
drivers spend an average of 41 hours a year searching for the elusive parking spot at a cost of
€896 per driver in wasted time, fuel and emissions and the country as a whole €40.4 billion. The
study combined data from the INRIX Parking database of 100,000 locations in 8,700 cities in
more than 100 countries, with results from a survey of nearly 18,000 drivers in the US, UK and
Germany, including almost 5,000 in 10 German cities. As per the Parking ranking Table below-
Berlin is third (62 hours - €1.8bn), Düsseldorf in fourth (61 hours - €564m) with Cologne (60
hours - €861) rounding out the top five cities. Berlin has a much greater economic cost impact of
searching for parking due to the city having a higher population and more cars and drivers.” [16]
Table 1: INRIX Parking Ranking (Germany) – Hours Spent Searching for Parking
Rank
German
City
Average 2-
Hour
Parking
Cost(within
one mile of
city centre)
On-Street
Search
Time(minutes
per trip)
Off-Street
Search
Time(minutes
per trip)
Annual
Search
Time(hours
per driver
per
annum)
Annual
Search
Cost
Per
Driver
Annual
Search
Cost
Per
City
1 Frankfurt € 4 10 7 65 € 1,410 €702m
2 Essen € 4 8 7 64 € 1,390 €490m
3 Berlin € 4 9 6 62 € 1,358 €1.8bn
4 Düsseldorf € 2 9 7 61 € 1,337 €564m
5 Cologne € 2 9 6 60 € 1,302 €861m
6 Dortmund € 4 8 6 57 € 1,239 €484m
7 Hamburg € 5 9 6 52 € 1,139 €1.5bn
8 Stuttgart € 5 8 5 52 € 1,136 €437m
9 Munich € 6 9 6 50 € 1,092 €1.1bn
10 Bremen € 3 7 5 49 € 1,065 €393m
Germany € 3 6 4 41 € 896 €40.4bn
Source: Table1: INRIX Parking Ranking (Germany) –Hours Spent Searching for Parking [16]
Now that the problem and its quantum is now been brought out the ways of mitigating the problem is the
most challenging part. But thanks to the advancement in the today’s technology which paves way for better
solution, enhancement of existing solutions and more so provide options on these for cost effectiveness. On
studying the available solutions for the problem one of the main technologies in place is Low Power Wide
Area Network (LPWAN)-Sigfox.
1.1. LPWAN (Sigfox)- A Brief Introduction
Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) is a technology which connects one machine to
another with radio waves or wireless network technology. LPWAN is a renowned wireless
communications technology for its battery life, scalability, coverage and security. It has also
become a proven business model in various fields by supporting range of applications and
deployments. As existing market technologies are very costly for IoT (Internet of Things)
applications, hence service providers commenced with own unlicensed networks and deploying
them. Through own deployment cost reduction or low cost operation was possible against the
traditional network systems. Through this, LPWAN (outside the licensed spectrum) became an
enabler for IoT devices. When in comparison to the existing cost effective communication
technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiFi etc, which are short range in nature, LPWAN on the
other end provides wide area coverage at a cost competitive model. Various are the types of
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LPWAN communication technologies like Sigfox, Lora, NB-Iot, Weightless etc. For over a
decade, Sigfox technology has been a leading player in the market, offering innovative solutions
for a wide range of industries. Their smart parking solution, which has been successfully
implemented in numerous European countries, has now gained traction in Germany as well. With
its proven track record of reliability and efficiency, Sigfox technology has quickly become a go-
to choose for businesses looking to optimize their parking systems. The seamless integration of
Sigfox technology allows for real-time monitoring and management of parking spaces, providing
a cost-effective and user-friendly solution for both operators and users. As more and more
companies in Germany adopt this cutting-edge technology, Sigfox continues to solidify its
position as a competitive and trusted provider in the market. These are to be discussed in details
as below.
2. BASIS OF LITERATURE REVIEW ON SIGFOX
According to [4] survey, a parking system is essential to translate an administrative model in a
city to an operational model. To enable this sensor of different kinds can be used like camera,
accelerator, magnetometer, optical, RFID, radar, ultrasonic etc. The major 2 dimensions of the
survey were how the information was getting disseminated and what are the parking
competitiveness in terms of human behavior. For our paper on concentrating on information
dissemination- the sensors had to be installed in parking spaces so that sending messages through
the Communication Technology (CT). This is either via short range like Bluetooth/Zigbee/Zwave
or long range like Sigfox, LoRA, Weightless. The one advantage of long range CT is
communication via radio access network can be done to any point at any interval with other
infrastructures. On the paper cited above, the author finally suggests on a parking system
deployment model consisting of stages of software system management, E parking monitoring, a
software solution with a user interface and guidance.
In [5] it had been recently cited that Berlin official’s along with the company Siemens
implemented radar sensors on street lights ranging about 200m in certain sections of the Berlin
city. Its noted that from the position of it being raised, the network sensor which was embedded
in the street lights can scan an area of about 30m which equates to a position scanning of five to
eighty parking lots/ spaces. From the scanned position the sensors keeps track of the free spaces
and report back on the free spaces available to the space management software held for e-
parking. The city traffic system which hold these kinds of information on the particular areas
availability for parking, gets it forwarded from the information centre to the user’s cell phone
application via the data interface of the cell phone operator. This will enable the drivers to find
the free parking spaces simply by the navigation device or using the smartphones or city parking
guidance signs/ machines.
On understanding what the Sigfox technology basically mean is that SigFox is already it’s a
commercialized, proprietary owned product in smart parking markets and used in some cities,
e.g., This technology is based on ultra narrow band intelligence which enable to send small size
messages through the cellular link using a very small bandwidth. [10] “The major competitors to
sigfox long range technology are LoRA and Weightless. LoRa has a longer transmission range
than cellular networks and provides different energy classes for different applications’ needs.
Geneva has just launched a pilot project with 16 parking sensors equipped with LoRa in January
2015, in order to evaluate the possibility to deploy LoRa equipped sensors for the Smart Canton
initiative. Likewise, thanks to Weightless is now deployed in London and Melbourne. In
addition, Dinh et al. analyzed the on-street parking data in Melbourne to find out parking
violations, that is, all the parking behaviors that do not comply with the parking rules.” [11]
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To make the undertaken study of sigfox to be in light with other competitive technologies, a
comparative sheet of the three is now presented for broader view.
Figure1: LPWAN technologies comparison
Source: The Keleno [11]
As understood from the table above it is clear that sigfox bandwidth is competitively higher in
comparison with its competitors and a wide range of coverage is also provided both in terms of
rural and urban context. Sigfox also enables small messaging services at defined packet sizes to
eliminate the underlying communication problem of locating the available resource to the need at
the right time. Not only so but the said technology in terms of cost is also much competitive (as
projected in picture below) on studying the proprietary (sigfox) products along with the
competitive products in the market. This is shown in the picture below.
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Figure 2: Smart parking products in market
Source: IoT Marketspace [9]
Not only so but to understand the architecture behind sigfox working it is better to get a grasp of
its network description, to show how sigfox is a simple, excellent choice of design for
applications without much frequent burst out of data because of its small packet transmissions
and incessant supply of data without any formal hiccups. Its simple network is now as shown in
Figure 3 below.
Figure 3: Sigfox Network
Source: IoTforall [9]
Sigfox being a proprietary technology product founded in 2009, is a French company based in
Labège, France. Having significant traction in the LPWAN and backing by its wide successful
campaigns on marketing across Europe- it was able to cover a large volume of ecosystem
vendors and recently, SigFox had made more intentions of tapping the European market as in line
with the consideration of US focused adopters. SigFox uses proprietary technology, an example
of using a slow modulation rate to achieve a more extended range. Due to this design choice,
SigFox is an excellent option for applications where the system only needs to send small,
infrequent bursts of data. [7]
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3. CRITICAL REVIEW OF SIGFOX TECHNOLOGY
The deployment of Sigfox technology in the realm of communication and IoT applications has
brought about both advantages and challenges. This innovative proprietary technology operates
on Ultra-Narrow Bandwidth (UNB) frequencies, allowing for long-range communication with
low power consumption. While Sigfox offers unique features such as Geo-location and a
cooperative model for radio transmissions, there are also limitations to consider, such as potential
delays in message delivery and packet losses. Understanding the pros and cons of Sigfox
technology is essential for stakeholders looking to leverage its capabilities effectively in various
applications, including smart parking and navigation systems.
3.1. Independent Opinion based on Qualitative Comparison and Argument
In the following [8]
1. Sigfox is a proprietary technology which operates on 868 MHz in Europe and on 902
MHz. Because it uses an Ultra-Narrow Bandwidth (UNB) large quantity of devices can
communicate up to 10-50kms radius on a low power consumption. As independently
argued based on an independent opinion this modulation technique which do have some
gaps noted. Because of the narrow bandwidth of the network thorough throughput cannot
be achieved at 100%, meaning the deliver of messages via the interface might take much
longer time as the equals only twelve bytes each in a device for daily limit.
2. Sigfox advises to use Sigfox Geo-location as a complementary method to other
positioning systems such as WiFi localization or GPS Based on the qualitative aspects
Sigfox uses Ultra-Narrow Bandwidth (UNB) variation, because of this for localization
timing methods may not be an appropriate option. Hence other many localization
methods have been researched. It is seen by some that Sigfox Geolocation is built on
probabilistic distance calculation. Because of this if a device receives is supposed to
receive a message then it could be of a possibility of transmission from three or for base
stations via triangulation in which the accuracy of the location information processed is
below 500 meters.
3.2. Sigfox Triangulation Highlights
Some of the architectural and the technical triangulation which makes the product or the long
range technology to stand out in terms of its competitors and their characteristics are as jotted
below for Sigfox. [12]
• Central LPWAN Gateway through which provides long range access with same accuracy
and reach of a short range CT.
• It also enables or imbibe cloud based service centre to enable the reach and scalability of the
services.
• With a cooperative model, the radio gateways or the base stations form the stronghold for
the sigfox transmissions
• This CT can be easily tapped via public cellular networks which enable easiness in operation
• It enables central and global authentication whereby there would be no requirements on
roaming
• The transparency of the network is enabled by the user friendly end device application
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3.3. Evidence of the Sigfox implementation
The implementation of Sigfox Technology in software and hardware applications for solving
parking problems in Berlin involves comprehensive and experimental architecture. The software
aspect includes developing algorithms for data analysis, prediction of parking availability, and
user interface design for real-time information dissemination to drivers. Hardware components
such as Sigfox-enabled sensors and gateways are deployed throughout the city to collect and
transmit data regarding parking space occupancy and availability. This data is then processed and
analyzed using Big Data analytics within a cloud-based architecture to optimize parking
management strategies and enhance user experience. Experimental tests and simulations are
conducted to assess the effectiveness and reliability of the system in addressing parking
challenges in Berlin, with a focus on improving efficiency, reducing traffic congestion, and
enhancing overall urban planning. Through this integrated approach, Sigfox Technology
demonstrates its potential to revolutionize smart parking solutions and contribute to the
development of smarter and more sustainable cities.
3.4. Sigfox-Pros & Cons
Advantages are:
1. Outdoor navigation system is implemented
2. Mobility of usage for drivers and agents through mobile devices
3. Usage of powerful sensors makes communication easy
4. This system is also valid for indoor parking techniques and strategies
5. Geo-location positioning system of Sigfox in competitiveness to GPS (Global positioning
System)
6. Cost competiveness is a huge up play for the CT as a product
7. Space management of spaces can be done in an effective way
8. Being a hybrid trending system with a wireless sensor
9. Enables mass parking via integration to cluster architecture
10. Star topology enables greater latency in connection and support the interactive
applications in the horizon
Disadvantages are:
1. Long range communication may have low data range which may slow down the data flow
rate
2. Because of presence of other signalling overheads there could be presence of other short
range multi pop ups packets which can hamper the flow of long range throughput
transmissions
3. LPWAN and its related technologies and its variants are known for the packet losses
4.Major smart cities and corresponding IoT devices face sporadic and intermittent
transmissions of data because of which continuous monitoring and metering of
applications could be a challenge.
4.EMERGING TECHNOLOGY TRENDS & ITS CHALLENGES
The emerging trend of our current problem which is in the question of smart parking solutions we
have dealt and discussed much on the availability and the characteristics and pros and cons of the
employing a long term technology in place to fix and find solutions to the impending parking
problems of the city. No time wasted in parking is time gained on constructive work by the
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drivers / users of the vehicle. The administration and the operation of the local municipality also
fixes and considered various options along the expanded time lines of past with the ever
increasing demands and coping with the trends of technology on a day to day basis. On these
lines if we see on how we can employ smart parking to the city like Berlin which has been truly
international in its operations and infrastructure. The puzzle to solve is quite tricky to the
authorities.
On contemplating large scale development the major city level implementation problems are
mobile sensing via short range communication or fixed site sensing for long range
communication. In long range communication for fixed parking sensors it requires censors to be
fixed physically in each parking space. To top it to enable sensors communicative technology
properly it should be harnessed with good connectivity, great infrastructures, internet gateways,
routers, repeaters etc. Operating conditions being so, the following are the cities around the world
which are in presence of Sigfox. Sigfox LPWAN is fully deployed and functional in the
European countries like France, Spain, Portugal, Netherlands, Luxemburg and Ireland. Its been
currently rolled out and tested in countries like Japan, Belgium, UK, Germany, Denmark, Czech,
Mauritius Island, Australia, New Zealand, Oman, Brazil, Italy, Malta, Singapore, Mexico and not
the least USA. The coverage of the technology has been so huge that it had catered to population
so far like 340 million people across the globe covering 1.3 million square kms. When seeing for
the maximum cell size, each is around like 50kms.
To make the parking mechanism easy it is required that parking prediction system should be
proper. There had been theories coined on this by some of the authors before. The demand of a
particular vehicle type in relation to the parking spots/ places and the corresponding time study is
what coined as parking prediction system. Through this the seeker of information makes sure
he/she gets the results of what type or space is required for small/ medium/ large sized cars or
vehicles in a particular locality of the city at a particular point of time in a peak working day.
There have been studies recoded on this to analyse the data flow and its requirements and match
it with the current availability or resource sourcing in other major cities of the world. This brings
out the parking stress or parking pain of a particular city/ location. Through these data and its
exploitation the data analytics plays a major role in the form of the big data gathered during the
flow of the day. The big data architecture and its built up module on monitoring helps to unveil
the on street parking masks for a particular location and time within seconds/ minutes. The mere
play around data and its manipulation and extraction techniques have been an emerging scope for
analytics and decision making specially amongst the governing municipal bodies of the
government. They get to know where the real issues are faced and at what time intervals. So this
helps them to manage human and land resources via space planning, infrastructure provision,
allocation of budgets, time space for completion and provision of temporary alternatives till then.
4.1. Challenges
According to [14] the propensity of the problem of the algorithms used in the management of
parking spaces plays an important and crucial role for the overall design management and
development of a effective fool proof and robust smart parking system. The large number of
algorithms used in their study were not too complex, but they were mostly of the sort of which
are easily executable and sortable at the server end of the operations of the system. This paves a
way for easy traffic loads among the interfaces and minimises the exhaustion of the sensors
involved in the work and do not cause overload to them. This also entails they not much or large
amount of energy is consumed so as to make sure the lifetime of the batteries are also with
adequacy in duration for long period of time [13].
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Energy efficiency is the greatest considerations in the self organised algorithms of the Sigfox
technology by the solid creation of a consistent topology to increase the longevity of the network
and energy consumption. This is ensured between different sensor nodes for increase in network
longevity. Sometimes the self-algorithms used in the sensors of the company (Sigfox) than the
one which are available in the existing ones of the market do not have much of a competitive
edge than compared to the existing market ones [15]. This does not allow the creation of a chain
topology for linear parking areas and a cluster topology for mass parking areas. It cannot be
structured according to the needs. Furtherance to the need to balance the load between the
different sensors and minimize the energy consumption during the transmission of data to obtain
a better energy efficiency management and increased the lifetime of the nodes is a primary
requirement which not all time provided by the customised products.
In order for a complex city operations, parking system or rather smart parking system should be
enabled or created with flexibility in topology networking with the existing system types based
on the services and needs of convenience of the drivers is a want of the hour. Though Sigfox
guarantees as an emerging technology to cater to the demands in terms of load balancing etc but
the self-algorithmic operations if not designed to meet the demands of the hour and architecture
of the city the product may have glitches to face to have and taste a win-win situation. Hence for
this systems technology with an adaptable wireless sensor network architecture provides a
flexibility and a suppleness in the deployment of smart parking systems that will be monotonous
in the design and implementation, and will also be standardized in the development of
applications and services for the different types and structures of existing car parks, bearing in
mind that this solution creates a solid basis for the development and improvement of these
systems in the future, as required [10].
5. IMPACT ANALYSIS AND FUTURE TRENDS
In the realm of smart parking solutions, the integration of existing technology like Big Data
analytics with emerging technologies such as Cloud Architecture has the potential to
revolutionize the efficiency and effectiveness of operations. Big Data analytics enable the
collection, segmentation, analysis, and interpretation of vast amounts of data related to parking
spaces, allowing for accurate predictions of parking availability and optimization of urban
development factors. On the other hand, Cloud Architecture provides a scalable and flexible
solution for storing and managing large volumes of data in a centralized manner, offering
benefits such as enhanced collaboration, mobility, data security, and cost efficiency. The impact
of integrating Cloud Architecture with Big Data analytics within the framework of Sigfox
communication technology holds the promise of not only enhancing smart parking solutions but
also streamlining storage and dissemination of valuable information for users. This synergy
between existing and emerging technologies presents new possibilities for improved functionality
and user experience in the realm of smart parking systems.
A) Existing Technology of SigFox Communication Technology- Data analysis/ Big Data:
“Since cities own parking spaces’ spatiotemporal information, studying data characteristics
is essential to improve system efficiency and parking policy.” [1]
The very first purpose of any parking mechanisms solution finding is a vacancy prediction in
the space available. This can be jotted or toiled from the data collected so that it simplifies
the life of the drivers and make them information available and understandable. Not only
availability of data through data analytics is made but service/ data dissemination to various
parking lots and its drivers is spread out. Generally parking is related to that problem where
matching of the land use, traffic of motors/cars, city revenues and the population flow are
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done in tandem. The statistics on parking data will be able to indicate key factors for urban
development from technical, economical and environmental perspectives.
Through the data gathered and analytics done with each locality and its traffic for given
different times of the data, the quantum and volume of data gathered by the civic authorities
is a quite a Big Data-Existing Technology. The Big Data gives a hotbed for parking meter
suppliers and data scientists to predict parking availability without installing physical
sensors. Some machine learning algorithms have aimed at improving matching time and
accuracy. However, we do not have an idea yet which algorithm is the best for geo-localized
data and service. [3]
B) Emerging Technology of Sigfox Communication Technology- Cloud Architecture
In todays world the internet plays a key role in all aspects of life operations. Hnce not to
leave the space of parking for which we are searching for free spaces solutions. Internet does
have a solution for this here too. With the constant large volumes of data pooling in every
day, jam of data, collection, segregation and storage could be be the greatest problem. The
cloud software which today integrates with anything and everything also can access the
smartphone apps, e-commerce data, massive traffic signals and social media too. Concerning
smart parking, networks are full of data, interests, and e-parkings. These different kinds of
data are called data packets in and though which both parking and the interest of the
individual/driver on the specified requested area of parking is made known. Some
frameworks or architectures for the integration of different technologies and software
packages are much available with the service providers of cloud architecture to enable
smooth flow of operations and data. Most of them are cloudifying the system for the future
Internet of everything. Such kind of network shall be capable of matching different interests
to the most appropriate data, that is, the future data network. [6]
This being implemented in the current market scenario is noted in well-known apps like
Uber, Airbnb. They guide the users according to the interest and requested information and
satisfy their need. Smart parking integration and regulation with data matching, individual
interest adoption and app operations with information storage still in development than in pro
stage of operation. This is studied based on the inputs gathered from the various sources.
C) Efficient Measurement Parameters for Experimental Analysis of Sigfox
Efficient measurement parameters play a crucial role in the experimental analysis of Sigfox
technology, especially in applications such as stocking movement approaches in smart
parking systems. Some key measurement parameters that can be utilized for experimental
analysis include signal strength, data transmission latency, packet loss rate, and energy
consumption of Sigfox-enabled devices. These parameters help in assessing the performance,
reliability, and efficiency of the Sigfox communication network in real-world scenarios.
For example, in a stocking movement approach for smart parking, the signal strength
parameter can help determine the coverage and reach of the Sigfox network within a specific
parking area. Data transmission latency measurements can provide insights into the speed at
which parking availability information is communicated to drivers, enabling them to make
informed decisions quickly. Monitoring packet loss rates can indicate the network's stability
and reliability in transmitting data without errors or interruptions. Additionally, assessing the
energy consumption of Sigfox devices is essential for optimizing battery life and ensuring
continuous operation. [8]
To illustrate, sample datasets of records in the Sigfox application for car parking
experimental analysis may include timestamps of parking space occupancy status, vehicle ID
information, and location coordinates. These datasets can be collected from Sigfox-enabled
sensors installed in parking lots, recording when a vehicle enters or exits a parking space. By
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analyzing these datasets, researchers can evaluate the effectiveness of the approach in much
better way.
D) Impact of Emerging Technology (Cloud) on the Existing Technology (Bid Data) in
terms of Sigfox operations
In order to answer this question we would have to see what means big data in terms of smart
parking. It means data pooling, data segregation, data analysing and data sorting. Any data
gathered is just a dump until it gets sorted to form as an information. Without the above
procedures being followed data gathered is not an information. Once the information is
processed the next of usage by the nodes and transmitters of the Sigfox system for
enablement of usage of information by the users. Once the users get hold of the required
information the balance used, processed and in usage information should simultaneously get
stored somewhere for references and go back mechanisms on requirement. With the density
of the city and the volume of operations and information no city can provide heavy manual
servers to store the information. Hence comes in handy the high tech todays’ solution-the
cloud architecture. Some of the benefits of using cloud are:
Control over users and permission can be centralised
High tech collaboration can be done
Enhance your team's mobility
Back up and recover lost/stolen files with ease
Directory integration between systems
Free up costs and save storage space
Cost efficacy like pay per use
Ensure data security with ease and escrow contracts
Protect the content of your files with end-to-end encryption
Boost your compliance
So by engaging the emerging technology into the existing technology for Sigfox communication
technology the purpose of finding solutions of not only in terms of smart parking is met but also
in terms of smart storage and dissemination of information is served.
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper we have known through our comparative study of LPWAN technologies and its
advancement in various types through the options of Sigfox, LoRAWAN, Weightless. These
were the highly popular long range communication techniques in market of this Sigfox was
selected as an option to find answers to the Berlin city parking problems. The challenges of the
city parking in terms of space allocation, cost variance and implementation techniques with the
required infrastructure were studied in detail in the previous sections.
On studying the Sigfox application as a smart parking solution the main approach behind this was
to enable cost effective long range unhampered method of communication. Sigfox being a
competitive product in the market now for about a decade and had been successfully
implemented in various European countries as the same smart parking solution, had now gathered
momentum in Germany too.
Not only so in terms of efficacy of its operations and pros and cons of the system were discussed
but It also got mapped along with the emerging technology like Cloud with the existing
technology like Big data analytics and see where Sigfox as a communication technology stand in
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this whole realm. So on studying the technology in detail the following are given as
recommendation for the paper concluding.
The insights gathered by this study can help in seriously considering Sigfox as an option for
implementation for the main reasons like simplicity, cost, long range coverage and low power
consumption than in comparison with the other competitive technologies. But it doesn’t absolve
that there is no gaps, yes there are gaps like on how to manage the packet filtration traffics
without hampering short range transmissions and how the geo locationing be made in par with
the current GPS techniques and all at a least competitive model are the areas of further research
in this topic.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank everyone, just everyone!
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(DOI) https://doi.org/10.37256/ccds.4220233292
[14] Trista Lin, Hervé Rivano, Frédéric Le Mouël, 2017. A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions. IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 18 (12), pp. 3229-
3253.<10.1109/TITS.2017.2685143>. <hal-01501556>
13. Computer Science & Engineering: An International Journal (CSEIJ), Vol 14, No 2, April 2024
13
[15] Video, 2017. Let’s talk IoT – Sigfox in a nutshell [online] Available from :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZOtf7bGuGvc
[16] Video, 2018. Webinar — LPWA landscape: Differences between Sigfox, LoRa and NB-loT
[online] Available from : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqHOyQK6jJ8
AUTHORS
Dr Rachel John Robinson is a Cybersecurity strategist and IT management
specialist, currently a university researcher after the corporate foray for about a
decade. She actively pursues research through continuous learning and development
with number of papers, books, conferences and publications as her contributions.
Being an active researcher, her main hobbies revolve around knowledge
empowerment through writing and reading.