This document discusses the impacts of global warming on biodiversity and ecosystems. It notes that rising temperatures can cause habitat loss and fragmentation for species. Many species will shift to higher latitudes or elevations as temperatures change, disrupting ecosystems. This loss of habitats and shifting of species distributions can lead to reduced biodiversity as some species face extinction. Altered ecosystems may not provide the same services, like pollination or carbon sequestration. Overall, global warming increases the risk of species extinction as many cannot adapt quickly enough to rapid climate change.
2,3 Greenhouse gases, global scenario, green house effectt and global warming...Neeraj Ojha
As far as Nepalese people are concerned, they are very bad in their food habits. Disease like ulcer and diabetes are rampant along Nepalese people. Moreover, there are areas in the country where there is a severe malnutrition.
Factors influencing food habits
•Individual Preferences
Every individual has unique likes and dislikes concerning foods.
•Cultural Influences
A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors.
•Social Influences
Members of asocial group depend on each other, share a common culture, and influence each other's behaviors and values.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that warms the Earth's surface through greenhouse gases, but human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels and exacerbated the effect. This has led to increased global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. The future effects of climate change if warming continues include worse droughts and hurricanes, species extinction, reduced crop yields, and risks to infrastructure and habitats from sea level rise. Solutions proposed to address global warming include reducing fossil fuel use, improving efficiency, planting trees, and transitioning to renewable energy.
Global warming is caused by both natural phenomena and human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing Earth's average surface temperature to increase. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human sources of these gases include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, farming, industrial processes, and landfills. Impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns and precipitation, ocean acidification, and more frequent extreme weather events. Glaciers and ice sheets are also melting, which threatens many animal populations and ecosystems.
This document discusses climate change, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It outlines that climate change is a long-term change in temperature, precipitation and wind patterns ranging from decades to millions of years. It identifies both natural factors like volcanic eruptions and human activities like deforestation and fossil fuel emissions as causes. Effects of climate change mentioned include rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and melting Arctic ice, as well as loss of wildlife species. Solutions proposed are improving public transportation, increasing efficiency and use of electric vehicles, reducing deforestation, and upgrading infrastructure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It defines the greenhouse effect as the trapping of the sun's heat by certain gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide. These gases allow visible light to pass through but absorb infrared light radiated from the Earth, causing the surface temperature to rise. The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and halogen gases. The largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions are fossil fuel burning in power plants, factories, vehicles, and deforestation. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, worsening health effects, climate change disruption, and threats to ecosystems, agriculture, and biodiversity. Affluent countries are responsible for the majority of historical greenhouse gas emissions
Climate change is caused by both natural factors like ocean currents and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This is leading to effects like rising sea levels and ocean acidification that threaten wildlife and ecosystems. New studies show species are struggling to adapt to changes in climate patterns. Solutions involve transitioning to renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and reducing emissions across sectors like energy production, transportation, and agriculture through efforts by governments and individuals.
Climate change is caused by both natural factors like ocean currents and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This is leading to effects like rising sea levels and ocean acidification that threaten wildlife and ecosystems. New studies show species are unable to adapt to the rapid pace of climate change and oceans are warming to unprecedented depths. Solutions include transitioning to renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and reducing emissions across sectors like energy production, transportation, and agriculture through individual and global cooperation efforts.
Over millions of years, species become adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. A stable climate supports this process and allows living things to thrive. If the climate changes quickly, organisms don’t have enough time to adapt to new conditions and may no longer be able to survive.
2,3 Greenhouse gases, global scenario, green house effectt and global warming...Neeraj Ojha
As far as Nepalese people are concerned, they are very bad in their food habits. Disease like ulcer and diabetes are rampant along Nepalese people. Moreover, there are areas in the country where there is a severe malnutrition.
Factors influencing food habits
•Individual Preferences
Every individual has unique likes and dislikes concerning foods.
•Cultural Influences
A cultural group provides guidelines regarding acceptable foods, food combinations, eating patterns, and eating behaviors.
•Social Influences
Members of asocial group depend on each other, share a common culture, and influence each other's behaviors and values.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that warms the Earth's surface through greenhouse gases, but human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels and exacerbated the effect. This has led to increased global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. The future effects of climate change if warming continues include worse droughts and hurricanes, species extinction, reduced crop yields, and risks to infrastructure and habitats from sea level rise. Solutions proposed to address global warming include reducing fossil fuel use, improving efficiency, planting trees, and transitioning to renewable energy.
Global warming is caused by both natural phenomena and human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing Earth's average surface temperature to increase. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human sources of these gases include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, farming, industrial processes, and landfills. Impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns and precipitation, ocean acidification, and more frequent extreme weather events. Glaciers and ice sheets are also melting, which threatens many animal populations and ecosystems.
This document discusses climate change, its causes, effects, and potential solutions. It outlines that climate change is a long-term change in temperature, precipitation and wind patterns ranging from decades to millions of years. It identifies both natural factors like volcanic eruptions and human activities like deforestation and fossil fuel emissions as causes. Effects of climate change mentioned include rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, rising sea levels and melting Arctic ice, as well as loss of wildlife species. Solutions proposed are improving public transportation, increasing efficiency and use of electric vehicles, reducing deforestation, and upgrading infrastructure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It defines the greenhouse effect as the trapping of the sun's heat by certain gases in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide. These gases allow visible light to pass through but absorb infrared light radiated from the Earth, causing the surface temperature to rise. The major greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and halogen gases. The largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions are fossil fuel burning in power plants, factories, vehicles, and deforestation. The consequences of global warming include rising sea levels, worsening health effects, climate change disruption, and threats to ecosystems, agriculture, and biodiversity. Affluent countries are responsible for the majority of historical greenhouse gas emissions
Climate change is caused by both natural factors like ocean currents and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This is leading to effects like rising sea levels and ocean acidification that threaten wildlife and ecosystems. New studies show species are struggling to adapt to changes in climate patterns. Solutions involve transitioning to renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and reducing emissions across sectors like energy production, transportation, and agriculture through efforts by governments and individuals.
Climate change is caused by both natural factors like ocean currents and volcanic eruptions, as well as human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. This is leading to effects like rising sea levels and ocean acidification that threaten wildlife and ecosystems. New studies show species are unable to adapt to the rapid pace of climate change and oceans are warming to unprecedented depths. Solutions include transitioning to renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and reducing emissions across sectors like energy production, transportation, and agriculture through individual and global cooperation efforts.
Over millions of years, species become adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. A stable climate supports this process and allows living things to thrive. If the climate changes quickly, organisms don’t have enough time to adapt to new conditions and may no longer be able to survive.
The document discusses human impacts on the environment through climate change and the greenhouse effect. It defines key terms like climate change, greenhouse gases, and global warming. It describes the composition of the atmosphere and the major sources of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane from activities like burning fossil fuels, agriculture, and decomposition. The greenhouse effect keeps temperatures warm for life but an enhanced effect due to human-caused emissions is causing global warming with impacts like rising seas and stronger heat waves. Reducing climate change requires changes in individual behavior and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Solomon T. Omitogun presented on global warming as part of a university course. The presentation defined global warming as the slow increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere due to increased greenhouse gases trapping heat. The main causes of global warming discussed were the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Some effects of global warming mentioned included threats to biodiversity, rising sea levels, impacts on human communities like increased conflicts and migration, and more extreme weather. Mitigation measures proposed reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transportation and infrastructure, and sustainable agriculture and forest management.
Global warming is caused by human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to warm up. This is amplified by factors like deforestation and fossil fuel use. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and loss of habitats. Solutions require global cooperation on renewable energy and carbon emissions reductions to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change.
The document discusses global warming and its causes and impacts. It states that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and trapping heat, causing global warming. This is exacerbating the natural greenhouse effect from gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide. Global warming is causing rising temperatures, melting ice caps, more extreme weather, and effects on ecosystems worldwide. The impacts include threats to plants, animals, food availability, and human communities.
This is the introduction to the course 'Climate Change and Global Environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Green House Effect : Cause, Effects, Treatment NEHA GUPTA
'Greenhouse gases’ are crucial to keeping our planet at a suitable temperature for life. Without the natural greenhouse effect, the heat emitted by the Earth would simply pass outwards from the Earth’s surface into space and the Earth would have an average temperature of about -20°C.
This presentation discusses global warming and its effects on water resources. It defines global warming as an increase in average temperatures due to greenhouse gases from human activities. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. Increased global temperatures are causing sea levels to rise and extreme weather events to occur more frequently. This affects water resources through changes in precipitation patterns, evaporation, runoff, and snowpack, posing challenges for water storage, demand and quality. The presentation examines these climate change impacts on water resources in detail.
CLIMATE CHANGE , GLOBAL WARMING ES-II PRESENTATION.pptxsahuayush1224
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions and natural factors. It can cause less predictable weather and changes in typical weather patterns. The document discusses both natural and human-caused factors that contribute to climate change, including volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, shrinking ice sheets and glaciers, and increased risks to human health, food production and water supply. Mitigation approaches proposed to address climate change include increasing renewable energy use, improving transportation and energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation.
Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise over time. Some effects of global warming include rising sea levels from melting ice caps, more extreme weather events, and potential changes to ecosystems. While no single person discovered global warming, the science shows that human pollution, especially carbon dioxide, is the main driver and addressing it will require reducing fossil fuel usage and increasing renewable energy and forest cover.
Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise over time. Some effects of global warming include rising sea levels from melting ice caps, more extreme weather events, and potential changes to ecosystems. While no single person discovered global warming, the science shows that human pollution, especially carbon dioxide, is the main driver and urgent action is needed to reduce emissions and address the problem.
Global warming refers to the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The main causes of global warming are increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. Some key greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which trap heat in the lower atmosphere and increase temperatures. Agricultural activities also significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through livestock digestion, fertilizer use, and waste management. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels as glaciers melt, as well as more frequent and extreme droughts and floods.
Environment and Natural Resources Chp-6 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide from the use of fossil fuels. The main causes of climate change are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which are emitted by both natural sources like volcanoes and human sources through burning fossil fuels. The effects of climate change include warmer temperatures that pose health risks, rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities, impacts on ecosystems and species, and changes in rainfall patterns that affect water supplies and production. Proposed solutions involve keeping fossil fuels in the ground, investing in renewable energy, sustainable transport, reducing plastic use, and protecting oceans and forests.
CLIMATE CHANGE , GLOBAL WARMING ES-II PRESENTATION.pptxsahuayush1224
Climate change is causing long-term alterations to temperature and weather patterns globally and locally. The document discusses several effects of climate change in India, including increased temperatures throughout the country, changes in rainfall patterns, more frequent and intense cyclones, sea level rise, variability in water supply from glacial retreat and changes in monsoon patterns, impacts on agriculture and food production, forests and ecosystems, and human health. Climate change poses significant risks and challenges for India's environment, economy and population.
This document discusses the causes and effects of global warming. It begins by defining global warming as an increase in the Earth's average temperature due to an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. It then lists several major causes of global warming, including pollution from vehicles, power plants, and industries, deforestation, landfills, and population growth. The document goes on to describe some key effects of global warming like rising sea levels, species extinction, impacts on plants and animals, and effects on human health. It concludes by stating that global warming is a major challenge and that small changes in individual lifestyles can help avoid worse impacts in the future.
Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general increase in average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather balances and ecosystems for a long time. It is directly linked to the increase of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect.
Global Warming (full topic, Causes, impacts,Solution etc.)oDesk
The document discusses global warming and its causes and consequences. It lists the group members and then defines global warming as an increase in average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. It identifies the key causes of global warming as the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide emissions, methane from livestock, and deforestation. Consequences discussed include damage to the ozone layer, health impacts like more heat waves and worsening pollution, rising temperatures, and ocean acidification harming marine life. It concludes by emphasizing the need to reduce carbon emissions through individual actions like using less energy and transportation.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Weitere ähnliche Inhalte
Ähnlich wie Global Warming a global cause , it's prevention.
The document discusses human impacts on the environment through climate change and the greenhouse effect. It defines key terms like climate change, greenhouse gases, and global warming. It describes the composition of the atmosphere and the major sources of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane from activities like burning fossil fuels, agriculture, and decomposition. The greenhouse effect keeps temperatures warm for life but an enhanced effect due to human-caused emissions is causing global warming with impacts like rising seas and stronger heat waves. Reducing climate change requires changes in individual behavior and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Solomon T. Omitogun presented on global warming as part of a university course. The presentation defined global warming as the slow increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere due to increased greenhouse gases trapping heat. The main causes of global warming discussed were the emission of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Some effects of global warming mentioned included threats to biodiversity, rising sea levels, impacts on human communities like increased conflicts and migration, and more extreme weather. Mitigation measures proposed reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transportation and infrastructure, and sustainable agriculture and forest management.
Global warming is caused by human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to warm up. This is amplified by factors like deforestation and fossil fuel use. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels, more extreme weather, and loss of habitats. Solutions require global cooperation on renewable energy and carbon emissions reductions to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change.
The document discusses global warming and its causes and impacts. It states that human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and trapping heat, causing global warming. This is exacerbating the natural greenhouse effect from gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide. Global warming is causing rising temperatures, melting ice caps, more extreme weather, and effects on ecosystems worldwide. The impacts include threats to plants, animals, food availability, and human communities.
This is the introduction to the course 'Climate Change and Global Environment' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Green House Effect : Cause, Effects, Treatment NEHA GUPTA
'Greenhouse gases’ are crucial to keeping our planet at a suitable temperature for life. Without the natural greenhouse effect, the heat emitted by the Earth would simply pass outwards from the Earth’s surface into space and the Earth would have an average temperature of about -20°C.
This presentation discusses global warming and its effects on water resources. It defines global warming as an increase in average temperatures due to greenhouse gases from human activities. The main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. Increased global temperatures are causing sea levels to rise and extreme weather events to occur more frequently. This affects water resources through changes in precipitation patterns, evaporation, runoff, and snowpack, posing challenges for water storage, demand and quality. The presentation examines these climate change impacts on water resources in detail.
CLIMATE CHANGE , GLOBAL WARMING ES-II PRESENTATION.pptxsahuayush1224
Climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human-caused greenhouse gas emissions and natural factors. It can cause less predictable weather and changes in typical weather patterns. The document discusses both natural and human-caused factors that contribute to climate change, including volcanic eruptions, ocean currents, greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, shrinking ice sheets and glaciers, and increased risks to human health, food production and water supply. Mitigation approaches proposed to address climate change include increasing renewable energy use, improving transportation and energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation.
Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise over time. Some effects of global warming include rising sea levels from melting ice caps, more extreme weather events, and potential changes to ecosystems. While no single person discovered global warming, the science shows that human pollution, especially carbon dioxide, is the main driver and addressing it will require reducing fossil fuel usage and increasing renewable energy and forest cover.
Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide from human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth's temperature to rise over time. Some effects of global warming include rising sea levels from melting ice caps, more extreme weather events, and potential changes to ecosystems. While no single person discovered global warming, the science shows that human pollution, especially carbon dioxide, is the main driver and urgent action is needed to reduce emissions and address the problem.
Global warming refers to the increase in average surface temperatures on Earth due to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. The main causes of global warming are increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels. Some key greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, which trap heat in the lower atmosphere and increase temperatures. Agricultural activities also significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through livestock digestion, fertilizer use, and waste management. Effects of global warming include rising sea levels as glaciers melt, as well as more frequent and extreme droughts and floods.
Environment and Natural Resources Chp-6 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
Climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns attributed largely to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide from the use of fossil fuels. The main causes of climate change are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, which are emitted by both natural sources like volcanoes and human sources through burning fossil fuels. The effects of climate change include warmer temperatures that pose health risks, rising sea levels that threaten coastal communities, impacts on ecosystems and species, and changes in rainfall patterns that affect water supplies and production. Proposed solutions involve keeping fossil fuels in the ground, investing in renewable energy, sustainable transport, reducing plastic use, and protecting oceans and forests.
CLIMATE CHANGE , GLOBAL WARMING ES-II PRESENTATION.pptxsahuayush1224
Climate change is causing long-term alterations to temperature and weather patterns globally and locally. The document discusses several effects of climate change in India, including increased temperatures throughout the country, changes in rainfall patterns, more frequent and intense cyclones, sea level rise, variability in water supply from glacial retreat and changes in monsoon patterns, impacts on agriculture and food production, forests and ecosystems, and human health. Climate change poses significant risks and challenges for India's environment, economy and population.
This document discusses the causes and effects of global warming. It begins by defining global warming as an increase in the Earth's average temperature due to an increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. It then lists several major causes of global warming, including pollution from vehicles, power plants, and industries, deforestation, landfills, and population growth. The document goes on to describe some key effects of global warming like rising sea levels, species extinction, impacts on plants and animals, and effects on human health. It concludes by stating that global warming is a major challenge and that small changes in individual lifestyles can help avoid worse impacts in the future.
Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general increase in average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather balances and ecosystems for a long time. It is directly linked to the increase of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect.
Global Warming (full topic, Causes, impacts,Solution etc.)oDesk
The document discusses global warming and its causes and consequences. It lists the group members and then defines global warming as an increase in average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. It identifies the key causes of global warming as the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide emissions, methane from livestock, and deforestation. Consequences discussed include damage to the ozone layer, health impacts like more heat waves and worsening pollution, rising temperatures, and ocean acidification harming marine life. It concludes by emphasizing the need to reduce carbon emissions through individual actions like using less energy and transportation.
Ähnlich wie Global Warming a global cause , it's prevention. (20)
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
1. DR. BR AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
GROUP MEMBERS:
Rajveer singh (66)
Rimi (67)
Ritik (68)
Sachin(69)
Sahil (70)
Sahil Thapliyal (71)
Satyam(72)
Shivank(73)
Submitted to :
DR. Phibe Khalkho
2.
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• 1.Introduction to Global Warming: Causes and effects
• 2.Greenhouse Gases: Sources and Impact on Climate
• 3.The Role of Human Activities in Climate Change
• 4.Impacts of Global Warming On Ecosystems and Biodiversity
• 5.Rising Sea Levels: Consequences and Adaptation Strategies
• 6.Global Warming and Public Health: Risks and Challenges
• 7.International Efforts to Combat climate Change: Treaties and
Aggrement
• 8.Renewable Energy Solutions: Mitigating Global Warming
• 9.Conclusion
4.
5.
6. z
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
The Greenhouse effect is a
natural process that warms the
earth’s surface. When the sun’s
energy reaches the Earth’s
atmosphere, some of it is
reflected back to the space and
some is absorbed and re-
radiated by greenhouse gases.
The absorbed energy warms the
atmosphere and the surface of
the earth.
7. z CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
MAN-MADE CAUSES
Deforestation
Use of vehicles
Chlorofluorocarbon
Industrial Development
Agriculture
Overpopulation
NATURAL CAUSES
Volcanoes
Melting Permafrost
Forest Blazes
Water Vapour
8.
9.
10.
11. Volcanoes
Volcanoes are one of the largest natural contributors to
global warming. The ash and smoke emitted during
volcanic eruptions goes out into the atmosphere and
affects the climate.
Water Vapor
Water Vapor is a kind of greenhouse gas. Due to the increase in the
earth's temperature more water gets evaporated from the water bodies
and stays in the atmosphere adding to global warming
Melting Permafrost
Permafrost is there where glaciers are present. It is a frozen soil
that has environmental gases trapped in it for several years. As the
permafrost melts, it releases the gases back into the atmosphere
increasing the earth's temperature.
Forest Blazes
Forest blazes or forest fires emit a large amount of carbon-containing smoke.
These gases are released into the atmosphere and increase the earth's
temperature resulting in global warming
12. z
• Increase in the average temperature of the earth.
• Alterations in the ecology, including an increasing sea level and
modifying the quantity and pattern of rainfall.
• Boost the occurrence and concentration of severe climate
events, such as floods, famines, heat waves etc.
• Glacier melting, lesser summer stream flows, gen.~ extinctions
and rise in the ranges of disease vectors.
• Effects the marine life.
• The global warming is extending the distribution of mosquitoes
due to the increase in humidity levels and their frequent growth
in warmer atmosphere.
15. • Transportation-The transportation sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas
emissions. Greenhouse gas emissions from transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel for
our cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes. Over 94% of the fuel used for transportation is petroleum
based, which includes primarily gasoline and diesel.
• Electricity production-Electric power generates the second largest share of greenhouse
gas emissions and includes emissions from electricity production used by other end use sectors (e.g.,
industry). In 2021, 60% of our electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and natural gas.
• Industry- Greenhouse gas emissions from industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels for
energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions necessary to produce
goods from raw materials.
• Agriculture-Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture come from livestock such as cows,
agricultural soils, and rice production.
16. • Land use and Forestary- land areas can act as a sink (absorbing
CO2 from the atmosphere) or a source of greenhouse gas emissions.
• Commercial and Residental-Greenhouse gas emissions from the
commercial and residential sector include fossil fuels burned for heat and the use of
gases for refrigeration and cooling in buildings, and non-building specific emissions
such as the handling of waste.
17. transportation, 28%
electricity pro., 25%
industry, 23%
agriculture, 10%
land and forestary, 12%
commercial, 13%
GREEN HOUSE EMESSION ACC. TO 2021 DATA
19. • Global Warming- It is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the
average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. The main cause for this
environmental issue is the increased volumes of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide and methane released by the burning of fossil fuels, emissions from the
vehicles, industries and other human activities.
• Depletion of Ozone Layer- Ozone Layer protects the earth from harmful
ultraviolet rays from the sun. It is found in the upper regions of the stratosphere. The
depletion of the ozone layer results in the entry of the harmful UV rays to the earth’s
surface that might lead to skin cancer and can also change the climate drastically.
The major cause of this phenomenon is the accumulation of natural greenhouse
gases chl chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.
20. • Runaway Greenhouse Effect-This phenomenon occurs when the
planet absorbs more radiation than it can radiate back. Thus, the heat lost from the
earth’s surface is less and the temperature of the planet keeps rising.
• Smog and Air Pollution-Smog is formed by the combination of smoke
and fog. It can be caused both by natural means and man-made activities.
In general, smog is generally formed by the accumulation of more greenhouse gases
including
nitrogen and sulfur oxides. The major contributors to the formation of smog aare
automobile and industrial emissions, agricultural fires, natural forest fires aand the
reaction of these chemicals among themselves.
21. • Acidification of Water Bodies-Increase in the total amount of
greenhouse gases in the air has turned most of the world’s water bodies acidic. The
greenhouse gases mix with the rainwater and fall as acid rain. This leads to the
acidification of water bodies.
Also, the rainwater carries the contaminants along with it and falls into the river,
streams and th lakes thereby causing their acidification.
22. The Role of Human Activities
in Climate Change
23. Climate variability – variations in climate patterns, beyond individual
weather events, that occur within smaller timeframes, such as a month, a
season or a year that are generally attributed to natural causes
CO2 equivalent - a unit of measurement that compares the number of
metric tons of CO2 emissions with the same global warming potential as one
metric ton of another greenhouse gas
Greenhouse effect – a phenomenon that occurs when gases in the
atmosphere trap heat emitted by the planet
Greenhouse gases – a set of naturally occurring and man-made gases in
earth’s atmosphere that trap heat, while allowing sunlight to pass through;
many greenhouse gases are extremely long-lived, with some remaining
airborne for tens to hundreds of years after being released
24. Greenhouse Effect
The atmosphere’s ability to trap thermal energy or heat is called
the greenhouse effect. Normally, the greenhouse effect is an
essential process that keeps our planet temperate and habitable.
Because human activities produce additional thermal energy and
emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere—increasing the
amount of heat being trapped—global warming occurs.
The following graph shows how the rise in global temperature
correlates with the rise of CO2 in the atmosphere.
26. Human Activities & Climate Change
Human activities are responsible for almost all of the increase in
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere over the last 150 years. The
largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities in
the United States is from burning fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and
transportation. To slow climate change, we will need to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
Different greenhouse gases have different global warming potentials
(i.e. how long they remain in the atmosphere, how strongly they
absorb energy, and how they contribute to warming the earth). To
make the calculations easier, scientists estimate emissions in tons of
CO2 equivalent.
27. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Using electricity, disposing of waste, driving
to school, and many of our other daily
activities emit greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. The greenhouse gases are
water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4), ozone (O3),
nitrous oxide (N2O), and
chlorofluorocarbons. Some greenhouse
gases occur naturally, others are man-
made.
29. HABITAT LOSS AND
FRAGMENTATION
• Rising temperatures can lead to the loss and fragmentation of habitats critical for
various species.
• For example, melting polar ice caps threaten the habitats of polar bears, while
coral bleaching due to warmer ocean temperatures endangers the ecosystems
dependent on coral reefs.
Shifts in Species Distribution
• Many species are forced to move to higher latitudes or elevations as
temperatures change, disrupting existing ecosystems and potentially leading to
competition with or predation upon native species.
30.
31. LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY
• The combination of habitat loss, shifting ecosystems, and changing
environmental conditions can lead to a loss of biodiversity.
• Species unable to adapt or migrate face extinction, resulting in reduced genetic
diversity and ecosystem stability.
Altered Ecosystem Services
• Ecosystem services, such as pollination, water purification, and carbon
sequestration, are disrupted by global warming.
• For example, changes in precipitation patterns can affect water availability,
leading to droughts or floods that impact agriculture, water supplies, and human
livelihoods.
32.
33. INCREASED EXTINCTION RISK
• Many species are unable to adapt quickly enough to the rapid pace of
climate change, increasing the risk of extinction.
• This is particularly concerning for specialized species with narrow habitat
requirements.
Changes in Phenology
• Global warming can alter the timing of biological events such as flowering,
migration, and hibernation, leading to mismatches between species
interactions (e.g., predator-prey relationships) and disrupting ecosystem
functioning.
34.
35. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION
• Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere lead to higher levels of
carbon dioxide being absorbed by the oceans, resulting in ocean
acidification.
• This can have detrimental effects on marine life, particularly organisms
with calcium carbonate shells such as corals, shellfish, and plankton.
Increased Disease Spread
• Warmer temperatures can facilitate the spread of diseases among
species, as pathogens and vectors expand their ranges into new areas.
• This can have cascading effects on ecosystem dynamics and species
populations.
36.
37. Rising sea level
What is rising sea level ?
Sea levels are rising due to melting ice and
thermal expansion related to global warming.
38. THE KEY MECHANISMS LINKING GLOBAL
WARMING TO SEA LEVEL RISE INCLUDE:
1.Thermal Expansion: As the Earth's temperature rises due to the
enhanced greenhouse effect, the oceans absorb heat. The absorbed
heat causes the water molecules to expand, leading to an increase in
the volume of the ocean. This process, known as thermal expansion,
is a significant contributor to rising sea levels.
2.Melting Ice: Higher global temperatures lead to the melting of ice
from glaciers, ice caps, and polar ice sheets. This melted ice adds
freshwater to the oceans, contributing to an increase in sea level. The
two main ice sheets of concern are in Greenland and Antarctica,
which contain vast amounts of ice that, if melted, would substantially
raise sea levels.
39.
40. International effort to combat
climate change : Treaties and
Agreement
Efforts to combat climate change involve various
treaties and agreements among nations. Some
significant international agreements include:
1. United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC)
2. Kyoto Protocol
3. Paris Agreement
4. Montreal Protocol
5. Kigali Amendment
41. Brief explanation of the treaties &
agreements
• (UNFCCC): Adopted in 1992, it's the foundational
treaty that sets the overall framework for
intergovernmental efforts to tackle climate change.
• Kyoto Protocol: Established in 1997 under the
UNFCCC, it set binding targets for industrialized
countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• Paris Agreement: Adopted in 2015, it aims to limit
global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit the
temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius.
42. • Montreal Protocol: primarily aimed at addressing
ozone depletion, it indirectly contributes to climate
change mitigation by phasing out substances that
deplete the ozone layer, which are also potent
greenhouse gases.
• Kigali Amendment: An amendment to the Montreal
Protocol agreed upon in 2016, it aims to phase down
the production and consumption of
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are potent
greenhouse gases used mainly in refrigeration and air
conditioning.
46. Renewable Energy
• Maine is endowed with plentiful bioenergy, wind, hydropower,
ocean, and other renewable energy resources.
• Non-hydro renewables are responsible for 32% of in-state
generation, a higher percentage than in any other state in the
nation.
47. Renewable Energy
• Maine is home to the country’s first tidal energy device to
generate electricity for the power grid and first working
offshore wind turbine (as of 2014).
48. Solar Energy
We use solar thermal energy systems to
• heat water for use in homes, buildings, or swimming pools
• heat the inside of homes, greenhouses, and other buildings
• heat fluids to high temperatures in solar thermal power plants
Solar photovoltaic devices, or solar cells, change sunlight
directly into electricity.
50. Solar Energy
The two main benefits of using solar energy are
• Systems do not produce air pollutants or carbon dioxide.
• Systems on buildings have minimal impact on the environment.
The main limitations of solar energy are
• The amount of sunlight that arrives at the earth's surface is not constant. The amount of sunlight
varies depending on location, time of day, season of the year, and weather conditions.
• The amount of sunlight reaching a square foot of the earth's surface is relatively small, so a large
surface area is necessary to absorb or collect a useful amount of energy.
51. Wind Energy
• Wind turbines operate on a simple principle. The energy in
the wind turns two or three propeller-like blades around a
rotor. The rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a
generator to create electricity.
53. Wind Energy
• Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most
energy. At 100 feet or more above ground, they can take
advantage of faster and less turbulent wind.
• Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single
home or building, or they can be connected to an electricity
grid for more widespread electricity distribution.
54. Wind Energy
• Advantages of Wind Energy
– Clean and renewable source of power
– Cost effective
– Rapid growth of industry, large potential
• Disadvantages of Wind Energy
– Wind reliability
– Threat to wildlife
– Noise and visual pollution
55. Tidal Energy
• Tidal Stream Generator
– Makes use of the kinetic energy of moving water to power turbines, in
a similar way to wind turbines that use wind to power turbines.
• Tidal Barrage
– Tidal barrages make use of the potential energy in the difference in
height between high and low tides.
56. Tidal Energy
• Advantages
– Clean fuel source compared to fossil fuels
– Domestic source of energy
• Disadvantages
– Tidal power can have effects on marine life.
• The turbines can accidentally kill swimming sea life with the
rotating blades.
• Some fish may no longer utilize the area if threatened with a
constant rotating or noise-making object.
• Installing a barrage may change the shoreline within the
bay or estuary, affecting a large ecosystem that depends on tidal
flats.
57. Wave Energy
• Ocean waves contain tremendous energy
potential.
• Wave power devices extract energy from the
surface motion of ocean waves or from
pressure fluctuations below the surface.
58. Wave Energy
• Advantages
– Renewable
– Environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuel energy
– Variety of designs to use
– Less energy dependence from foreign governments
• Disadvantages
– Can affect the marine environment
– May disturb private or commercial shipping
– Dependent on wavelength for best operation
– Poor performance in rough weather
– Visual/noise issues
59. Geothermal Energy
• (geo = earth and thermal = heat), geothermal energy comes
from heat produced by the Earth.
60. Geothermal Energy
• Direct geothermal energy can be accessed in areas where hot
springs/geothermal reservoirs are near the surface of the
Earth.
• Geothermal heat pumps utilizes a series of underground
pipes, an electric compressor and a heat exchanger to absorb
and transfer heat.
• Geothermal power plants also harness the heat of the Earth
through hot water and steam. In these plants, heat is used to
generate electricity.
61. Geothermal Energy
• Advantages
– Renewable energy
– Cleaner than burning fossil fuels
• Disadvantages
– Cost of drilling, researching proper areas
– Requires a suitable location
62. Biofuels
• The two most common types of biofuels
are ethanol and biodiesel.
63. Biofuels
– Ethanol is an alcohol.
– Ethanol is mostly used as a fuel additive to cut down a vehicle's
carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions.
64. Biofuels
• Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol (usually methanol)
with vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled cooking greases.
• It can be used as an additive to reduce vehicle emissions
(typically 20%) or in its pure form as a renewable alternative
fuel for diesel engines.
65. Biofuels
• Advantages
– Easy to source
– Renewable
– Reduces greenhouse gases
– Reduced dependence on foreign energy
• Disadvantages
– Higher cost of production (lower supply than gasoline)
– Monoculture
– Shortage of food
– Water Use
66. .Talent management remains a critical aspect of
organizational success, requiring ongoing attention and
investment.
• .By adopting holistic talent management strategies,
organizations can effectively nurture their workforce,
drive innovation, and maintain a competitive edge in
the market.
• .As we navigate through evolving trends and
challenges, the ability to attract, develop, and retain
top talent will remain paramount for organizations
aiming to thrive in the future.
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Waste-to-energy and anaerobic digestion are also done, but not discussed in detail here.
Waste – to – energy – Using waste as an energy source to generate electricity or heat; it is also a waste reduction method.
Anaerobic Digestions (biogas) - Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that produces a gas principally composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) otherwise known as biogas. These gases are produced from organic wastes such as livestock manure, food processing waste, etc and these gases can be used for process heating or electrical generation. Source: http://www.energy.ca.gov/biomass/anaerobic.html
Non-Renewable Energy – Most of the energy consumed in the U.S. is from non-renewable energy sources: petroleum products, hydrocarbon gas liquids, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
Photo Source: http://www.entrypoint.cz/files/2814/4240/8640/questions-reponses-profits.jpg
Photos clockwise (starting top left) – wind turbines, water tidal turbines, wave energy, geothermal energy, solar panels, biofuels
Source: wind - https://bdn-data.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2009/09/1251860949_2543.jpg, solar - http://solaroregon.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/solar-panel-energy-orgeon-850x450_c.jpg, tidal energy - http://tidalenergytoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/orpc-shows-progress-on-maine-tidal-project.jpg, wave - https://media.salon.com/2016/08/wave_harvesters-620x412.jpg, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/styles/large/public/2014-11/heat-pump-heating.pn, biofuel - https://wattsupwiththat.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/biofuellifecycle11.jpg
The tidal device (left photo) is stationed on the bottom of Cobscook Bay (Downeast Maine) and can power approximately 30 homes. The floating offshore wind turbine is 65 feet high and can power five homes. It was tested off of Castine, Maine.
Source: http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/states/Maine.pdf Photo: wind turbine - https://bdn-data.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/2013/07/10025241_H10688622-600x450.jpg
Photo Top Left – Solar Tower - The Sun’s light is focused onto a small area using mirrors. The mirrors constantly follow the Sun as it moves through the sky. They do this to make sure they are receiving as much light as possible.
The beam created by all of these reflecting mirrors is used to heat a liquid to an extremely hot temperature—sometimes over 1000°F! This liquid is a chemical that is very good at trapping heat. After it is heated, the liquid is pumped through a tank of water in a pipe. These hot pipes cause the water to boil and create steam. This steam spins a turbine, which powers a generator. Sometimes, the hot liquid itself is used to power the generator.
Source: https://climatekids.nasa.gov/concentrating-solar/
Photo Middle - shingles: http://news.energysage.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Dow-solar-shingles-300x176.png
Photo Right - Solar panels on roof: http://hgtvhome.sndimg.com/content/dam/images/hgrm/fullset/2011/7/26/1/iStock-13689706_solar-panels-on-roof_s4x3.jpg.rend.hgtvcom.1280.960.suffix/1409157922480.jpeg
Source: https://energy.gov/eere/wind/animation-how-wind-turbine-works
Photo: https://metaefficient.com/news/the-tallest-wind-turbines-in-the-us-installed-in-texas.html (1.5MW turbine in Texas)
Yaw –a twisting or oscillation of a moving ship or aircraft around a vertical axis.
Pitch - a swaying or oscillation around a horizontal axis perpendicular to the direction of motion
Source:
https://www.gerenewableenergy.com/content/dam/gepower-renewables/global/en_US/images/body-images/onshore-wind/GE-turbine.gif
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/pros-and-cons-of-wind-energy.php
Mars Hill Wind Farm Photo Source: https://www.nrel.gov/news/features/images/20091120_states_15332_large.jpg
The world's first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966
Tidal Stream Generator - Some tidal generators can be built into the structures of existing bridges or are entirely submersed, thus avoiding concerns over impact on the natural landscape.
Tidal Barrage - When using tidal barrages to generate power, the potential energy from a tide is seized through strategic placement of specialized dams. When the sea level rises and the tide begins to come in, the temporary increase in tidal power is channeled into a large basin behind the dam, holding a large amount of potential energy. With the receding tide, this energy is then converted into mechanical energy as the water is released through large turbines that create electrical power through the use of generators.
There are other types tried as well…
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power Photo: tidayenergytoday.com,
Disadvantages - Inhibiting the flow of water in and out of the bay, there may also be less flushing of the bay or estuary, causing additional turbidity (suspended solids) and less saltwater, which may result in the death of fish that act as a vital food source to birds and mammals. Migrating fish may also be unable to access breeding streams, and may attempt to pass through the turbines. The same acoustic concerns apply to tidal barrages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power
https://www.boem.gov/Ocean-Wave-Energy/
Several types are shown….
Photos: Ocean Power Technology's (OPT) Powerbuoy wave generation system (left) A point absorber is a floating structure with components that move relative to each other due to wave action (e.g., a floating buoy inside a fixed cylinder). Point absorbers often look like floating oceanographic buoys. They utilize the rise and fall of the wave height at a single point for energy conversion. The relative up and down bobbing motion caused by passing waves is used to drive electromechanical or hydraulic energy converters to generate power.
Right - The Agucadoura Wave Farm offshore Portugal was the world's first. It was tested and operated in 2008. 3 miles offshore, using the Pelamus Wave Energy Conversion Device. Attenuators are long multisegment floating structures oriented parallel to the direction of the waves. They ride the waves like a ship, extracting energy by using restraints at the bow of the device and along its length. The differing heights of waves along the length of the device causes flexing where the segments connect. The segments are connected to hydraulic pumps or other converters to generate power as the waves move across.
Beneath the surface (or crust) of the Earth, there are a number of heat-producing layers of rock, minerals, and magma, including the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. The deeper you dig towards the center of the Earth, the hotter it gets. In fact, the core (about 4,000 miles beneath the surface), can reach temperatures of 7,600 degrees Fahrenheit.
This heat – which can be harnessed for energy — is caused by residual heat from the formation of the Earth, as well as decay of radioactive isotopes.
Photo: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwietIHxparXAhWFNxQKHWyEAZcQjB0IBg&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternativeenergyprimer.com%2FGeothermal-Energy.html&psig=AOvVaw2aib3RNqXcNckTvqZ8XhkH&ust=1510069534519825
Source: https://www.justenergy.com/blog/beneath-our-feet-an-introduction-to-geothermal-energy/
Direct geothermal energy - . In these areas, hot water (pumped through a heat exchanger) can be directly piped in to heat homes or buildings. The “used” water is then returned to the reservoir for re-heating.
Geothermal heat pumps - In the summer, the system removes heat from the house/building and returns it to the Earth. In the winter, the geothermal pump absorbs heat from the ground and transfers it into the house/building.
Geothermal Power Plants – There are several different kinds of power plants.
Source: https://www.justenergy.com/blog/beneath-our-feet-an-introduction-to-geothermal-energy/
1 – hot water extracted from the earth, 2 - hot water exposed to lower pressure creates steam, 3 – steam goes through a turbine generator converting thermal energy to mechanical / electrical energy, 4 – in the cooling tower steam is cooled and the condensed water is returned to the earth in 5 - .
Photo https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/7807505/feature_geothermal_2017_inline1.jpg
Source: https://www.justenergy.com/blog/beneath-our-feet-an-introduction-to-geothermal-energy/
The two most common types of biofuels are ethanol and biodiesel.
Ethanol is an alcohol, the same found in beer and wine. It is made by fermenting any biomass high in carbohydrates (starches, sugars, or celluloses) through a process similar to brewing beer. Ethanol is mostly used as a fuel additive to cut down a vehicle's carbon monoxide and other smog-causing emissions. But flexible-fuel vehicles, which run on mixtures of gasoline and up to 85% ethanol, are now available.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/bioenergy/tech/biofuels.html
Anaerobic Digestions (biogas) - Anaerobic digestion is a biological process that produces a gas principally composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) otherwise known as biogas. These gases are produced from organic wastes such as livestock manure, food processing waste, etc and these gases can be used for process heating or electrical generation. Source: http://www.energy.ca.gov/biomass/anaerobic.html
Photo: https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa16/files/2016/11/cropped-danger-of-ethanol-fuel-2fpvumy.jpg, http://www.duqlawblogs.org/energy/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/biodiesel_logo.jpg
Advantages of Biofuels
Cost Benefit: As of now, biofuels cost the same in the market as gasoline does. However, the overall cost benefit of using them is much higher.
Easy To Source: Biofuels are made from many different sources such as manure, waste from crops and plants grown specifically for the fuel.
3. Renewable: Since most of the sources like manure, corn, switchgrass, soyabeans, waste from crops and plants are renewable and are not likely to run out any time soon, making the use of biofuels efficient in nature. These crops can be replanted again and again.
4. Reduce Greenhouse Gases: Fossil fuels, when burnt, produce large amount of greenhouse gases i.e. carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases trap sunlight and cause planet to warm. The burning of coal and oil increases the temperature and causes global warming. To reduce the impact of greenhouse gases, people around the world are using biofuels. Studies suggests that biofuels reduces greenhouse gases up to 65 percent.
5. Economic Security: If more people start shifting towards biofuels, a country can reduce its dependance on fossil fuels. More jobs will be created with a growing biofuel industry, which will keep our economy secure.
6. Reduce Dependence on Foreign Oil: As prices of crude oil is touching sky high, we need some more alternative energy solutions to reduce our dependance on fossil fuels.
7. Lower Levels of Pollution: They release lower levels of carbon dioxide and other emissions when burnt. Although the production of biofuels creates carbon dioxide as a byproduct, it is frequently used to grow the plants that will be converted into the fuel. This allows it to become something close to a self sustaining system.
Disadvantages of Biofuels
High Cost of Production: Even with all the benefits associated with biofuels, they are quite expensive to produce in the current market.
Monoculture: Monoculture refers to practice of producing same crops year after year, rather than producing various crops through a farmer’s fields over time..
3. Use of Fertilizers: Biofuels are produced from crops and these crops need fertilizers to grow better. The downside of using fertilizers is that they can have harmful effects on surrounding environment and may cause water pollution. Fertilizers contain nitrogen and phosphorus. They can be washed away from soil to nearby lake, river or pond.
4. Shortage of Food: Biofuels are extracted from plants and crops that have high levels of sugar in them. However, most of these crops are also used as food crops. Even though waste material from plants can be used as raw material, the requirement for such food crops will still exist. It will take up agricultural space from other crops, which can create a number of problems. Even if it does not cause an acute shortage of food, it will definitely put pressure on the current growth of crops. One major worry being faced by people is that the growing use of biofuels may just mean a rise in food prices as well.
5. Industrial Pollution: The carbon footprint of biofuels is less than the traditional forms of fuel when burnt. However, the process with which they are produced makes up for that. Production is largely dependent on lots of water and oil
6. Water Use: Large quantities of water are required to irrigate the biofuel crops and it may impose strain on local and regional water resources, if not managed wisely.
7. Future Rise in Price: Current technology being employed for the production of biofuels is not as efficient as it should be. Scientists are engaged in developing better means by which we can extract this fuel.
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-biofuels.php Photo: https://fthmb.tqn.com/WTp44xEkgdQJs0QEDk1V50y-5OQ=/768x0/filters:no_upscale()/177680720-56a2ad2a3df78cf77278b56e.jpg