Macroscopic notes

1. Electron
Microscopy
Prof. D.V.Kohli
Dept. of Pharma Sciences
Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (MP)

2. • Image formation by a particle beam of electrons to
illuminate a specimen and create a highly-magnified
image.
• They have much greater resolving power than light
microscopes that use electromagnetic radiation and can
obtain much higher magnifications of up to 1 million times
De Broglie wavelength of an electron is much smaller
cause greater resolution.
• The electron microscope uses electrostatic and
electromagnetic lenses
• The first electron microscope prototype was built in 1931
by the German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knol
Overview

3. Image formation
• Light rays coming out of an illuminated object
diverge from each point on the object A lens can
be used to refract the rays .
 converge them at a different location. This is the
basic mechanism of image formation A lens
changes the angle of beam depending on its
incidence angle and location of entrance on the
lens.

4. A small routine Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) used for biological
work.

27. Applications
 Biology and life sciences
 Diagnostic electron microscopy
 Cryobiology
 Protein localization
 Electron tomography
 Cellular tomography
 Cryo-electron microscopy
 Toxicology
 Biological production and viral load monitoring
 Particle analysis
 Pharmaceutical QC
 Structural biology
 3D tissue imaging
 Virology

28. Research
 Electron beam-induced deposition
 Materials qualification
 Materials and sample preparation
 Nanoprototyping
 Nanometrology
 Device testing and characterization

29. Industry
 High-resolution imaging
 2D & 3D micro-characterization
 Macro sample to nanometer metrology
 Particle detection and characterization
 Direct beam-writing fabrication
 Dynamic materials experiments
 Sample preparation
 Forensics
 Mining (mineral liberation analysis)
 Chemical/Petrochemical

30. 