This document describes the Frankel appliance, a type of removable functional orthodontic appliance developed in the 1950s. It summarizes the four main types of Frankel appliances (FR I-IV) and their indications. The key components and mechanisms of action of the FR I appliance are described in detail, including its acrylic parts (buccal shields, labial pads, lingual shield) and how they work to correct muscle posture and spatial disorders through forces on the periosteum.
1) Oral habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting and mouth breathing can cause malocclusion if performed repeatedly over long periods of time.
2) Habits exert pressure on developing teeth and jaws, potentially causing spacing, crowding, open bites or cross bites.
3) Treatment involves identifying the habit, counseling parents and patients, using reminders or appliances to encourage adoption of healthy oral behaviors, and correcting any resulting malocclusion. Managing habits at a young age can prevent long-term dental issues.
Orthodontic diagnostic procedures part 1Maher Fouda
The document discusses orthodontic diagnostic procedures, beginning with taking a case history that includes family history and patient history. The clinical examination is then described, which forms the basis of the diagnosis. The general examination evaluates constitution, physique, height, weight and development. Specific examination includes dental age, growth patterns from hand radiographs, and extraoral and intraoral soft tissue examination. Interpreting the case history and clinical findings provides clues about the cause of malocclusion and influences treatment planning.
Eccentric movements of mandibular movements/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Influence of Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth MovementMahmoud Shaheen
This document summarizes the effects of various medications on orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses how analgesics like NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and can slow tooth movement. Corticosteroids increase bone resorption and can accelerate movement. Bisphosphonates, fluorides, estrogens, and androgens inhibit osteoclast activity and bone resorption, potentially delaying movement. Thyroid hormones and vitamin D may increase tooth movement by stimulating osteoclasts. Anti-convulsants can induce gingival issues complicating treatment. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for orthodontists to be aware of how medications can influence treatment outcomes and discuss potential complications with patients.
El sistema Empower ofrece brackets metálicos, estéticos y tubos molares reconvertibles con opciones interactivas, pasivas o de activación dual. Proporciona versatilidad en el diseño del tratamiento para adaptarse a las necesidades individuales del paciente con opciones de prescripción y torque.
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
This document presents a case report for a 35-year-old female patient who presented with a gap between her central and lateral incisors. On examination, the patient was found to have spacing between several of her maxillary anterior teeth. The diagnosis was determined to be a midline diastema caused by tooth and arch size discrepancy. The proposed treatment plan was to close the gaps using direct composite restoration with enamel and dentine shades. The restorations were placed after quadrant isolation and shade selection. Upon completion, the midline gap and some lateral spacing were corrected, though the incisors appeared more prominent than before and the normal tooth shape was not fully achieved.
This document describes the Frankel appliance, a type of removable functional orthodontic appliance developed in the 1950s. It summarizes the four main types of Frankel appliances (FR I-IV) and their indications. The key components and mechanisms of action of the FR I appliance are described in detail, including its acrylic parts (buccal shields, labial pads, lingual shield) and how they work to correct muscle posture and spatial disorders through forces on the periosteum.
1) Oral habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting and mouth breathing can cause malocclusion if performed repeatedly over long periods of time.
2) Habits exert pressure on developing teeth and jaws, potentially causing spacing, crowding, open bites or cross bites.
3) Treatment involves identifying the habit, counseling parents and patients, using reminders or appliances to encourage adoption of healthy oral behaviors, and correcting any resulting malocclusion. Managing habits at a young age can prevent long-term dental issues.
Orthodontic diagnostic procedures part 1Maher Fouda
The document discusses orthodontic diagnostic procedures, beginning with taking a case history that includes family history and patient history. The clinical examination is then described, which forms the basis of the diagnosis. The general examination evaluates constitution, physique, height, weight and development. Specific examination includes dental age, growth patterns from hand radiographs, and extraoral and intraoral soft tissue examination. Interpreting the case history and clinical findings provides clues about the cause of malocclusion and influences treatment planning.
Eccentric movements of mandibular movements/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Influence of Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth MovementMahmoud Shaheen
This document summarizes the effects of various medications on orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses how analgesics like NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and can slow tooth movement. Corticosteroids increase bone resorption and can accelerate movement. Bisphosphonates, fluorides, estrogens, and androgens inhibit osteoclast activity and bone resorption, potentially delaying movement. Thyroid hormones and vitamin D may increase tooth movement by stimulating osteoclasts. Anti-convulsants can induce gingival issues complicating treatment. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for orthodontists to be aware of how medications can influence treatment outcomes and discuss potential complications with patients.
El sistema Empower ofrece brackets metálicos, estéticos y tubos molares reconvertibles con opciones interactivas, pasivas o de activación dual. Proporciona versatilidad en el diseño del tratamiento para adaptarse a las necesidades individuales del paciente con opciones de prescripción y torque.
This document discusses the etiology of malocclusion. It states that malocclusion results from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The etiology can be classified as general factors, local factors, or skeletal and soft tissue factors. General factors include hereditary traits, congenital defects, environmental influences, and habits. Local factors relate to abnormalities in tooth number, size, shape, eruption, and dental caries. Understanding the etiology is important for developing an effective treatment plan and preventing future relapse.
This document presents a case report for a 35-year-old female patient who presented with a gap between her central and lateral incisors. On examination, the patient was found to have spacing between several of her maxillary anterior teeth. The diagnosis was determined to be a midline diastema caused by tooth and arch size discrepancy. The proposed treatment plan was to close the gaps using direct composite restoration with enamel and dentine shades. The restorations were placed after quadrant isolation and shade selection. Upon completion, the midline gap and some lateral spacing were corrected, though the incisors appeared more prominent than before and the normal tooth shape was not fully achieved.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the influence of various functional factors on orofacial development, including respiration, tongue posture and function, chewing, swallowing, speech and oral habits. Mouth breathing is associated with increased facial height and mandibular plane angle. Tongue thrusting can cause spacing and proclination of the anterior teeth. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, tests to assess breathing mode, and sometimes cephalometric or rhinomanometric analysis. Treatment may involve addressing nasal obstructions surgically and using orthodontic appliances to correct malocclusions and discourage abnormal oral functions.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development basic concepts /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
This document discusses concepts related to growth and development. It defines growth, development, and differentiation according to various scholars. It also describes the fields that study growth and development, including molecular biology, developmental biology, developmental oral biology, physical growth, and behavioral development. The document further discusses growth patterns, variability, timing, and factors that influence physical growth such as heredity, nutrition, illness, race, climate, socioeconomic status, and psychological disturbance. Methods for gathering and evaluating growth data are also outlined.
This document discusses various nerve block techniques used in dentistry. It describes the areas anesthetized, indications, contraindications, landmarks, and complications for different types of nerve blocks including:
- Maxillary nerve blocks (supraperiosteal, posterior superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar)
- Palatal nerve blocks (greater palatine, nasopalatine)
- Mandibular nerve blocks (inferior alveolar, Gow-Gates, mental, lingual)
- Extraoral techniques for maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks
It also defines complications of local anesthesia as any deviation from the normal expected outcome, classifying them as local, systemic,
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses orthodontic diagnosis and the essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used. It describes the key components of clinical examination including case history, medical history, dental history, and physical examination of the head, face, lips, nose, and chin. Clinical examination aims to evaluate oral health and function, identify the nature of malocclusions, and determine which diagnostic records are needed for diagnosis and treatment planning.
The document discusses the development of dentition from prenatal stages through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary stages of teeth, prenatal development including initiation, bud, cap and bell stages. Tooth eruption mechanisms and theories are explained. The phases of occlusion development are described for the pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition periods. Transient malocclusions and Andrews six keys of occlusion are briefly introduced.
Major maxillary connectors are components of partial dentures that connect parts of the prosthesis on one side of the dental arch to the other. There are six basic types of major maxillary connectors: single palatal bar, single palatal strap, U-shaped palatal connector, anterior-posterior palatal bar, combination anterior and posterior palatal strap-type connector, and palatal plate-type connector. Each type has specific indications for use and contraindications depending on the dental situation and needs of the patient.
Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty are periodontal surgical procedures. Gingivectomy involves removing pocket walls and eliminating supra-bony pockets. It has advantages of being technically simple and completely eliminating supra-bony pockets, but disadvantages include very limited indications, gross wounds, and potential for exposing bone. Gingivoplasty surgically reshapes gingiva and is used for thick gingival margins, gingival clefts, or unsatisfactory contours after gingivectomy. Both procedures involve incisions, removal of granulation tissue and calculus, and placement of periodontal dressing to aid healing.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental extracting forceps and Elevators catalogueEco Surgical
Eco Surgical Corporation Manufacturers Of Surgical And Dental Instruments. We Have A Wide Range Of Extracting Forceps, Orthodontics Pliers, Elevators, Scalers And Probes, Rubber Dam Instruments & Clamps And Many More . Also We Have Extracting Forceps Kits And Scaler Trays. Our Products Made With Best Of Quality And Material And Workmanship. Visit Our Website And Explore Our Products Feel Free To Contact Us For Any Query And Question.
www.ecosurgical.com
AGE FACTORS IN ORTHODONTICS
An important consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the age of the patient. In addition age factors influence the treatment mechanics and prognosis.
There are certain features which are normal to a child, however if present in an adult would constitute malocclusion. These malocclusions need no treatment at that age as they get corrected automatically as the age advances.
The chronological age may sometimes be misleading and may not reflect the exact growth status. Thus skeletal and dental ages of the patient should be ascertained for a more accurate diagnosis.
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of tooth crowns, including elevations and depressions. It aims to define lobes, tubercles, ridges, grooves, fossae, and sulci. Specifically, it provides detailed descriptions and classifications of each landmark, such as the three types of lobes (mamelons, cingulum, cusps), their locations on teeth, and developmental origins. Overall, the document serves to teach dental anatomy by identifying and explaining the various normal structures found on tooth crowns.
This document outlines the diagnostic aids and procedures used in orthodontic diagnosis. It discusses essential diagnostic aids such as case history, clinical examination, study models, lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs. Supplemental diagnostic aids include specialized radiographs, electromyography and endocrine tests. The clinical examination procedures examine the patient's head, face, dentition, muscles, joints and functions like respiration and swallowing to evaluate orthodontic issues. Study models and different types of radiographs are used to further assess malocclusions and aid in treatment planning.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the influence of various functional factors on orofacial development, including respiration, tongue posture and function, chewing, swallowing, speech and oral habits. Mouth breathing is associated with increased facial height and mandibular plane angle. Tongue thrusting can cause spacing and proclination of the anterior teeth. Diagnosis involves clinical examination, tests to assess breathing mode, and sometimes cephalometric or rhinomanometric analysis. Treatment may involve addressing nasal obstructions surgically and using orthodontic appliances to correct malocclusions and discourage abnormal oral functions.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development basic concepts /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
This document discusses concepts related to growth and development. It defines growth, development, and differentiation according to various scholars. It also describes the fields that study growth and development, including molecular biology, developmental biology, developmental oral biology, physical growth, and behavioral development. The document further discusses growth patterns, variability, timing, and factors that influence physical growth such as heredity, nutrition, illness, race, climate, socioeconomic status, and psychological disturbance. Methods for gathering and evaluating growth data are also outlined.
This document discusses various nerve block techniques used in dentistry. It describes the areas anesthetized, indications, contraindications, landmarks, and complications for different types of nerve blocks including:
- Maxillary nerve blocks (supraperiosteal, posterior superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar)
- Palatal nerve blocks (greater palatine, nasopalatine)
- Mandibular nerve blocks (inferior alveolar, Gow-Gates, mental, lingual)
- Extraoral techniques for maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks
It also defines complications of local anesthesia as any deviation from the normal expected outcome, classifying them as local, systemic,
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses orthodontic diagnosis and the essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used. It describes the key components of clinical examination including case history, medical history, dental history, and physical examination of the head, face, lips, nose, and chin. Clinical examination aims to evaluate oral health and function, identify the nature of malocclusions, and determine which diagnostic records are needed for diagnosis and treatment planning.
The document discusses the development of dentition from prenatal stages through adulthood. It covers the evolutionary stages of teeth, prenatal development including initiation, bud, cap and bell stages. Tooth eruption mechanisms and theories are explained. The phases of occlusion development are described for the pre-dental, deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition periods. Transient malocclusions and Andrews six keys of occlusion are briefly introduced.
Major maxillary connectors are components of partial dentures that connect parts of the prosthesis on one side of the dental arch to the other. There are six basic types of major maxillary connectors: single palatal bar, single palatal strap, U-shaped palatal connector, anterior-posterior palatal bar, combination anterior and posterior palatal strap-type connector, and palatal plate-type connector. Each type has specific indications for use and contraindications depending on the dental situation and needs of the patient.
Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty are periodontal surgical procedures. Gingivectomy involves removing pocket walls and eliminating supra-bony pockets. It has advantages of being technically simple and completely eliminating supra-bony pockets, but disadvantages include very limited indications, gross wounds, and potential for exposing bone. Gingivoplasty surgically reshapes gingiva and is used for thick gingival margins, gingival clefts, or unsatisfactory contours after gingivectomy. Both procedures involve incisions, removal of granulation tissue and calculus, and placement of periodontal dressing to aid healing.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Extra oral examination /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Dental extracting forceps and Elevators catalogueEco Surgical
Eco Surgical Corporation Manufacturers Of Surgical And Dental Instruments. We Have A Wide Range Of Extracting Forceps, Orthodontics Pliers, Elevators, Scalers And Probes, Rubber Dam Instruments & Clamps And Many More . Also We Have Extracting Forceps Kits And Scaler Trays. Our Products Made With Best Of Quality And Material And Workmanship. Visit Our Website And Explore Our Products Feel Free To Contact Us For Any Query And Question.
www.ecosurgical.com
AGE FACTORS IN ORTHODONTICS
An important consideration in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is the age of the patient. In addition age factors influence the treatment mechanics and prognosis.
There are certain features which are normal to a child, however if present in an adult would constitute malocclusion. These malocclusions need no treatment at that age as they get corrected automatically as the age advances.
The chronological age may sometimes be misleading and may not reflect the exact growth status. Thus skeletal and dental ages of the patient should be ascertained for a more accurate diagnosis.
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of tooth crowns, including elevations and depressions. It aims to define lobes, tubercles, ridges, grooves, fossae, and sulci. Specifically, it provides detailed descriptions and classifications of each landmark, such as the three types of lobes (mamelons, cingulum, cusps), their locations on teeth, and developmental origins. Overall, the document serves to teach dental anatomy by identifying and explaining the various normal structures found on tooth crowns.
This document outlines the diagnostic aids and procedures used in orthodontic diagnosis. It discusses essential diagnostic aids such as case history, clinical examination, study models, lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs. Supplemental diagnostic aids include specialized radiographs, electromyography and endocrine tests. The clinical examination procedures examine the patient's head, face, dentition, muscles, joints and functions like respiration and swallowing to evaluate orthodontic issues. Study models and different types of radiographs are used to further assess malocclusions and aid in treatment planning.
2. Inventar
= Liste aller Vermögenswerte/Schulden eines
Unternehmers
- § 240 HGB i.V.m. §§ 140, 141 AO verpflichtet jeden
Kaufmann dazu
- bei: Beginn/Ende der kaufm. Tätigkeit
Übernahme eines Unternehmens
Abschluss jedes Geschäftsjahres
3. Inventar und Bilanz
- Inventar erfasst einzelne Sachwerte, die in
der Bilanz zu Bilanzposten
zusammengefasst werden
- bei Abweichungen von Soll- und
Istbeständen fließt Differenz in Gewinn- und
Verlustrechnung mitein
4. Inventur
= der Vorgang, durch Zählen, Wiegen,
Messen eine Bestandsaufnahme zu erstellen
- durch die Inventur entsteht das Inventar!
5. Inventurarten
Stichtagsinventur: wird an einem bestimmten Tag durchgeführt
(meistens Jahresabschluss)
Verlegte Inventur: letzten drei Monate vor dem Bilanzstichtag
Permanente Inventur: wird einmal im Jahr in einem beliebigen
Zeitraum durchgeführt
Stichprobeninventur: Bestand wird nach Art, Menge und Wert
ermittelt
6. Differenzen bei der Inventur
- bei Differenzen müssen die Buchstände
angepasst werden
- falsche Kommissionierung, Diebstahl oder
fehlerhafte Buchführung können Gründe
sein
7. Zusammenfassung
- ein Inventar ist die Liste aller Vermögenswerte und Schulden
- die dort aufgelisteten Sachwerte werden in der Bilanz zu Bilanzposten
zusammengefassst
- es gibt verschieden Arten der Inventur
- bei Differenzen müssen Buchstände angepasst werden
Weiter Infos unter: www.bwl-wissen.net/definition/inventar
www.bwl-wissen.net/definition/inventur