This C++ code defines functions for statistical analysis and logging of simulation data. It includes functions to initialize log vectors for salesmen data, log field visits to a grid, and write output log files. Functions are also defined for histogramming data, smoothing and averaging vectors, and calculating statistics like the midpoint and variance of a data set.
Dynamical symmetry breaking in vibration-assisted transport through nanostruc...Vorname Nachname
This document summarizes a theoretical model of electron transport through a nanostructure with strong electron-vibron coupling. A single molecule is coupled to many vibronic modes, and at low energies transport is dominated by electron-vibron processes where an electron transfers through the molecule accompanied by the excitation or emission of vibrons. When the vibron frequencies form a harmonic series, energetically degenerate vibronic configurations can contribute to transport. Both negative differential conductance features and gate asymmetry are predicted due to interplay between Franck-Condon suppression and spin/orbital degeneracies, which give rise to slow transport channels.
This document contains C++ code for simulating a dynamic pricing model. It defines classes for customers and salespeople, and includes methods for initializing the simulation, having customers and salespeople interact on a grid, and adjusting salesperson prices over time using different strategies. The simulation runs for a set number of iterations, logging data at intervals to output files.
1) This document provides an overview of structure-odor relations (SORs), discussing the challenges in relating molecular structure to odor perception and reviewing some prominent odor categories.
2) A key difficulty is that no two odorants have been found to have exactly the same odor, despite similarities in structure, and the human olfactory system appears to have infinite resolution.
3) Theories of SORs have generally been unsuccessful at predicting odor based on structure alone. Conformational analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationships have had limited predictive power due to unknown receptor structures.
This document contains the C++ source code for a decentralized price setting model (DPSM) simulation. It initializes the DPSM simulation object with parameters like the number of iterations, customers, salesmen, and grid size. It then sets various customer behavior parameters and initializes the people and statistics. The main loop runs the simulation for 1 iteration and writes the salesman logs to a file.
This C++ code defines several functions used as tools: ProgressBar prints a progress bar to the console, IntToString converts an integer to a string, BernoulliDistr returns a random boolean value based on a probability, Distance calculates the distance between two points on a grid, NormalDistr generates a random number from a normal distribution, and LogNormal generates a random number from a log-normal distribution.
This C++ code defines functions for statistical analysis and logging of simulation data. It includes functions to initialize log vectors for salesmen data, log field visits to a grid, and write output log files. Functions are also defined for histogramming data, smoothing and averaging vectors, and calculating statistics like the midpoint and variance of a data set.
Dynamical symmetry breaking in vibration-assisted transport through nanostruc...Vorname Nachname
This document summarizes a theoretical model of electron transport through a nanostructure with strong electron-vibron coupling. A single molecule is coupled to many vibronic modes, and at low energies transport is dominated by electron-vibron processes where an electron transfers through the molecule accompanied by the excitation or emission of vibrons. When the vibron frequencies form a harmonic series, energetically degenerate vibronic configurations can contribute to transport. Both negative differential conductance features and gate asymmetry are predicted due to interplay between Franck-Condon suppression and spin/orbital degeneracies, which give rise to slow transport channels.
This document contains C++ code for simulating a dynamic pricing model. It defines classes for customers and salespeople, and includes methods for initializing the simulation, having customers and salespeople interact on a grid, and adjusting salesperson prices over time using different strategies. The simulation runs for a set number of iterations, logging data at intervals to output files.
1) This document provides an overview of structure-odor relations (SORs), discussing the challenges in relating molecular structure to odor perception and reviewing some prominent odor categories.
2) A key difficulty is that no two odorants have been found to have exactly the same odor, despite similarities in structure, and the human olfactory system appears to have infinite resolution.
3) Theories of SORs have generally been unsuccessful at predicting odor based on structure alone. Conformational analysis and quantitative structure-activity relationships have had limited predictive power due to unknown receptor structures.
This document contains the C++ source code for a decentralized price setting model (DPSM) simulation. It initializes the DPSM simulation object with parameters like the number of iterations, customers, salesmen, and grid size. It then sets various customer behavior parameters and initializes the people and statistics. The main loop runs the simulation for 1 iteration and writes the salesman logs to a file.
This C++ code defines several functions used as tools: ProgressBar prints a progress bar to the console, IntToString converts an integer to a string, BernoulliDistr returns a random boolean value based on a probability, Distance calculates the distance between two points on a grid, NormalDistr generates a random number from a normal distribution, and LogNormal generates a random number from a log-normal distribution.
The document discusses several possibilities for the existence of alien life forms:
1) There may be another human species in our galaxy or universe that evolved separately from apes, refuting evolution theory.
2) Advanced civilizations like those depicted in Star Wars could exist elsewhere in the galaxy.
3) Other dimensions may contain worlds like those in Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings with separate human species.
4) Greys or other aliens may have communicated telepathically or visited Earth. Their bodies and technology could differ greatly from humans.
This document discusses several physics concepts including:
1. The relationship between thermal conductivity, surface area, heat transfer rate, and temperature gradient in a pipe.
2. How Lorentz transformations relate velocity and acceleration in special relativity.
3. How the Faraday tensor relates electric and magnetic field components between inertial frames in motion relative to each other.
This document discusses structural language and how statistical analysis can be used to understand communication between agents through sequences of symbols or actions. It provides an example of two fighters in a computer game each with a repertoire of moves they use in a sequence to battle each other. The document argues that without understanding the meaning of individual symbols, one can still analyze repetitive structures and compare sequences to understand communication. It then discusses using statistical methods like Kendall's tau and Spearman's coefficient to analyze pairings between sequences and look for correlations. The document concludes by discussing how current computer games follow basic rules for situations but the next step is for computers to rely on sequences of their own decisions to become more autonomous agents.
This document discusses structural language and statistical analysis of sequences of signs or data. It uses examples of fighters in a computer game applying sequences of moves and birds communicating with sequences of tones. It argues that statistical analysis of the structures and sequences can help understand languages without knowing the meaning of individual symbols. This includes finding repetitions in sequences and comparing structures using methods like the Kendall Tau and Spearman coefficient to analyze pairings in sequences and assess concordance and discordance. It also suggests computer games could incorporate more artificial intelligence by having computer players rely on sequences of decisions rather than situational rules to become more autonomous agents.
This document discusses equations related to heat transfer through pipes and the temperature gradient that results from fluid flow. It then speculates that quantum mechanical equations like the Fermi-Dirac distribution and theories of relativity may help explain the relationship between temperature and the movement of water particles through pipes. The document proposes that the velocity of water particles must be connected to temperature, that velocity is infinite, and that the movement of an inertial system through a vacuum must be related to the movement of the system.
1. The document discusses equations relating thermal conductivity, surface area, temperature gradient, and heat transfer rate for water flowing through a pipe.
2. It then discusses how the movement of water particles through a tube is analogous to the movement of a train on rails, and how the laws of special relativity may need to be combined with temperature and quantum mechanics.
3. Finally, it presents equations for a von-Neumann type interaction describing an open boundary quantum system, where the wave function of a pointer after time t depends on the initial wave function and a parameter relating position and time.
1. The document defines topological spaces and metric spaces. A topological space is a set endowed with a collection of open sets satisfying certain properties. A metric space is a topological space where the open sets are defined by a metric.
2. It then introduces Gauss's law, which states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the total charge enclosed by the surface.
3. Gauss's law can be applied to both discrete point charges and continuous charge distributions described by a charge density function.
Electron transport in one dimensional nanosystemsVorname Nachname
This document provides an overview of electron transport theory in one-dimensional nanoscale systems. It begins with an introduction to Landauer theory and asymmetric potential barriers. It then examines tight binding models of perfect and defective wires to understand electron transmission. Applications to scanning tunneling microscopes are discussed, modeling the tip-surface junction as a tight binding wire. Vibrational effects on conduction are also considered.
Smell in real noses: how the environment changes vibrationsVorname Nachname
This document discusses Benjamin Yiwen Färber's research into how the vibrational frequency of odor molecules is affected by the environment inside the nose. It begins by summarizing the biological process of smell and Turin's theory that odor discrimination is based on the vibrational frequencies of molecules. It then models odor molecules as diatomic harmonic oscillators and examines how the oscillator's frequency is altered by environmental factors like external charges and binding to olfactory receptors. The document relates the harmonic oscillator model to the quantum mechanical Morse potential model and tight binding model of diatomic molecules.
This document summarizes a statistical model of a stock market consisting of buyers and sellers interacting on a lattice. Sellers are fixed in position with set prices, while buyers diffuse randomly and may purchase from sellers based on the difference between the seller's price and the buyer's valuation. The model could later be expanded to have sellers dynamically adjust prices based on aggregate demand, similarly to models of Brownian motion in financial markets. Statistical physics approaches are applied to understand this complex system of many interacting agents as an equilibrium process.
Could humans recognize odor by phonon assisted tunnelingVorname Nachname
This document discusses a proposed physical mechanism for how humans could recognize odors through phonon-assisted tunneling. The mechanism involves inelastic electron tunneling between donor and acceptor sites in olfactory receptors that is mediated by the absorption or emission of odorant molecule phonons. The document evaluates the viability of this proposed mechanism using theoretical models and estimates of parameter values. It finds that the mechanism is physically plausible and consistent with observed features of the sense of smell, provided olfactory receptors have certain general properties that allow electron transfer on appropriate timescales.
This document contains C++ code that defines two classes: Histogram and Statistics. The Histogram class is used to store and represent histogram data, including a vector of doubles for the data, minimum value, and bin size. The Statistics class contains various public methods for initializing simulation parameters, logging field visits and salesman data, writing data to files, processing the data by dividing, smoothing, and calculating statistics like midpoint and variance. It stores the logged data and simulation parameters as private member variables.
This paper was published by my former Supervisor and involves partly my calculations and the concepts used during my MSci Thesis at University College London.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as economic activities slowed. However, the impacts on greenhouse gases and long-term air quality improvements remain uncertain without permanent behavior and economic changes.
This document discusses optomechanics and the use of quantum optics techniques to control mechanical systems. It provides a brief history of mechanical effects of light, including early predictions of radiation pressure and recent experiments cooling mechanical modes into the quantum ground state using laser radiation pressure. Current optomechanical systems are described, along with proposals to generate optomechanical entanglement and use optomechanics to teleport quantum states. Requirements for achieving quantum optomechanics experiments are discussed, and progress on developing systems meeting these requirements is summarized.
The slide is about matter wave interferometry and discusses this subject first with regards to the following questions.
1. While quantum physics is a universally valid theory are there any mass, size or complexity limits ?
2. As quantum physics is a precise theory can we use quantum interferometry for particle metrology?
3. As there seems to be a limit of how far the quantum interferometry can be shown to exist how far can we extend the double slit interferometry to larger things ?
The author's perspective is therefore to show that he can do double slit wave interferometry with quite large molecules.
What is interesting to him is the velocity distribution or "velocity selection" as it is called in his poster.
Then the author continues to discuss different interferometry techniques such as the Talbot-Lau interferometre and its extension, the Kapitza-Dirac Talbot-Lau interferometre.
After this he starts mentioning quantum interferometry with "polyatomic strings" and continues to discuss a larger variety of techniques and molecules.
The document discusses several possibilities for the existence of alien life forms:
1) There may be another human species in our galaxy or universe that evolved separately from apes, refuting evolution theory.
2) Advanced civilizations like those depicted in Star Wars could exist elsewhere in the galaxy.
3) Other dimensions may contain worlds like those in Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings with separate human species.
4) Greys or other aliens may have communicated telepathically or visited Earth. Their bodies and technology could differ greatly from humans.
This document discusses several physics concepts including:
1. The relationship between thermal conductivity, surface area, heat transfer rate, and temperature gradient in a pipe.
2. How Lorentz transformations relate velocity and acceleration in special relativity.
3. How the Faraday tensor relates electric and magnetic field components between inertial frames in motion relative to each other.
This document discusses structural language and how statistical analysis can be used to understand communication between agents through sequences of symbols or actions. It provides an example of two fighters in a computer game each with a repertoire of moves they use in a sequence to battle each other. The document argues that without understanding the meaning of individual symbols, one can still analyze repetitive structures and compare sequences to understand communication. It then discusses using statistical methods like Kendall's tau and Spearman's coefficient to analyze pairings between sequences and look for correlations. The document concludes by discussing how current computer games follow basic rules for situations but the next step is for computers to rely on sequences of their own decisions to become more autonomous agents.
This document discusses structural language and statistical analysis of sequences of signs or data. It uses examples of fighters in a computer game applying sequences of moves and birds communicating with sequences of tones. It argues that statistical analysis of the structures and sequences can help understand languages without knowing the meaning of individual symbols. This includes finding repetitions in sequences and comparing structures using methods like the Kendall Tau and Spearman coefficient to analyze pairings in sequences and assess concordance and discordance. It also suggests computer games could incorporate more artificial intelligence by having computer players rely on sequences of decisions rather than situational rules to become more autonomous agents.
This document discusses equations related to heat transfer through pipes and the temperature gradient that results from fluid flow. It then speculates that quantum mechanical equations like the Fermi-Dirac distribution and theories of relativity may help explain the relationship between temperature and the movement of water particles through pipes. The document proposes that the velocity of water particles must be connected to temperature, that velocity is infinite, and that the movement of an inertial system through a vacuum must be related to the movement of the system.
1. The document discusses equations relating thermal conductivity, surface area, temperature gradient, and heat transfer rate for water flowing through a pipe.
2. It then discusses how the movement of water particles through a tube is analogous to the movement of a train on rails, and how the laws of special relativity may need to be combined with temperature and quantum mechanics.
3. Finally, it presents equations for a von-Neumann type interaction describing an open boundary quantum system, where the wave function of a pointer after time t depends on the initial wave function and a parameter relating position and time.
1. The document defines topological spaces and metric spaces. A topological space is a set endowed with a collection of open sets satisfying certain properties. A metric space is a topological space where the open sets are defined by a metric.
2. It then introduces Gauss's law, which states that the electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the total charge enclosed by the surface.
3. Gauss's law can be applied to both discrete point charges and continuous charge distributions described by a charge density function.
Electron transport in one dimensional nanosystemsVorname Nachname
This document provides an overview of electron transport theory in one-dimensional nanoscale systems. It begins with an introduction to Landauer theory and asymmetric potential barriers. It then examines tight binding models of perfect and defective wires to understand electron transmission. Applications to scanning tunneling microscopes are discussed, modeling the tip-surface junction as a tight binding wire. Vibrational effects on conduction are also considered.
Smell in real noses: how the environment changes vibrationsVorname Nachname
This document discusses Benjamin Yiwen Färber's research into how the vibrational frequency of odor molecules is affected by the environment inside the nose. It begins by summarizing the biological process of smell and Turin's theory that odor discrimination is based on the vibrational frequencies of molecules. It then models odor molecules as diatomic harmonic oscillators and examines how the oscillator's frequency is altered by environmental factors like external charges and binding to olfactory receptors. The document relates the harmonic oscillator model to the quantum mechanical Morse potential model and tight binding model of diatomic molecules.
This document summarizes a statistical model of a stock market consisting of buyers and sellers interacting on a lattice. Sellers are fixed in position with set prices, while buyers diffuse randomly and may purchase from sellers based on the difference between the seller's price and the buyer's valuation. The model could later be expanded to have sellers dynamically adjust prices based on aggregate demand, similarly to models of Brownian motion in financial markets. Statistical physics approaches are applied to understand this complex system of many interacting agents as an equilibrium process.
Could humans recognize odor by phonon assisted tunnelingVorname Nachname
This document discusses a proposed physical mechanism for how humans could recognize odors through phonon-assisted tunneling. The mechanism involves inelastic electron tunneling between donor and acceptor sites in olfactory receptors that is mediated by the absorption or emission of odorant molecule phonons. The document evaluates the viability of this proposed mechanism using theoretical models and estimates of parameter values. It finds that the mechanism is physically plausible and consistent with observed features of the sense of smell, provided olfactory receptors have certain general properties that allow electron transfer on appropriate timescales.
This document contains C++ code that defines two classes: Histogram and Statistics. The Histogram class is used to store and represent histogram data, including a vector of doubles for the data, minimum value, and bin size. The Statistics class contains various public methods for initializing simulation parameters, logging field visits and salesman data, writing data to files, processing the data by dividing, smoothing, and calculating statistics like midpoint and variance. It stores the logged data and simulation parameters as private member variables.
This paper was published by my former Supervisor and involves partly my calculations and the concepts used during my MSci Thesis at University College London.
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as economic activities slowed. However, the impacts on greenhouse gases and long-term air quality improvements remain uncertain without permanent behavior and economic changes.
This document discusses optomechanics and the use of quantum optics techniques to control mechanical systems. It provides a brief history of mechanical effects of light, including early predictions of radiation pressure and recent experiments cooling mechanical modes into the quantum ground state using laser radiation pressure. Current optomechanical systems are described, along with proposals to generate optomechanical entanglement and use optomechanics to teleport quantum states. Requirements for achieving quantum optomechanics experiments are discussed, and progress on developing systems meeting these requirements is summarized.
The slide is about matter wave interferometry and discusses this subject first with regards to the following questions.
1. While quantum physics is a universally valid theory are there any mass, size or complexity limits ?
2. As quantum physics is a precise theory can we use quantum interferometry for particle metrology?
3. As there seems to be a limit of how far the quantum interferometry can be shown to exist how far can we extend the double slit interferometry to larger things ?
The author's perspective is therefore to show that he can do double slit wave interferometry with quite large molecules.
What is interesting to him is the velocity distribution or "velocity selection" as it is called in his poster.
Then the author continues to discuss different interferometry techniques such as the Talbot-Lau interferometre and its extension, the Kapitza-Dirac Talbot-Lau interferometre.
After this he starts mentioning quantum interferometry with "polyatomic strings" and continues to discuss a larger variety of techniques and molecules.
2. dpsm_simu.hpp
int x, y; //Koordinaten
double p; //Preis
double earnings;
int sales, visits;
//Gewinn vor n runden
double earnings_at(int n);
//Preis vor n runden
double p_at(int n);
/* Strategien
0 : p=0.5 konst,
1 : Gradient
2 : Back-Forward
*/
int strategy;
int ipr; //Iterationen pro Runde
//Log
std::vector<double> log_earnings;
std::vector<double> log_p;
};
/*-------------------------------------------------*/
class Customer
{
public:
Customer();
~Customer();
//Parameter
static int sleep_time; //Iterationen, die zwischen zwei Kaeufern
min. vergehen müssen
static int walk_time; //Anzahl Random-Walks die der Kaeufer nach
dem Kaufen macht
static double parsimony;
static int memory; //Anzahl Random-Walks die der Kaeufer nach
dem Kaufen macht
static double mem_k; //Anzahl Random-Walks die der Kaeufer nach
dem Kaufen macht
//Log_verteilung
static bool log_norm;
static double log_norm_ev; //Erwartungswert
static double log_norm_var; //Varianz
void Init(int& grid_size);
Seite 2
3. dpsm_simu.hpp
inline void Walk(int& grid_size); //Ein Schritt des Random-Walks
void Buy(int& grid_size); //Käufer hat eingekauft
double BuyProbability(double p);
int x, y; //Koordinaten
int time_to_sleep; //Wie viele Iteration müssen bis zum nächsten
Kauf vergehen
double theta; //Nutzen
std::vector<int> log_smid;
};
/*-------------------------------------------------*/
class DPSM
{
public:
//Parameter
int grid_size; //Groesse des Gitters: grid_size X grid_size
int num_iterations; //Anzahl Iterations
int num_customers; //Anzahl Kunden
int num_salesman; //Anzahl Verkaeufer
int log_bin_size; //Die Anzahl der Iterationen
double unit_cost; //Stueckkosten
double storage_cost; //Lagerkosten pro Iteration
//Konstruktor und Destruktor
DPSM();
~DPSM();
//Simulation starten
void Start();
//Kaeufer und Verkaeufer initialisieren
void InitPeople();
void InitCustomer();
//Statistiken initialisieren
void InitStats();
/*
Prueft ob sich ein Verkaufer auf der Position (x, y)
befindet und gibt, wenn ja, seine ID zurueck,
ansonsten -1
*/
int CheckPosition(int x, int y, int self_id = -1);
/*
Prueft ob der Kaeufer beim Verkauefer kauft und fuehrt
die Transaktion durch
*/
Seite 3
4. dpsm_simu.hpp
void CheckDeal(int &customer_id, int &salesman_id);
//Gibt die Gesamtgewinne und Positionen der Verkaeufer aus
void ShowEarnings();
int it; //Momentane Iteration
std::string file_prefix; //Der Prefix fuer die Dateien der
Ausgabe
std::string file_path; //Der Pfad, in den die ausgabe Dateien
abgelegt werden (muss existieren)
std::vector<Customer> cust; //Kaeufer
std::vector<Salesman> salesm; //Verkaeufer
Statistics stat;
};
#endif // DPSM_SIMU_HPP_INCLUDED
Seite 4