Microorganisms are the minute living bodies not visible to the naked eyes.Example: Bacteria, Yeast, Amoeba etc Microbiology is the specific branch of ‘biology’ that deals with the elaborated investigation of ‘small organisms’ termed as microbes or Microorganisms. In simple words, Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Bacteria Example: Anthrax Bacilli, Esch. Coli Fungi - .Example: Yeast, Mushrooms, Pencillium Algae Example: Diatoms Protozoan Example : Malaria parasite  Viruses - Example:HIV,Chicken pox  Worms – Example: Round worm, Pin worm  PPT prepared by : DR.C.P.PRINCE

1. DR. PRINCE C P
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN MICROBIOLOGY
MTPG&RIHS
9345413279
cpprincepni@gmail.com

2.  Microorganisms are the minute living bodies
not visible to the naked eyes.
Example: Bacteria, Yeast, Amoeba etc

3.  Microbiology is the specific branch of
‘biology’ that deals with the elaborated
investigation of ‘small organisms’ termed as
microbes or Microorganisms.
 In simple words, Microbiology is the study of
microorganisms.

4.  Microorganisms are distributed abundantly
both in the living bodies of plants and
animals and also in the air, water, soil, and in
sea.

5.  Bacteria Example: Anthrax Bacilli, Esch. Coli
 Fungi - .Example: Yeast, Mushrooms,
Pencillium
 Algae Example: Diatoms
 Protozoan Example : Malaria parasite
 Viruses - Example:HIV,Chicken pox
 Worms – Example: Round worm, Pin worm

6. 1. Bacteriology – study of bacteria
2. Mycology – study of fungi
3. Phycology - study of algae
4. Protozoology – study of protozoa
5. Virology - study of viruses
6. Parasitology – study of parasites

7.  The overall preservation and preparation of food, food-
prone diseases, and their ultimate prevention.
 Making of beer, wine, and a variety of alcoholic beverages
e.g., whisky, brandy, rum, gin, vodka. etc.
 To help in the exploration of life in the outer space.
 Making of cheese, yogurt.

8. In the study of coal, mineral deposits, and gas
formation. Identification of the deposits of gas and
oil, coal, and recovery of minerals from low-grade
ores.
Making of ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid,
glucose syrup, high-fructose syrup.
In the maintenance of a good farm land by keeping
and sustaining a reasonable and regular presence
of microbes in it.

9. In the diagnosis and identification of causative
agents of various human ailments, and
subsequent preventive measures.
Making of life-saving drugs, ‘antibiotics’ e.g.,
penicillins, ampicillin, chloramphenicol,
ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines, streptomycin.
Treatment of domestic and industrial effluents
or wastes

10.  1. Microorganisms causing a large number of
infections :The apparently disadvantageous and
detrimental manner whereby the microorganisms
may exhibit their effects are, namely : disease-
producing organisms commonly called as GERMS
viz., typhus fever caused by Rickettsia
prowazekii, malaria caused by Plasmodium
falciparum
 2. food-spoilage and deteriorate materials like
optical lenses (in microscopes and
spectrophotometers), iron-pipes, and wood
filings.

11. Microbes are everywhere in the biosphere, and
their presence invariably affects the environment
that they are growing in. The effects of
microorganisms on their environment can be
beneficial or harmful.
The beneficial effects of microbes derive from their
metabolic activities in the environment, their
associations with plants and animals, and from
their use in food production and biotechnological
processes.

12.  results in the breakdown of complex organic
materials to forms of carbon that can be used by
other organisms. There is no naturally-occurring
organic compound that cannot me degraded by
some microbe, although some synthetic
compounds such as teflon, styrofoam, plastics,
insecticides and pesticides are broken down
slowly or not at all. Through the metabolic
processes of fermentation and respiration,
organic molecules are eventually broken down to
CO2 which is returned to the atmosphere.

13.  is a process found only in some bacteria
which removes N2from the atmosphere and
converts it to ammonia (NH3), for use by
plants and animals. Nitrogen fixation also
results in replenishment of soil nitrogen
removed by agricultural processes. Some
bacteria fix nitrogen in symbiotic associations
in plants. Other Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are
free-living in soil and aquatic habitats.

14. occurs in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. It is
the type of photosynthesis that results in the
production of O2 in the atmosphere. At least 50
percent of the O2 on earth is produced by
photosynthetic microorganisms (algae and
cyanobacteria), and for at least a billion years
before plants evolved, microbes were the only
organisms producing O2 on earth. O2 is required
by many types of organisms, including animals,
in their respiratory processes.

15.  The mutualistic association between nitrogen
fixing bacteria and leguminous plants.
Nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria colonized
on the root hairs of clover plants.
 Nodules containing Rhizobium bacteria on
the plant roots. In the nodule, the bacteria fix
nitrogen which they share with the plant. In
exchange, the plant supplies the bacteria with
a source of carbon and energy for growth

16.  Primary production involves photosynthetic
organisms which take up CO2 in the atmosphere
and convert it to organic (cellular) material. The
process is also called CO2 fixation, and it
accounts for a very large portion of organic
carbon available for synthesis of cell material.
Although terrestrial plants are obviously primary
producers, planktonic algae
and cyanobacteria account for nearly half of the
primary production on the planet. These
unicellular organisms which float in the ocean are
the "grass of the sea", and they are the source of
carbon from which marine life is derived.

17.  The microbes that normally live in associations with
humans on the various surfaces of the body (called
the normal flora), such as Lactobacillus and
Bifidobacterium, are known to protect their hosts
from infections, and otherwise promote nutrition and
health.
Lactobacillus acidophilus and a vaginal squamous
epithelial cell. It colonizes the vagina during child-
bearing years. As a lactic acid bacterium, the
organism creates a low pH (acidic environment) on
the tissues which prevents colonization by potentially
harmful yeast and other bacteria.

19.  Dutch tradesman and scientist from Delft, the
Netherlands.
 He is commonly known as "the Father of
Microbiology", and considered to be the first
microbiologist.
 He is best known for his work on the
improvement of the microscope and for his
contributions towards the establishment of
microbiology.
 Using his handcrafted microscopes he was the
first to observe and describe single celled
organisms, which he originally referred to as
animalcules, and which we now refer to as
microorganisms.

21.  A French scientist
 Microbiologist (Father of medical microbiology)
 He is known for his remarkable discoveries in the causes
and prevention of disease.
 His experiments supported the germ theory of disease.
 Pasteur's research also showed that the growth of
microorganisms was responsible for spoiling beverages,
such as beer, wine and milk.
 He was best known to the general public for inventing a
method to stop milk and wine from causing sickness - this
process came to be called Pasteurization.
 Pasteur produced the first vaccine for rabies by growing
the virus in rabbits and then weakening it by drying the
affected nerve tissue.

23.  He was German Physician.
 He became one of the founders of Bacteriology
 He became famous for isolating Bacillus
anthracis, the Tuberculosis bacillus and the
Vibrio cholera and for his development of Koch's
postulates.
 He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for
Medicine for his tuberculosis findings in
1905.tuberculosis is sometimes called as ‘Koch
disease’.
