This slide provides an overview of Networking Concepts. Computer networking involves a group of computers capable of sharing or exchanging resources using communication protocols over wired or wireless transmission media. The lessons covered include Computer Networking, Bandwidth, Repeater, Access Point, Throughput, etc. The target audience is high school students in Ghana studying elective ICT, although anyone interested in Information and Communications Technology will find this useful.

1. NAME: ENIMIL KWEKU BOATENG
COURSE: ELECTIVE ICT
TOPIC: COMPUTER NETWORK CONCEPTS
EMAIL: KWEKUBOATENG38@GMAIL.COM
WEB: HTTP://ENIMIL.GREAT-SITE.NET

2. Lesson quote
Knowledge is power. Information is liberating.
Education is the premise of progress, in every
society, in every family.
Kofi Annan

3. LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
Understand concepts of computer networking
Explain some concepts associated with computer
networking

4. Computer Networking

5. A computer network is a group of computers that use
communication protocols over wired or wireless transmission
medium for the purpose of sharing resources and exchanging
information.

6. Explanation of Computer
Networking Concepts

7. REPEATER
It is a networking device that receives signal and
retransmits it over a long distance so that the signal’s
strength remains equal.

8. WIRELESS ACCESS POINT
It is a networking device that allows wireless devices to
connect to a wired network.
Source:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321759837_Se
curity_Improvements_within_IEEE_80211i_Wireless_Lo
cal_Area_Networks_WLANs/figures?lo=1

9. Network bridge
A network bridge is a networking device that connects
multiple network segments or LANs (LocalArea Networks)
together, allowing them to communicate with each other.
Source: https://www.scaler.com/topics/bridge-in-
computer-network/

10. gateway
A gateway is a networking device or software component
that serves as an interface or connection point between two
different networks. It acts as a bridge between networks that
use different protocols or have different addressing schemes.
The term "gateway" is often used interchangeably with
"router" in certain contexts.

11. IP ADDRESS
Internet protocol address is a unique string of numbers that
identify a device on the Internet.An IP address can be public
or private.
Eg: 192.158.1.24

12. NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION
Network AddressTranslation (NAT) is a process in which one
or more private IP addresses are translated into one or more
public IP address and vice versa in order to provide Internet
access to the local hosts.
Source: https://community.fs.com/article/what-is-nat-and-what-are-
the-benefits-of-nat-firewalls.html

13. Domain name system
Domain Name System is a system that lets you connect to
websites by matching human-readable domain names
(youtube.com) with the unique address of the server where
the website is stored.
Source: https://www.itrelease.com/2021/11/what-is-
domain-name-server-dns-with-example/

14. switch
A switch is a central node that coordinates the flow of data
by sending messages directly between sender and receiver
nodes. A hub previously filled this purpose by sending a
received message to all connected nodes, rather than just the
intended node.
Network Switch – source: https://www.comms-
express.com/infozone/article/ethernet-
switches/

15. router
A router is a node that forwards or routes data packets from
one network to their destination in another network. A router
inspects a given data packet's destination IP address,
calculates the best way for it to reach its destination and then
forwards it accordingly.
Network Router – source:
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/n
etwork-router-10393707262.html

16. BANDWIDTH
Bandwidth is defined as the amount of data that can be sent
from one node to the other within a network in a given
amount of time. Effectively, it means how much information
can move across the communication channel in a given
amount of time.

17. throughput
It is the amount of data that can be sent and received within
a specific time frame.

18. latency
It is the amount of time taken for a packet to be transmitted
from the source to its destination.

19. intranet
Intranet is defined as a private network of computers within
an organisation with its own server and firewall that can only
be accessed by authorised users within the organisation.

20. extranet
An extranet is a controlled private network allowing
customers, partners, vendors, suppliers and other businesses
outside the organisation to access a specific information.

21. Node
A node is any physical device within a network that is able to
send, receive, or forward information.A personal computer is
the most common node. Modems, switches, hubs, bridges,
servers, and printers are also nodes, as are other devices that
connect overWi-Fi or Ethernet.

22. port
A port is a socket for external devices to connect to the
system unit.There is also a network port which is provided
by the transport layer of the OSI reference model.A network
port is a type of port that has numbers serving endpoint
communication between two computers.

23. Try thy hands on
1. Define computer networking.
2. Clearly differentiate between router and switch
3. Explain the following:
I. Gateway
II. DNS
III. IP address
IV. NAT

24. Thanks 4 watching
Next tutorials will be on;
Types of Networks
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